Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to describe the sintered duplex stainless steels manufactured in sinterhardening process and its usability in field of stainless steels and moreover using computer software to calculate the powder mix composition. Design/methodology/approach: In presented paper duplex stainless steels were obtained through powder metallurgy starting from austenitic or ferritic base powders by controlled addition of alloying elements powder. In the studies besides the preparation of powder mixes, computer software based on Schaeffler’s diagram was studied. Findings: It has been demonstrated that austenitic-ferritic microstructures with regular arrangement of both phases and absence of precipitates can be obtained with properly designed powder mix composition and sintering cycle. Research limitations/implications: According to the alloys characteristic applied cooling rate and powder mix composition seems to be a good compromise to obtain balanced duplex stainless steel microstructures, nevertheless further tests should be carried out in order to examine different cooling rates and sintering parameters. Practical implications: Applied producing method of sintered duplex steels and used sintering cycle as well as developed computer software to calculating powder mix composition proves his advantage in case of obtained microstructures and additionally it seem to be very promising for obtaining a balanced duplex structure, also working with cycles easy to be introduced in industries. Originality/value: The utilization of sinter-hardening process combined with use of elemental powders added to a stainless steel base powder shows its advantages in terms of good microstructural homogeneity and especially working with cycles possible to introduce in industrial practice.
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Purpose: Purpose of this paper was to examine the role of tungsten on properties of two different carbon levels pre-alloyed steel powders. Microstructural characteristic and mechanical properties of sinter-hardened Ni-Mo steels with increasing amount of tungsten (from 0 to 0.3% wt.) were taken under consideration. Design/methodology/approach: Powder mixes (Ni-Mo, Ni-Mo-W) have been compacted at 700MPa and sintered in a vacuum furnace with argon backfilling at 1120°C for 60 minutes. Rapid cooling has been applied with an average cooling rate of 2.5°C/s. Obtained samples were analyzed by scanning microscopy with Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) for phase distribution and mapping and light optical microscopy for observations of the microstructure. Charpy impact test, three-point bending, microhardness and pin-on-disk tests were used. Findings: The effect of chemical composition and applied vacuum sintering with rapid cooling were studied in terms of mechanical properties, focusing in particular on impact energy, hardness and wear resistance. The results achieved after the investigation of Ni-Mo and Ni-Mo-W sinter-hardened steels with low and high carbon content proved that applied process of sintering under vacuum and rapid cooling brought expected outcome. Research limitations/implications: According to the powders characteristic, the applied cooling rate seems to be a good compromise for mechanical properties and microstructures, nevertheless further tests should be carried out in order to examine different cooling rates and parameters of tempering process. Originality/value: The effect of small additions of W and WC to low alloyed steels, especially in terms of hardenability and wear resistance, was investigated.
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