Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Zamek Królewski w świadomości narodowej

100%

Gieysztor A.

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1987

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nr 1-2

5-7

EN

In the national consciousness the Royal Castle in Warsaw evokes a univocal association with the history of the Polish State, with its splendours and miseries in the past centuries and its rebirth after the 2nd World War. For many centuries it was the witness of historic events, a symbol of national unity and state independence. Now, enriched with new values, the Castle expresses the unity of feelings, beliefs and endeavours of the Poles. It became the symbol hewn anew in the old material of patriotic emotions and the sense of national identity, affecting the contemporaries through its history that embodies the history of the nation.

2

Rozwiązania techniczne w Zamku Królewskim

88%

Ciosmak J.

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1987

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nr 1-2

102-108

EN

The Royal Castle in Warsaw, rebuilt in its historic form, has been equipped with the most modern technical facilities. All facilities and fittings in historic interiors have been installed undiscernibly and concealed to the utmost degree so not to impair a historic decor of the interiors. Engineering control rooms have been situated at two levels of the Castle: — the attic houses air-conditioning equipment with a central control and dispatch system for "Light and Sound", social facilities for workers including a canteen; — the basement houses heating and cooling machinery, ventilating rooms, telephone exchange; — part of the Wielki (i.e. Great) Courtyard has been provided with cellars in order to secure a horizontal distribution of installations. The Castle has been equipped with a double system of power, heating and water supply to ensure continuous operation. 102 historic rooms have been provided with full air-conditioning and maintain constant parameters of air (humidity — 60% and temperature - 20%); at the same time this system functions as air heating. The electro-acoustic switchboard with cabling at 4 levels has been installed, which makes possible a two-way operation with almost every room. In order to enrich the artistic effect of the Castle it has been planned to hold "Light and Sound" spectacles as well as historic shows in the Castle’s courtyard. The cinema and lecture room, housing seats for 100, offers possibilities for the demonstration of films recorded on 35 mm and 16 mm wide tape, slide projection, recording of events as well as stereophonic reproduction of music. The Castle has also been equipped with antiburglary and fire protection systems. Altogether nearly thirty different installations have been put in there. The majority of the systems work faultlessly, which allows for an efficient operation of the Royal Castle. Still, some of the systems have not as yet been completed and they include: — industrial TV system — interpreters’ system — wireless information for visitors — heating of gutters — in-coming electronic system for the structure’s protection.

3

Dokumentacja konserwatorska prac prowadzonych przez Pracownię Konserwacji Dzieł Sztuki PKZ

75%

Krakowska-Pilch E.

