Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Ocena wydatku energetycznego na stanowisku pracy piekarza metodą chronometrażowo-tabelaryczną wg Lehmanna

100%

Prędecka A. , Węgrzyn M. , Sowa M. , Sulak E.

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tom Nr 59 (3)

137--155

PL

Ocena obejmuje charakterystykę obciążenia fizycznego pracą, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem wydatku energetycznego. Przedstawiono również opis metod, które umożliwiają wyliczenie wydatku energetycznego, główny nacisk kładąc na metodę chronometrażowo-tabelaryczną. Nawiązano również do wartości normatywów higienicznych dotyczących wydatku energetycznego obowiązujących w Polsce. W artykule przedstawiono wyniki pomiaru wydatku energetycznego na stanowisku roboczym – piekarz. Analizę tę wykonano dla mężczyzny oraz dla kobiety, pracujących w czasie tej samej zmiany roboczej (w godzinach 16:00–24:00). Pomiary wydatku energetycznego metodą chronometrażowo-tabelaryczną prowadziły niezależnie dwie osoby. Celem autorów było odniesienie uzyskanych wartości wydatku energetycznego do obowiązujących kryteriów normatywnych. Badania te umożliwiły również porównanie wydatku energetycznego obliczonego wyżej wymienioną metodą przez dwie osoby i przeanalizowanie, jakie są różnice w obliczonych wartościach oraz czym mogły być spowodowane.

EN

The article includes the characteristics of the load of physical work, especially energy expenditure. It also presents a description of the methods that allow to determinate the energy expenditure on the workplace, with the main emphasis on the chronometric-tabular analysis, which have been used in practice. It also refers to the values of hygienic standards on energy expenditure valid in Poland. The article presents the study on the energy expenditure at the – baker’s stand. The analysis was made for men and for women working during the same work shift. The measurements of energy expenditure with the chronometric-tabular analysis by Lehmann were conducted independently by two people. The aim of this study was to analyze the physical effort in order to compare it with the hygienic standards. The studies also allow to compare the energy expenditure calculated by the mentioned method by two independent persons and indicate what are the differences in the calculated values and what could have they been caused by.

2

Metoda oceny pozycji przy pracy z wykorzystaniem rejestracji goniometrycznej

75%

Kamińska J. , Tokarski T. , Liu D.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy : nauka i praktyka

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2000

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tom nr 12

20-23

3

Can Nurses Be Employed in 12-Hour Shift Systems?

75%

Makowiec-Dąbrowska T. , Krawczyk-Adamus P. , Sprusińska E. , Jóźwiak Z. W.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2000

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tom Vol. 6, No. 3

393--403

EN

Nurses are often obliged to work in a 12-hr shift work system. We have decided to check whether such a working system constitutes an excessive load for nurses. On the basis of a questionnaire survey among nurses working in an 8-hr daytime shift system (169 nurses) and in a 12-hr shift (536 nurses), the amount of physical workload, work stress, and after-work activities were compared. Data analysis has shown that a 12-hr shift system is characterized by less significant physical workload but greater mental load. The nurses working in a 2-shift system were more tired after work, but they could spend more time on leisure activities and do housework. The data suggest that there are no significant contraindications for nurses to work in a 2-shift system.

4

Identyfikacja i ocena ryzyka zawodowego spowodowanego obciążeniem narządu ruchu

75%

Horst W.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie

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2001

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tom Nr 30

87--104

PL

W artykule podjęto zagadnienie analizy ryzyka zawodowego spowodowanego sposobem wykonywania pracy. Konsekwencją narażenia na zagrożenia związane ze sposobem wykonywania pracy są schorzenia narządu ruchu. Identyfikacja ryzyka wystąpienia tych schorzeń w związku z ich powszechnością oraz uciążliwością stała się w Polsce wymogiem prawnym. W publikacji przedstawiono zastosowanie metody OWAS do identyfikacji ergonomicznych czynników ryzyka.

EN

The paper deals with the ergonomics risk factors and MSDs symptoms. Identification and asessment of potential symptoms of hazards of Occupational Overuse Syndrom is the aim of paper. OWAS method was applied for evaluation of postural load during work at mechanic computer workstation.

5

Ergonomic evaluation of working position using the REBA method - case study

63%

Pałęga M. , Rydz D. , Wojtyto D. , Arbuz A.

