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1 Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm. Suplement

1 1994

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Wplyw dodatku do diety odzywki wysokobialkowej na wybrane wskazniki hematologiczne i biochemiczne krwi oraz stopien wydolnosci organizmu sportowcow

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Eksterowicz J. , Ziemlanski S.

Żywienie Człowieka i Metabolizm. Suplement

1994

tom 21

64-76

Celem pracy było sprawdzenie, czy zwiększenie zawartości białka zwierzęcego w diecie sportowców wpływa na gospodarkę żelaza w organizmie i powstawanie niedokrwistości. Badania przeprowadzono na 20 zawodnikach uprawiających przez 2-3 lała średnie i długie biegi lekkoatletyczne. Dodatek do diety odżywki białkowej w ilości 100-150 g przeciwdziała obniżaniu się zawartości żelaza i hemoglobiny we krwi badanych zawodników.

The purpose of the study was checking whether increased amount of animal protein in the diet of sportsmen influences iron level in the organism and anaemia development. The study was carried out on 20 sportsmen aged 19.1±0.8 years participating since 2-3 years in medium and long-distance running. The sportsmen were divided into two groups: experimental and control. All were given full-value diet providing 4438±295 kcal (18.6±1.4 MJ) energy, with 193.1±6.6 g protein, covering 12% of the energy in the daily food ration, with plant protein 49.4±43 g, that is 3.9% of the total energy of the daily food ration, and 89.7±7.5 g of animal protein, accounting for 8.1% of the total energy. Fat content was 138.2±9.2 g covering 28% of the total energy of the daily food ration. The content of carbohydrates was 663.8±61.8 g (59.3% of energy). The study group received high-protein nutritive product „Vitamaxima” in amounts of 100 g and 150 g daily per one person which increased animal protein in daily diet by 60 g and 90 g. This product was given twice daily in equal portions. During one week the runners had 7-8 training units, on the average lasting 1.5 hours each at a distance of 10-15 km. All runners had three blood investigations: before the experiment, after 2 weeks of training and after its end, that is after 3 weeks. During the study the body mass was measured, and the maximal work capacity (VO2max) was determined by the indirect method. Besides that the total effort efficiency of the organism was measured (PWC-170 test) using a Meinhard apparatus. The determinations were done before and after completion of the experiment. The following conclusions can be draw from the study: addition of protein nutrient 100 g and 150 g daily prevented iron loss from the blood of sportsmen, the protein nutrient added in amounts of 150 g daily prevented better the development of anaemia than the addition of 100 g of this nutrient, increased content of animal protein in the diet after addition of the Vitamaxima protein nutrient (100-150 g daily) prevented the fall of serum cholesterol level despite continuing heavy exercise, the addition of protein nutrient to the diet of sportsmen prevented the fall of body mass, the sportsmen tolerated well the addition of protein nutrient to the diet, further studies are necessary on the effect of protein nutrients on the biochemical and morphotic elements of the organism for a better knowledge of the mechanism through which protein diet effectively prevents the development of hypochromaemic anaemia in sportsmen, a favourable effect of training and dietary habits was shown on the possibility of oxygen utilization by the organism (V02max) and on the general physical efficiency (PWC- 170). No significant differences were found between the groups of sportsmen receiving traditional diet and diet enriched with protein (protein-rich Vitamaxima product).