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Electric Spark Sensitivity of Nitramines. Part II. A Problem of "Hot Spots"

100%

Zeman S. , Pelikán W. , Majzlík J. , Kočí J.

tom Vol. 3, nr 3

45-51

Attention was focused on the influence of grain size upon the electric spark sensitivity of 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane (hexogen) and 1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocane (octogen). Also the dependence of this sensitivity is monitored upon the addition of hard and fine admixtures (crushed glass or diamond dust) to these compounds and sample of ?-HNIW. It was found that this artificial introduction of the said admixtures decreases the electric spark sensitivity of corresponding mixtures because the number of intergrain contact points of the nitramines grains in the volume unit is decreased by implementation of the foreign particles. It was also suggested that dislocations in the crystals should play some role here. It is stated that an impact component absents in relevant electric discharge.

Removal of Nitramine Explosives in Aqueous Solution by UV-Mediated Advanced Oxidation Process in Near-Neutral Conditions

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Khue D. N. , Bach V. Q. , Binh N. T. , Minh D. B. , Nam P. T. , Loi V. D. , Nguyen H. T.

tom Vol. 22, nr 6

232--243

Explosive compounds are hazardous to the environment, posing a serious risk to human and animal health and the ecosystem. The primary goal of research was to compare the efficiency of UV/H2O2, photo-Fenton, electro (EO)/ UV/H2O2 processes at near-neutral pH (pH=6) on the degradation of nitramine explosives (NAs), such as hexogen (RDX), octogen (HMX), and tetryl (TET), in an aqueous solution. The effect of operational conditions, likely pH of the solution, initial H2O2 concentration, initial Fe2+ concentration, and solution temperature, was observed. The removal kinetics fit with first-order kinetics and were in the order: photo-Fenton >EO/UV/ H2O2 > UV/ H2O2. The results showed higher rate constant values for TET, RDX and HMX removal by UV/ H2O2 (k = 0.07778, 0.03791 and 0.03786 min-1), EO/UV/ H2O2 (k = 0.16599, 0.1475 and 0.08674 min-1) and photo-Fenton (k = 0.18018, 0.1501 and 0.09336 min-1) processes. Furthermore, TET, RDX and HMX were mineralized at 59.7%, 45.1%, and 25.1 %, respectively, under optimum conditions after 60 min of the photo-Fenton process. From the economic perspective, photo-Fenton only requires 2.132–4.113 kWh m-3 to completely reduce NAs. Finally, acute toxicity towards Vibrio fischeri was defeated after usage of near-neutral photo-Fenton. Thus, photo-Fenton at circum-neutral is promising for low-cost, eco-friendly and efficient processes for treating nitramine explosives in aqueous solutions.