System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment

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2019

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tom Vol. 1, nr 1

61--68

EN

Provision of professional work is very often associated with the worker's exposure to the occurrence of various types of threats. Some of the most important include those related to physical overload. Excessive strain on the musculoskeletal system can lead to muscle, ligament and tendon injuries. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the workplace in terms of its ergonomics. This paper presents the assessment of the load of the worker's movement system using the REBA method, which takes into account the location of: head with neck, torso, lower limb, as well as hands with the wrist, forearm and arm.

6

Low back pain, intervertebral disc and occupational diseases

63%

Petit A. , Roquelaure Y.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2015

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tom Vol. 21, No. 1

15--19

EN

Nonspecific low back pain and sciatica are prevalent diseases among working adults and have become a worrying occupational health issue because they sometimes affect continuation or resumption of employment. Epidemiological studies that based questionnaires on workers' healthcare consumption have shown a higher prevalence of these disorders in certain industrial sectors. Thus, low back disorders are usually more prevalent among workers exposed to cumulative lumbar load such as manual handling, awkward postures of the trunk and whole-body vibrations. In addition, morphological and biomechanical studies have compared disc space narrowing and the intensity of lumbar workload. Although debated, the relationship between disc degeneration and biomechanical work exposures seems to be usually accepted by most authors. In response to a considerable need of prevention and compensation for workers, low back pain and/or disc disease can be recognized as an occupational diseases in several countries but the criteria of recognition remains heterogeneous from one country to another.

7

Analiza struktury wydatku energetycznego kierowców samochodów ciężarowych w czasie realizacji przewozu transportowego

63%

Kiełbasa P. , Juliszewski T. , Zagórda M. , Trzyniec K. , Tlałka K.

Autobusy : technika, eksploatacja, systemy transportowe

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2018

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tom R. 19, nr 6

127--132, CD

PL

W artykule podjęto próbę oceny wielkości wydatku energetycznego kierowców zawodowych samochodów ciężarowych, którzy realizowali przewozy transportowe na trasach tzw. „długodystansowych”. Zakres badań obejmował określenie relacji między ilością uderzeń serca a chwilową sytuacją drogową, rozumianą jako punkt drogi wymagający od kierowcy szczególnej uwagi np.: skomplikowane skrzyżowanie, itp. Badania przeprowadzono w prywatnym przedsiębiorstwie transportowym wykorzystując jako aparaturę pomiarową miernik skurczów serca firmy POLAR oraz mikroprocesorowy miernik wydatku energetycznego WE-4. Na podstawie pomiarów określono wskaźnik rezerwy tętna oraz wydatek energetyczny na podstawie wentylacji płuc. Odnotowano istotne relacje między stopniem trudności sytuacji drogowej a wskaźnikiem rezerwy tętna, co może być wykorzystane przy organizacji pracy kierowcy poprzez dopasowanie przerw do stopnia zmęczenia fizjologicznego.

EN

The scope of work will include the timing of driver's working time (two persons) during the typical working week. Physical load will be determined based on the amount of heart contractions and its interpretation using the WRT index and on the basis of the oxygen consumption determined by lung ventilation. Polar's computer apparatus and software will be used as well as the EC-4 microprocessor energy meter. The comparative analysis will allow to distinguish between the type of activity and the degree of physical strain. In addition, the research should provide an answer to the extent to which physical fatigue affects performance in the case of selected transport tasks. The final result should be a process optimization, where the objective function will be to minimize energy expenditure while maintaining the required work efficiency.

8

Job Level Risk Assessment Using Task Level Strain Index Scores: A Pilot Study

63%

Drinkaus P. , Bloswick D. S. , Sesek R. , Mann C. , Bernard T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, No. 2

141--152

EN

This paper explores 2 methods of modifying the Strain Index (SI) to assess the ergonomic risk of multi-task jobs. Twenty-eight automotive jobs (15 cases and 13 controls) were studied. The first method is based on the maximum task SI score, and the second method is modeled on the NIOSH Composite Lifting Index (CLI) algorithm, named cumulative assessment of risk to the distal upper extremity (CARD). Significant odds ratios of 11 (CI 1.7–69) and 24 (CI 2.4–240) were obtained using the modified maximum task and CARD, respectively. This indicates that modification of the SI may be useful in determining the risk of distal upper extremity injury associated with a multi-task job.

