Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Qualitative spatial representation and reasoning: an overview

100%

Cohn A. G. , Hazarika S. M.

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2001

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tom Vol. 46, nr 1,2

1-29

EN

The paper is a overview of the major qualitative spatial representation and reasoning techniques. We survey the main aspects of the representation of qualitative knowledge including ontological aspects, topology, distance, orientation and shape. We also consider qualitative spatial reasoning including reasoning about spatial change. Finally there is a discussion of theoretical results and a glimpse of future work.

2

The internet as a knowledge source in Knowledge Views

80%

Piotrowski P.

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2009

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tom Vol. 30, nr 2A

201-211

EN

his paper presents how the Knowledge Views concept can be applied to gather information from various sources, reason over such information and present the knowledge to the user application in a form required by that application. Using Knowledge Views an application can "see" the Internet as a single knowledge source.

PL

Artykuł ten przedstawia koncepcję widoków na bazę wiedzy, jak może ona zostać wykorzystana w celu zbierania informacji z różnych źródeł, wnioskowania nad tymi informacjami i udostępnienia ich w postaci wymaganej przez aplikację. Korzystając z widoków na bazę wiedzy, aplikacja może „widzieć" Internet jako pojedyncze źródło wiedzy.

3

Dvojí (vlastně trojí) směr obratu k tělesnosti

80%

Thein K.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2011

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tom 59

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nr 1

9-30

EN

The article offers a systematic interpretation of the turn to embodiment in continental philosophy based on the distinction of two different lines of thought: the phenomenological and the ontological. The first of these, which involves the shift of the intensional structures of consciousness into embodied existence, is connected with a tendency to the spiritualisation of the body. The second line returns to the theme of bodily substance as the element of thinking which is endowed with its own causal activity: this line rejects any analogy between embodiment and transcendental subjectivity. In considering the first line, the article works with Husserlian motifs, including the adoption of an Aristotelian analogy of sense perception and the rational faculties, and it traces the development of these motifs up to the attempt at an erotic reduction in the work of J.-L. Marion. In considering the second line attention is given to the link between Deleuze’s conception of the body and Stoic ontology, and to Deleuze’s radicalisation of Spinoza’s conception of the structure of the body as a scheme that is co-extensive with the ideas of the human mind. The article also tackles the question of the connection between cogitative and bodily happening in Merleau-Ponty, in whose work we find elements of both the lines that we have described.

4

Measurements of Ason/Gmpls Connection Control Layer Performance According to Etsi Methodology

80%

Kaczmarek S. , Młynarczuk M. , Narloch M. , Sac M.

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5

SEMANTIC ONTOLOGY MODEL OF THE CONTENT MODULE OF THE COURSE "INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGIES OF DECISION-MAKING MANAGEMENT"

80%

Tsidylo I.

Problemy Profesjologii

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2014

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nr 1

131-139

EN

This article analyzes the model of representation of knowledge in the form of ontology to describe a subject. Three types of the objects have been considered – domain-oriented, task-oriented and top-level. The necessity of building a common ontology which contains just the following three types of ontologies has been substantiated. A model of knowledge representation is defined as the set of syntactic and semantic consistency, which makes it possible to describe the object. For modeling a semantic model of ontology we turned to simulation. In the process of creating semantic networks in the package MATLAB we used the library SNToolbox with consistent implementation of the following steps: construction of a semantic network, visualization, and search the semantic network. In solving the problems of forecasting the curriculum, the following knowledge is highlighted – the terms of the subject domain, the relationships between the terms, property of the terms, synonyms, ways of representing and ways of expressing terms. Using the three-component model "Concept", "Action", "Property", we have constructed a semantic network of the semantic ontology of the module course “Fuzzy sets” of the subject "Intelligent Technologies of Decision-Making Management". The formal approach to the model of the ontology of the content module described above allows structuring and generalizing the knowledge of the branch of artificial intelligence technologies which is represented by the fuzzy sets theory.

