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2 Pražské egyptologické studie (Prague Egyptological Studies)

2 2018

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New Egyptian tomb type found at Abusir South? Report on the excavations of mud brick complex AS 103

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Odler M. , Peterková Hlouchová M. , Arias Kytnarová K. , Havelková P.

nr 21

73-93

In the autumn season of 2017, four mud brick structures designated as AS 103 were excavated in the area of the south-eastern part of the New Kingdom temple (AS 70–73). It is a complex of four corridor chapels/tombs (in an area of 15.0 × 12.7 m), with single or composed niches in the western inner walls. One of the niches in Corridor Chapel 1 was cased with red-painted wooden planks. Shafts were detected in front of the niches, a fairly uncommon phenomenon in Egyptian tomb architecture. The term “hollow tomb with a shaft below a niche” is being proposed for this new tomb (sub)type. A preliminary study of the pottery leads to the conclusion that the tombs were built from the east to the west, with Corridor Chapels 4, 3 and 2 built successively in the Third Dynasty and Corridor Chapel 1 in the Fifth Dynasty. Even though they were funeral structures, not many burials were excavated: the remains of a single human body have been found. The structures did not contain many finds, either. However, four white limestone offering basins were uncovered in situ. One of them was inscribed with the female name Nfr.t-jw=s. It is evident that the excavations have brought to light new insights into burial practices of non-elite people of the Old Kingdom period. In the context of Abusir South, AS 103 represents the first thoroughly excavated complex of such a type of tombs. Based on preliminary probing, similar structures are very likely located nearby, continuing in all directions.

Čtyři domy z města mrtvých. Předběžná zpráva o výzkumu komplexu hrobek AS 103 pod chrámem z Nové říše v jižním Abúsíru

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Odler M. , Peterková Hlouchová M. , Havelková P.

2018

nr 20

27-34

In November 2017, mud brick structures, designated as AS 103, were excavated (fig. 1) in the area of the southeastern part of the later New Kingdom temple (numbered as structures AS 70–73; fig. 2). AS 103 is a complex of four corridor chapels (in an area with measurements of 15.0 × 12.7 m). The western inner walls of each corridor chapel were decorated with single and composed niches (figs. 3–6). Interestingly enough, Niche 9 in Corridor chapel 1 was found with wooden planks on the mud brick masonry (fig. 6). Four limestone offering basins were found, one of them inscribed with a female name Nfr.t-jw=s (fig. 7). A preliminary study of the pottery enables us to date Corridor chapel 1 and 2 to the Fifth Dynasty, whereas Corridor chapels 3 and 4 might have been constructed already in the late Third Dynasty or in the early Fourth Dynasty. The excavations brought to light new information on the burial practices of non-elite people of these periods: in this particular part of Abusir, AS 103 represents the first thoroughly excavated complex of such a type of tombs, which undoubtedly continues in all directions, built chronologically from the east to the west.