9

Combined Effects of Physical Demands and Shift Working on Low Back Disorders Among Nursing Personnel

63%

Raeisi S. , Namvar M. , Golabadi M. , Attarchi M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2014

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tom Vol. 20, No. 1

159--166

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of physical demands and shift working on low back disorders (LBDs) among nursing personnel. The study used 2 questionnaires: a self-administered questionnaire composed of parts of Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to assess LBDs and job content questionnaire to assess physical demands. The participants were divided into 4 groups: from group 1 (low physical demands day workers) to group 4 (high physical demands shift workers). In regression analysis, high physical demands were associated with the prevalence of LBDs independently (OR 4.4, 95% CI [2.40, 8.00] and p < .05), but there was no association between shift working and LBDs (p > .05). Odds ratio in high physical demands shift workers was 9.33 compared to the reference group (p < .001). Calculated synergistic index was 7.37. Simultaneous impacts of shift working and high physical demands may increase the prevalence of LBDs among nursing personnel.

10

An Evaluation of the NIOSH Lifting Equation: A Psychophysical and Biomechanical Investigation

63%

Elfeituri F. E. , Taboun S. M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

243--258

EN

Using the results of psychophysical and biomechanical experiments, NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) Recommended Weight Limit (RWL), the Lifting Index (LI), the form of the asymmetry multiplier, and the criterion for compression force were investigated. Analysis of the results indicated a significant difference between the NIOSH RWL and the reported Maximum Acceptable Weight of Lift (MAWL). Contrary to the NIOSH lifting equation, the form of the asymmetry multiplier was found to be non-linear. The overall average of peak compression force on the L5/S1 was 3685 N. Fifty-eight percent of all compression forces reported in the biomechanical experiment were found to exceed the suggested 3400 N set by NIOSH guidelines. These results support previous research findings on the validity of NIOSH guidelines.

11

New Equipment to Lighten the Work Load of Construction Workers

63%

Kaukiainen A. , Sillanpaa J. , Lappalainen J. , Viljanen M. , Nyberg M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

209--224

EN

The objective of this study was to determine whether the 4 pieces of equipment for cutting moulding, cutting reinforcement rods, carrying carpet rolls, and fitting drain pipes can lighten the work load of construction work. The results indicate that the effect of using the new ergonomically designed equipment was positive. The cutter for reinforcement rods proved to be useful, bent back postures decreased by 11%. The carrying of carpet rolls became less loading on the lower and upper extremities. According to the men the work load was lower in fitting drain pipes, especially on the lower extremities and in the neck and shoulder region. The conclusion was reached that work load can be decreased with well-planned equipment, but more attention should be given to personal work methods and habits.

12

Upper Limb Load as a Function of Repetitive Task Parameters: Part 2 - An Experimental Study

63%

Roman-Liu D. , Tokarski T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1

103--112

EN

The aim of the study was to compare the theoretical indicator of upper limb load with the physiological indicator of musculoskeletal load, which is present while performing a repetitive task (a normalized electromyography [EMG] amplitude recorded from the muscles of the upper limb involved in the performed task). In an experimental study of a repetitive task, the EMG signal from 5 main muscles of the shoulder girdle, arm and forearm was registered: extensor carpi radialis longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, deltoideus anterior, biceps brachii caput breve and trapezius descendent. The results of the study showed a strong correlation between the theoretical indicator (Integrated Cycle Load) and the physiological indicator (root mean square of a normalized EMG amplitude from the 5 muscles). This proves that the developed theoretical indicator can be accepted as an indicator of upper limb musculoskeletal load during a work task.

13

Upper Limb Load as a Function of Repetitive Task Parameters: Part 1 - A Model of Upper Limb Load

63%

Roman-Liu D.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1

93--102

EN

The aim of the study was to develop a theoretical indicator of upper limb musculoskeletal load based on repetitive task parameters. As such the dimensionless parameter, Integrated Cycle Load (ICL) was accepted. It expresses upper limb load which occurs during 1 cycle. The indicator is based on a model of a repetitive task, which consists of a model of the upper limb, a model of basic types of upper limb forces and a model of parameters of a repetitive task such as length of the cycle, length of periods of the cycle and external force exerted during each of the periods of the cycle. Calculations of the ICL parameter were performed for 12 different variants of external load characterized by different values of repetitive task parameters. A comparison of ICL, which expresses external load with a physiological indicator of upper limb load, is presented in Part 2 of the paper.

14

Driver Workload Response to In-Vehicle Device Operations

51%

Jerome C. J. , Ganey H. C. N. , Mouloua M. , Hancock P. A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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tom Vol. 8, No. 4

539--546

EN

A central concern of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the effect of in-vehicle devices (e.g., cell phones, navigation systems, radios, etc.) on driver performance and safety. As diverse and innovative technologies are designed and implemented for in-vehicle use, questions regarding the presence and use of these devices assume progressively greater importance. Further concerns for advanced driver training require us to develop and validate reliable and effective procedures for assessing such effects. This work examines a number of candidate procedures, in particular the evaluation of change in cognitive workload as a strategy by which such goals might be achieved.