PL

Ten artykuł analizuje model reprezentacji wiedzy w postaci ontologii do opisu przedmiotu. Trzy typy obiektów są rozpatrywane: zorientowanych dziedzinowo, zadaniowo i najwyższego poziomu. Konieczność budowania wspólnej ontologii, która zawiera właśnie wymienione trzy typy ontologii została potwierdzona. Model reprezentacji wiedzy jest zdefiniowany jako zbiór składniowej i semantycznej konsystencji, co umożliwia opisanie obiektu. Do modelowania semantycznego modelu ontologii wykorzystana została symulacja. W procesie tworzenia sieci semantycznych w pakiecie MATLAB wykorzystaliśmy bibliotekę SNToolbox z konsekwentną realizacją następujących etapów: budowy sieci semantycznej, wizualizacji i wyszukiwania w sieci semantycznej. W rozwiązywaniu problemów związanych z prognozowaniem programu, pokreślana jest następująca wiedza - warunki tematycznej domeny, relacje między warunkami, nieruchomości z warunkami, synonimy, sposoby reprezentowania i sposoby wyrażania warunków. Wykorzystując trój-komponentowy model "Concept", "Action", "Property", skonstruowaliśmy semantyczną sieć semantycznej ontologii modelu kursu “zbirów rozmytych” przedmiotu "Inteligentne technologie zarządzania podejmowaniem decyzji". Formalne podejście do modelu ontologii opisu zawartości modelu pozwala konstruować i uogólniać wiedzę o branży technologii sztucznej inteligencji, która jest reprezentowana przez teorię zbiorów rozmytych.

6

Ontology of input validation attack patterns on web applications

80%

Akinwale A. , Shonubi J. , Adekoya A. , Sodiya A. , Mewomo T.

Informatyka Ekonomiczna

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2013

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nr 4(30)

11-23

XX

Web applications have been the main intrusion target, and input errors from the web users lead to serious security vulnerabilities. Many web applications contain such errors, making them vulnerable to remotely exploitable input validation attacks such as SQL Injection, Command Injection, Meta-Characters, Formatting String, Path Traversal and Cross Site scripting. In this paper, we present ontology to represent patterns of input validation attacks on web applications. More specifically, our ontology is based on individual subclasses, properties and inverse functional properties, domain and range of input validation attack patterns. The ontology is implemented and interpreted with the web application development language OWL (Ontology Web Language).

7

The Digital Secret of the Moving Image

80%

Terrone E.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2014

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tom 51

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nr 1

21-42

EN

This article addresses the definition of cinema by focusing on the related ontological question of which basic category circumscribes cinematic works. According to Noël Carroll, the definition of cinema consists both of ontological conditions that treat the moving image as a type and of other conditions that treat it as a display. But following Carroll’s ontological conditions, the digital encoding of a moving image enigmatically ends up being both a type and a token. Solving such a puzzle by clarifying the relation between the cinematic type and the digital type leads us to define the moving image in general as a type that specifies a spatiotemporal distribution of pixels.

8

Dobór języka reprezentacji wiedzy w ontologiach dziedzinowych

80%

Ziemba P. , Jankowski J. , Wolski W.

Informatyka Ekonomiczna

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2015

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nr 1(35)

84-100

EN

The article discusses the problem of knowledge representation language selection for domain ontologies. In the article the use of ontology as a tool of knowledge representation was presented and the analysis of logical formalisms such as frames, logic programs, description logic, first-order logic and common logic was carried out. Then a number of classic and markup based knowledge representation languages were analysed: Ontolingua, LOOM, OCML, FLogic, SHOE, RDF(S), OWL, OWL2. Based on the analysis of literature relationships and dependencies between versions and profiles of the OWL language were systematised. The article ends with the conclusion, according to which OWL 2 DL language is the most expressive language of retaining decidability, and therefore it is characterized by the highest applicability in the construction of domain ontologies allowing inference.

9

Using Ontologies and Algebra of Algorithms for Formalized Development of Parallel Programs

80%

Doroshenko A. , Yatsenko O.

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2009

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tom Vol. 93, nr 1-3

111-125

EN

An approach to formalized development of parallel programs using ontologies and algebra- algorithmic facilities is proposed. Ontology gives opportunity to describe the skeleton of the program representing main objects in the given subject domain, i.e. data, functions to process data and relations between functions. Once the skeleton of the program has been built, further development can be done in automated manner with the Integrated toolkit for Design and Synthesis (IDS) developed by the authors, which is based on using algorithmic algebras facilities. The application of the approach is illustrated with an example of developing parallel MPI program in the subject domain of sorting algorithms.