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1987

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nr 1-2

137-140

EN

In December 1972 the Workshop for the Conservation of Works of Art was brought to life in a newly created branch office of the Atelier for the Conservation of Cultural Property, called the Main Office fo r the Reconstruction of the Royal Castle. Its task was the conservation of preserved elements of original decorations and the reconstruction of the interiors of 17 historic rooms. To this aim specialized teams were formed such as conservators of works of art, modellers, wood carvers and gilders. All, the preserved e le ments of the decor of the interiors, coming to ca 2,000 details, were passed by the National Museum in Warsaw to this Workshop as the main constructor. A wide variety of types of work, the number of o rigina l stucco, wood-carving and carpenter's elements which were to return to their original place required a specific a p proach to the entire problem as well as the drawing of a new model of conservation documentation. Because of the fact that each room represents a compact and homogenous set of decoration, it was decided to work out comprehensive documentation for indiv id u a l rooms. One set of the documentation contained information on the course of all works carried out by the Workshop fo r the Conservation of Works of Art. Treating the decor of the interior as one structure the information included contained data concerning authors, time and execution, authors of the reconstruction design, number of design documentation, general dimensions of the interior, its iconographie description and a short historic outline prepared by the Scientific and H i storic Documentation Department of the Castle’s branch office. Other data concerning technological construction, condition, causes of decay, programme and course of decay, programme and course of work were particularly expanded and they comprised all elements of the decor. The described details were presented in a uniform order: ceiling decorations, bed-moulding and cornices, wall decorations, wood-work. A uniform arrangement was also adopted in presenting the work done: conservation of preserved elements of stucco work, models of architectonic decorations, model of sculptor's decorations, conservation of original ele ments of wood carving, models for decorations in wood, reconstruction of elements carved in wood, conservation of old carpentry elements. The course of the works was w e ll- illu s tra te d with photographs showing the condition of de tails prior to, during and a fter conservation, models made, reconstructed wood-carved elements, gildings. Each documentation was provided with a location plan — projection of the 1st flo o r of the Royal Castle, pointing out the object discussed as well as a choice of the reproductions of archival photos. Attached were also photographs of the interiors th a t depicted the condition a fter reconstruction. Pictures of walls and projection of the ceiling, put on micro- filmed d ra ft drawings, show g raphically and descriptively the location of in -b u ilt original details of the decor. Copies of commissional agreements on idividual conservation and reconstruction problems, results of laboratory studies as well as extracts from the minutes of the meeting of the A rchitectonic and Conservation Commission on the agreements and the acceptance of individual stages of work as well a" the entire interiors have been added as enclosures. Documentation includes also conservation drawings in the scale of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:5 of o rigina lly preserved elements of the decor, depicting the condition, conservation and reconstruction work. Altogether 32 sets of conservation documents have been prepared, compiled into one volume, just as is the case with "O ffice rs ' Room" or eleven volumes in the case of "The Throne Room” or "The Room of the Knights". Individual documentations have 10 to 80 pages and 2 to 200 photographs. In order to accelerate the rate of work the team of reg istrars was assigned the task of a coordinator of the entire work carried out in the Workshop, inc lu d in g : — the analysis of the condition of the preserved rescued d e tails ; transportation from the place of storing and to ensure proper climatic conditions; — id e n tifica tio n and location of the elements based on the analysis of the available iconographie material, — preparing the lists (with regard to the quantity and q u ality) of missing element , — transfer of all material to idividual teams of specialists, — reg u la r supervision of the work done, — carrying out a descriptional and functional registration of successive stages of work and location of original elements, — preparing conservation documentation. The scale of the problem can be illustrated by the following d a ta : altogether 1,988 details of the decor of the interior of the Royal Castle were covered by conservation. Out of this number, 1,048 details were identified and situationed. 988 of them, corresponding to the adopted architectonic and conservation concept, were b u ilt into the present in teriors. The remaining elements coming from unaccentuated stages of reconstruction of interiors were given back to the management of the Royal Castle in Warsaw.

4

Problematyka dokumentacji powykonawczej

75%

Łotysz A.

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1987

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nr 1-2

140-143

EN

Twelve years of the restitution of the Royal Castle in W a rsaw gave birth to ample documentation on build in g and conservation wotk, compiled into 95 volumes of 1,000 pages and nearly 2,500 photographs th a t represent a chronological record of all activities associated with the reconstruction of this structure. Because of an unorderly arrangement of the content of the work resulting from a s traight reg istration of successive operations it is really d iffic u lt to get from it any information. In order to eliminate this shortcoming it has been found necessary to add post-execution conservation d ocumentation which w ill present in a well-arranged form a course of research, scientific, design and executional work carried out fo r 25 rooms and the elevation of the Castle. The firs t volume of this documentation, covering the Canaletto Room, has already been prepared and a fter its approval it will become a standard example fo r future works.

5

Organizacja i historia odbudowy Zamku Królewskiego

75%

Polak T.