15

The Relationships Between Biomechanical and Postural Stresses, Musculoskeletal Injury Rates, and Perceived Body Discomfort Experienced by Industrial Workers: A Field Study

51%

Stuebbe P. , Genaidy A. , Karwowski W. , Kwon Y. G. , Alhemood A.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

259--280

EN

A combination of archival, subjective, and observational field data collection methods were used to investigate the relationship between biomechanical and postural stresses, and the resulting physical strain experienced by industrial workers of a packaging plant. Assessment of physical strain was based on the number and incidence rate of Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA)-reportable injuries that were recorded over a period of 27 months, and based on the self-reported ratings of perceived body discomfort. Both the biomechanical and postural stresses correlated with the musculoskeletal injury rate. The results illustrate the usefulness of postural and biomechanical analyses for assessing the risk of injury in industry.

16

A Study of the Workload of Underground Trammers in the Ranigang Coal Field Area of West Bengal, India

51%

Dey N. C. , Samanta A. , Saha R.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2006

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tom Vol. 12, No. 4

399--407

EN

Thirty healthy trammers were examined in underground haulage mines during their normal activity. Physiological strain in terms of heart rate (HR) varied between 101.6 and 104.7 beats/min with mean net cardiac cost of 33.06 and 34.06 beats/min for younger and older groups respectively. The average relative cardiac cost was lower for younger subjects than for older ones. Oxygen consumption (VO2) was measured with an Oxylog-II machine (UK); subsequently values were estimated. Maximum aerobic capacity was estimated with an indirect method following a standard step test protocol. The responses revealed that the average VO2 during the activity was 0.75 and 0.8 L/min, which corresponded to energy expenditure (EE) of 3.8 and 3.97 Kcal/min for younger and older subjects respectively. The workload in terms of HR and EE was moderate, whereas the aerobic strain experienced by aged workers was above the acceptable level.

17

Interaction of Physical and Mental Work

51%

Singh S. , Aghazadeh F. , Ray T. G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2002

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tom Vol. 8, No. 4

451--463

EN

The objective of the research was to determine the effect of mental load on the physical capacity of an individual. An experiment involving 9 combinations of lifting tasks, 1 lowering task, and 3 treadmill tasks was conducted. Heart rate was measured and maximum acceptable weight of lift was determined using the psychophysical method. A simple multiplication task was used as the mental load. The output variables were determined with and without the mental task. The results indicate that the individual’s physical capacity decreased with the mental task while lifting from floor to knuckle and shoulder to reach lifting heights.

18

Job Level Risk Assessment Using Task Level ACGIH Hand Activity Level TLV Scores: A Pilot Study

51%

Drinkaus P. , Sesek R. , Bloswick D. S. , Mann C. , Bernard T.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2005

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tom Vol. 11, No. 3

263--281

EN

Existing upper extremity musculoskeletal disorder analytical tools are primarily intended for single or monotask jobs. However, many jobs contain more than 1 task and some include job rotation. This case/control study investigates methods of modifying an existing tool, the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Hand Activity Level (HAL) Threshold Limit Value (TLV), to assess the upper extremity risk of multi-task jobs. Various methods of combining the task differences and ratios into a job level assessment were explored. Two methods returned significant odds ratios, (p < .05) of 18.0 (95% CI 1.8–172) and 12.0 (95% CI 1.2–120). These results indicate that a modified ACGIH HAL TLV may provide insight into the workrelated risk of multi-task jobs. Further research is needed to optimize this process.

19

Reasons for Applying Innovations for Scaffolding Work

51%

Jong A. M. , Molen H. v. d. , Vink P. , Eikhout S. , Koningsveld E.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

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2003

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tom Vol. 9, No. 2

161--175

EN

In this paper reasons for applying and for not applying technical and organizational innovations in scaffolding work are studied. In a participatory ergonomic approach these innovations were developed to reduce problems concerning physical load of scaffolders. In this study reasons for the adoption of the innovations in the scaffolding sector are evaluated in 2 studies, in 48 companies. More than half of the scaffolding sector in the Netherlands adopted the innovations. Reasons for applying innovations concerned improvement of work and health and satisfaction with usage. The reason for not applying the innovations concerned specific situations, such as offshore work, in which innovations were not applicable.