10

Construction and querying of relational schema for ontology instances data

80%

Falkowski M. , Jędrzejek C.

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2008

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tom T. 33

71-84

EN

Technologies developed in the Semantic Web project, such as RDF data model and OWL ontology language are gaining significant attention not only in the scientific world but also in the commercial doamin. One of the main challenges to implementations is to reduce quite long response times to queries. Consequently, systems that manipulate large amounts of data, such as RDF repositories and semantic query engines, could benefit a lot from employing mature and efficient relational database systems. In this paper we present a method of storing semantic data in relational databases and propose a novel algorithm of automatic building and querying relational schemas that can store ontology instances (ABox) data. Our method is based on "table-per-class" approach with extensions that take into account some RDFS and OWL class and properties constraints (multiple values of properties). We discuss how ontology construction (especially use of cardinality restrictions and functional properties) influences a resulting schema. We also present an algorithm of rewriting graph-pattern queries (such as SPARQL queries), addressed to RDF data, to SQL queries addressed to relational schema. Tests on our prototype system demonstrate that the rewritten queries can be answered by RDBMS in an efficient and a scalable way. In particular, for the LUBM benchmark the response times we obtain, compare favorable with these obtained using leading reasoners.

PL

Artykuł przedstawia metodę składowania i odpytywania instancji ontologii w relacyjnyj bazie danych. Opracowana metoda składowania danych opiera się na metodzie "table per class" i rozszerza ją, aby efektywniej traktować predykaty jednowartościowe. W pracy opisano również metodę przepisywania zapytań opartych na wzorcach grafowych na ekwiwalentne z punktu widzenia danej ontologii zapytania SQL. Testy prototypowej implementacji przeprowadzone na ontologii i zapytaniach LUBM wykazały dużą skalowalność i wydajność takiego podejścia.

11

Conceptual modeling of knowledge in the system supporting investigations against economic offenses

80%

Cybulka J. , Martinek J.

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2008

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tom T. 33

59-70

EN

We present the result of our research aimed at the creation of the core ontology of economic criminal processes and the investigation procedures. It is thought of as a semantic background (a knowledge conceptual model) for a system that is to support prosecutors and policemen in their investigations against the economic crimes. The usage of the ontology within the system is threefold, namely the generation of a user-friendly interface, the support of inferences and the facilitation of the data exchange, both within the system's modules and between the system and the other systems (possibly, acting within the semantic Web services paradigm). The ontology is modeled according to the constructive descriptions and situations (c.DnS) modeling paradigm, and it is engineered in the OWL ontology language.

PL

W pracy przedstawia się rezultaty badań ukierunkowanych na zbudowanie ontologii rdzennej, konceptualizującej łącznie dziedzinę przestępstw gospodarczych i procedur ich wykrywania. Ontologia ma stanowić bazę semantyczną systemu wspomagającego pracę zespołową prokuratora prowadzącego śledztwo i policjantów prowadzących dochodzenie. Ontologia zostanie zastosowana w systemie do: zbudowania przyjaznego użytkownikowi interfejsu, wspomagania wniskowania o zgromadzonych faktach i wspomagania automatyzacji wymiany danych, zarówno pomiędzy modułami systemu, jak i z jego otoczeniem (możliwa będzie także realizacja wymiany w paradygmacie semantycznych serwisów WWW). Ontologię zamodelowano zgodnie ze wskazaniami paradygmatu c.DnS konstruktywnych deskrypcji i sytuacji (ang. constructive descriptions and situations) i zrealizowano w języku OWL.

12

Unfit to Print: Contra Mag Uidhir on the Ontology of Photographic Artworks

80%

Aliyev A.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2016

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tom 53 (New Series: 9)

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nr 1

3-13

EN

According to the orthodox view, photographic artworks are abstract objects. This view, however, has recently been challenged by Christy Mag Uidhir. In his article ‘Photographic Art: An Ontology Fit to Print’, he argues in favour of a nominalist construal of photographic artworks. My goal is to show that Mag Uidhir’s argument is unpersuasive.