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1987

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nr 1-2

49-54

EN

The artic le of director general of the main executor of works presents stages of their realization and principles of organization. Once the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Cultural Property (the PKZ) had been assigned that role the work was initiated immediately. Already in January 1971 a design office referred to as the Castle office was rea c tivated, with Jan Bogusławski as general designer. On April 15, 1971 Castle's Department of the PKZ was brought to life, giving thus the beginning to a branch office. Demolition and archaeological works as well as expert appraisements were undertaken. On November 30 the Architectonic and Conservation Commission of the Civic Committee for the Reconstruction of the Royal Castle approved a d ra ft architectonic plan. Thanks to the transfer of rights onto the Commission it could approve plans, executed then d irectly by the constructors. The principle of a simultaneous execution of studies, designing and realization works was employed from the very beginning. Only in that way it was possible to obtain the expected results. A p a rt from Castle’s Department of the PKZ teams from other branch offices (14 altogether) were included into the project as well as 28 specialized enterprises from a ll over the country. A lre ady at the outset of the works a big number of volunteers engaged themselves with simple jobs. Many producers d e livered constructional materials on a free of charge basis. Along with the progress of works new workshops were opened in the Castle branch office. Of importance was also the employing of new workers to be trained in disappearing professions such as stucco workers, gilders, tilers et.c. Thanks to them teams of rare craftsmen got developed; they stayed with the enterpise even after the completion of works at the Castle. Afte r consigning the mass of the building in a raw state on July 22, 1974. finishing works were commenced; after July 22, 1978 works were undertaken to accomplish technical outfit. The inside of the Castle was divided into several regions and its technical acceptance was done in stages to avoid the acceptance of the whole building. Owing to this it was possible to start furnishing with elements of wall tapestries, lighting equipment et.c. A special attention was paid to the workers, who got provided with good social amenities and were offered extensive training. Once the major part of the Castle was handed over to the management of the Museum, the institution o f the branch office referred to as "th e Castle" was dissolved and its employees joined W a rsaw’s office. The intensive, often strenous, work on the restitution of the Castle offered the possibility to gain much experience on a very broad scale. It also consolidated groups of professional workers at a unique project, a p atriotic nature of which is beyond any doubt. Still, first and foremost, the Royal Castle g o t restored according to the will of the Poles.

6

Specyfika zadań inwestorskich przy odbudowie Zamku Królewskiego

63%

Bigoszewski J.

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1987

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nr 1-2

95-101

EN

From March 1971 the function of the investor in the reconstruction of the Royal Castle in Warsaw has been played by the Main Office fo r the Development of the City of W a rsaw - the East (the DRM). This organization has already some experience in the reconstruction of historic structures. It ran the reconstruction of Warsaw tenement houses at Bednarska, Krakowskie Przedmieście and in the Old and New Town. The first investment tasks were executed without any change in organizational structures of the DRM Warsaw — the East. Only afte r the completion of the Castle in the raw state an organizational team consisting of 20-22 persons was brought to life. The duties of the team comprised the following tasks: preparation of documentation, technical supervision of the execution and social campaigns, analysis of costs and the settlement of the work. The reconstruction of the Castle was commenced on September 17, 1971. The date fo r the completion of the building in the raw state was fixed by the Civic Committee fo r the Reconstruction of the Royal Castle fo r the end of 1973, but following working consultations with the p a rticipation of the general constructor (i.e. the State Ateliers fo r the Conservation of Monuments) the date was postponed until July 22, 1974 and was kept. In 1977 the first element of the Castle was installed. In the next year administration and social parts in the 2nd flo o r of the Saxon and north wing were given to use. In 1980 the remaining administration rooms in the groundfloor of the west and north wings were completed. From 1981 individual groups of historic rooms were delivered. In 1984 a ceremony of handing over the structure to its user, i.e. the management of the Royal Castle, was held. When pursuing such a difficult goal as the restitution of the Castle, the tasks of the investor were enormous. His role began with the preparation of design documentation which was drawn by stages and simultaneously with the work being done. Technical data of the preliminary plan were as follows: the cubage — 144,580 m3, surface area — 21,680 m2. In the period of one year the investor had to conclude 10—15 contracts for the documentation. The principles of calculations and costs of the work were agreed with the executor, because the then existing pricelists did not cover all kinds of work. Apart from the organization, supervision and acceptance of the construction work, the investor dealt also with the reconstruction of mobile furnishings in the interiors. In order to furnish the interiors of the Castle the following elements were reconstructed: 13 kinds of textiles, 140 frames for paintings, 544 pieces of furniture, 76 wall applied ornaments, 54 chandeliers, 38 pedestals. The work on the reconstruction of the interior equipment has not been yet completed. It wals also the task of the investor to purchase installations and materials. The reconstruction of the Castle is not yet finished. At present, build'ng and construction work in the Ball Room is under way. It is still necessary to install inside and outside special equipment, to reconstruct historic equipment, to complete the Saxon elevation with an upper terrace from the Vistula’s side, to mould the escarp and to plant castle gardens.