13

Fenomenologie z příhodného?

80%

Ritter M.

Filosofický časopis (Philosophical Journal)

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 6

877-888

EN

This review study analyses Martin Nitsche’s monograph devoted to Heidegger’s Contributions to philosophy (Beiträge zur Philosophie), primarily addressing the question of whether Nitsche succeeds in displaying the phenomenological character of the Contributions. It identifies a key step in Nitsche’s interpretation; that is, Heidegger’s shift from emphasising the specific entity of Dasein to emphasising the distinctive “phenomenological” or “relational field”, which is understood as an “ontological locality”. The study focuses on the question of whether it is possible, subsequent to this shift, to preserve the phenomenological character of (Heidegger’s) thought, and it arrives at a negative conclusion in this regard: Heidegger does not offer a phenomenological description - nay, he presents a conceptual, or perhaps even narrative, structure, in which he lays claim to the possibility of speaking from a principled position of (the experienced) “enowning”.

14

A Problem for Fine Individuation and Artist Essentialism

80%

Goodman J.

Estetika: The Central European Journal of Aesthetics

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2013

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tom 50

|

nr 2

139-149

EN

Fine Individuation says it is impossible for distinct people who are not collaborating on a work of art to produce one and same artwork. This is an intra-world thesis, but is necessarily true, if true at all. Author Essentialism says it is impossible for someone else to produce one and the same work of art produced by some actual artist. This is an alleged necessary truth regarding cross-world relations. Both theses have been vigorously defended. I argue here that both are false, but for reasons that are entirely novel.

15

Ontologia czasu nieliniowego dla opisu rzeczywistości ekonomicznej

80%

Mach-Król M.

Informatyka Ekonomiczna

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2014

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nr 1(31)

69-76

EN

The paper concerns the question of establishing such a time ontology that would enable to depict in a precise manner changes in discontinuous, turbulent environment of enterprises. It is necessary if one wants to build a temporal analytical model of this environment, capable of indicating the most important changes, their reasons, directions and effects, as well as their influence on enterprise’s operations. It is indispensable to take into account the features of the environment being analyzed, and to properly adjust the ontology of time. In the paper an ontology of time is proposed, that is well suited to depicting and analyzing the turbulent economic environment of an enterprise. The main aim of the paper is to analyze the specific features of economic realm, which determine the time structure, and to present a proposal of time ontology suited for economic analyses.

16

Czy teorię przedmiotowości Richarda Hönigswalda można uznać za ontologię?

80%

Alechnowicz-Skrzypek I.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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nr 4(26)

191-203

XX

The guiding question of this paper encourages the search for aspects of the Richard Hönigswald’s theory of objectivity that would allow it to be seen as a kind of ontology. Those can easily be found if the theory is interpreted as a positive theory of reality. However, considering the psychology of thinking in Hönigswald’s theory of objectivity raises important doubts barring the definitive answer to that question. Hönigswald stops short of giving an ontological description of the formal structure of human subjectivity, instead reducing it to the statement: “I do think something”.

17

An attempt at formulation of ontology for technological knowledge comprised in technical standards

80%

Macioł A. , Wrona R. , Stawowy A. , Macioł P.

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2007

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tom Vol. 52, iss. 3

381-388

EN

The principal function of technical standards is to facilitate exchange of information between various entities taking part in economic activities. Technical standards mainly comprise the basic knowledge from a specific field of technology. A condition for effective use of this knowledge is putting it in some order and creating mechanisms, which will enable searching for and finding of information. Ordering of knowledge is the task of ontology in the sense of information science. The authors’ intention has been building of an ontology, which would enable access to a detailed knowledge comprised in the content of a standard and not only to a symbol used to designate this standard. This should enable designing of a knowledge exploration system solving the technological problems based on the data and rules recorded in numerous standards. The ontology will make basis for further development and extension of foundry knowledge using the results of scientific studies and practical experience. This article presents a concept and principles of ontology formulation for the needs of collecting the technological knowledge. In formulation of ontology the RDF (Resource Description Framework) language, used also as a tool for information representation in the resources of global network (WWW), is utilised. Some examples are given of how to record the knowledge comprised in ASTM standards according to the designed ontology along with examples of the rules used in search for information.

PL

Zasadniczą funkcją norm technicznych jest usprawnienie przepływu informacji pomiędzy uczestnikami wymiany gospodarczej. Normy techniczne zawierają jednak także podstawową wiedzę z określonej dziedziny techniki. Warunkiem efektywnego wykorzystania tej wiedzy jest jej uporządkowanie i stworzenia mechanizmów wyszukiwania informacji. Porządkowanie wiedzy jest zadaniem ontologii w jej informatycznym rozumieniu. Naszym zadaniem jest stworzenie takiej ontologii, która pozwalałyby na udostępnienie szczegółowej wiedzy zawartej w treści normy, a nie tylko jej symbolu. Pozwoli to na skonstruowanie systemu eksploracji wiedzy pozwalajacego na rozwiązywanie problemów technologicznych w oparciu o dane i reguły zapisane w wielu normach. Stworzona ontologia stanowić będzie podstawę do rozbudowy wiedzy odlewniczej w oparciu o wyniki badań naukowych i doświadczenia praktyczne. W artykule przedstawiono koncepcję i zasady formułowania ontologii dla potrzeb gromadzenia wiedzy technologicznej. Do sformułowania ontologii wykorzystano jezyk RDF (Resource Description Framework) stosowany do reprezentacji informacji w zasobach sieci globalnej (WWW). W artykule zaprezentowano przykłady zapisu wiedzy zawartej w normach ASTM w zaprojektowanej ontologii oraz zasady wyszukiwania informacji.

18

Filozofia Richarda Hönigswalda jako teoria ważności

80%

Furman M.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2012

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nr 4(26)

173-189

XX

Richard Hönigswald speaks against theories, which are based on ontological or metaphysical arguments, in his philosophical plan. Above all, his philosophy is the theory of cognition. In this context Hönigswald states that philosophy cannot determine the thing in itself. This lack is supposed to be made with the theory importances (Geltung) in the form of the self-excuse.

19

MIĘDZY ONTOLOGIĄ A LOGIKĄ. ROLA LOGIKI W PROCESIE POZNANIA PRAWDY

80%

Wojtyła W.

Studia Ełckie

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2017

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tom 19

|

nr 3

283 - 294

EN

The purpose of the article was to try to answer the question, what truth and logic is discovered? The answer came by comparing the claims made by Des-cartes and the main representatives of the Lviv-Warsaw School. The author of the article contrasting the views of the French thinker with the views of Polish logicians, with Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz at the head, turns to the proposal of the latter. According to Ajdukiewicz, discovered by law logic, as well as the laws discovered by representatives of empirical sciences, there are some objective relations that take place on the side of reality. Knowing these important and universal properties and laws, man increas-ingly and better understands the world. The conclusion of the article is the the-sis that there is close correspondence between ontology and logic, as expressed by the first principles of the law of being, which are also the first principles of the laws of thought. Responding to the question of the role of logic in the pro-cess of learning the truth, the author confesses to those authors who argue that logic is a science that works on the material provided by the ontology, looking for relationships between objects of the real world.

20

Aristotle’s Resolution of the Aporia about Coming-to-be in Physica I,8

70%

Rossi G.

Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina

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2017

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tom 53

|

nr 1-2

247-271

EN

In Physica I,8 Aristotle endeavors to show that a long-term Eleatic puzzle about coming-to-be can be resolved by appealing to his own ontological principles of change (substratum, privation, and form). In this paper, I posit that the key to Aristotle’s resolution lies in the introduction of aspectual distinctions within numerical unities. These distinctions within the terminus a quo and the terminus ad quem of coming-to-be made it possible for Aristotle to maintain, while answering the puzzle, that there is no coming-to-be ex nihilo and, at the same time, that the product of coming-to-be is something that did not exist before; i.e. that there is coming-to-be. Finally, I suggest that this resolution could be seen as an interesting case of the application of conceptual tools developed in the Sophistici Elenchi, and I analyze the advantages of this resolution over the Platonic resolution of a similar sort of Eleatic problem.