Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Lipids and signal transduction in the nucleus.

100%

Dygas A. , Barańska J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2001

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tom 48

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nr 2

541-549

EN

During the last few years a growing amount of data has accumulated showing phospholipid participation in nuclear signal transduction. Very recent data strongly support the hypothesis that signal transduction in the nucleus is autonomic. Local production of inositol polyphosphates, beginning with the activation of phospholipase C is required for their specific function in the nucleus. Enzymes which modify polyphosphoinositols may control gene expression. Much less information is available about the role of other lipids in nuclear signal transduction. The aim of this minireview is to stress what is currently known about nuclear lipids with respect to nuclear signal transduction.

2

ROLE OF OLIGOCHITOSANS IN REGULATION OF CELLULAR ACTIVITY AND LOCATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE (PK) ISOENZYME M2 THAT AFFECTS PROLIFERATION OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS (EAT)

80%

Ignacak J. , Wiśniewska-Wrona M. , Pałka I. , Niekraszewicz A.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2013

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tom 18

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nr 18

67-76

EN

The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 originating from the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of tumor cells, with its highest affinity to the 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (2-PEP) and sensitivity to L-cysteine, contributes to an increased generation of energy as ATP, necessary for tumor cell proliferation. In the presence of L-cysteine, the isoenzyme M2 PK demonstrates the activity of histone kinase, transferring the phosphoryl group from 2-PEP to the ε-amine residue of the H1 histone lysine. Oligochitosans induce expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS), what results in an increased synthesis of nitric oxide, which reacts with L-cysteine and produces L-S-nitrosocysteine. Lack of L-cysteine contributes to inhibition of kinase activity of the H1 histone, an M2 PK isoenzyme. Decreased phosphorylation of the H1 histone contributes to inhibition of EAT cell proliferation. No effect on proliferation of normal cells that include the PK M1 isoenzyme has been observed in the presence of oligochitosans.

3

Dynamical Landau-Vlasov model as a source generator for Hanbury-Brown-Twiss correlations

80%

Basrak Z.

Nukleonika

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1998

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tom Vol. 43, nr 3

337-344

EN

The Landau-Vlasov semi-classical dynamical model with its recent extension has been applied as a source generator for the evaluation of neutron-neutron correlations of the Hanbury-Brown-Twiss type. The correlation function calculated for the Ar + Au collision at 60 MeV/nucleon displays sensitivity to the reaction dynamics.

PL

W pracy zastosowano półklasyczny model dynamiczny Landaua-Vlasova z najnowszymi rozszerzeniami jako generator źródła do analizy korelacji neutron-neutron typu Hanbury-Brown, Twiss. Funkcja korelacyjna wyznaczona dla zderzenia Ar+Au przy energii 60 MeV/nukleon wykazuje zależność od dynamiki reakcji.

4

ROLE OF OLIGOCHITOSANS IN REGULATION OF CELLULAR ACTIVITY AND LOCATION OF PYRUVATE KINASE (PK) ISOENZYME M2 THAT AFFECTS PROLIFERATION OF EHRLICH ASCITES TUMOR CELLS (EAT)

80%

Ignacak J. , Wiśniewska-Wrona M. , Pałka I. , Niekraszewicz A.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

|

2013

|

tom 18

|

nr 18

67-76

EN

The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme M2 originating from the nucleoplasm and cytoplasm of tumor cells, with its highest affinity to the 2-phosphoenolpyruvate (2-PEP) and sensitivity to L-cysteine, contributes to an increased generation of energy as ATP, necessary for tumor cell proliferation. In the presence of L-cysteine, the isoenzyme M2 PK demonstrates the activity of histone kinase, transferring the phosphoryl group from 2-PEP to the ε-amine residue of the H1 histone lysine. Oligochitosans induce expression of the inducible nitric oxide synthase gene (iNOS), what results in an increased synthesis of nitric oxide, which reacts with L-cysteine and produces L-S-nitrosocysteine. Lack of L-cysteine contributes to inhibition of kinase activity of the H1 histone, an M2 PK isoenzyme. Decreased phosphorylation of the H1 histone contributes to inhibition of EAT cell proliferation. No effect on proliferation of normal cells that include the PK M1 isoenzyme has been observed in the presence of oligochitosans.

5

Influence of a quadrupole nucleus of the signal of an adjacent to it 1/2 spin nucleus in high resolution NMR spectra of liquid samples

80%

Gryff-Keller A.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Chemistry

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1998

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tom Vol. 46, No. 1

105-115

EN

In high resolution NMR spectra of liquid samples a signal of a nucleus A (I =1/2) scalar coupled with a higher spin nucleus X reflects the relaxation properties of the latter nucleus. This signal may have the form of a singlet or a more or less resolved multiplet with characteristic relative broadenings of individual lines. Recently some spectroscopic effects, earlier predicted by theory, which manifest themselves in unsymmetrical lineshapes of the signal of A, have been reported. Measurements of the scalar relaxation of the second kind or the lineshape analysis of the A signal may provide valuable information on molecular structure and dynamics. In this paper the above phenomena have been reviewed and illustrated with experimental examples.

6

Regulation of nuclear phospholipase C activity.

80%

Manzoli L. , Billi A. M. , Martelli A. M. , Cocco L.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2004

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tom 51

|

nr 2

391-395

EN

A body of evidence, linking inositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) to the nucleus, is quite extensive. The main isoform in the nucleus is PI-PLCβ1, whose activity is up-regulated in response to insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) or insulin stimulation. Whilst at the plasma membrane this PI-PLC is activated and regulated by Gαq/α11 and Gβg subunits, there is yet no evidence that qα/α11 is present within the nuclear compartment, neither GTP-γ-S nor AlF4 can stimulate PI-PLCβ1 activity in isolated nuclei. Here we review the evidence that upon occupancy of type 1 IGF receptor there is translocation to the nucleus of phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) which phosphorylates nuclear PI-PLCβ1 and triggers its signalling, hinting at a separate pathway of regulation depending on the subcellular location of PI-PLCβ1. The difference in the regulation of the activity of PI-PLCβ1mirrors the evidence that nuclear and cytoplasmatic inositides can differ markedly in their signalling capability. Indeed, we do know that agonists which affect nuclear inositol lipid cycle at the nucleus do not stimulate the one at the plasma membrane.

7

Lipids and signal transduction in the nucleus

80%

Dygas A. , Baranska J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2001

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

EN

During the last few years a growing amount of data has accumulated showing phospholipid par tic i pa tion in nu clear sig nal transduction. Very re cent data strongly sup port the hy poth e sis that sig nal transduction in the nu cleus is au to nomic. Lo cal pro duc tion of inositol polyphosphates, be gin ning with the ac ti va tion of phospholipase C is required for their specific function in the nucleus. Enzymes which modify poly- phosphoinositols may control gene expression. Much less information is available about the role of other lipids in nuclear signal transduction. The aim of this minireview is to stress what is cur rently known about nu clear lipids with re spect to nu clear sig nal transduction.

8

Dedicated sites of gene expression in the nuclei of mammalian cells

80%

Jackson D. A. , Iborra F. , Pombo A. , Kimura H.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2000

|

tom 05

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nr 2

9

Law and order in the nucleus: dynamics of replication factories in living cells

80%

Cardoso M. C. , Rahn H. P. , Sporbert A. , Leonhardt H.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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2000

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tom 05

|

nr 2

10

Nuclear lamins, intermediate filaments of the nucleus: nuclear targeting and membrane association

80%

Hofemeister H. , Firmbach-Kraft I. , Stick R.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

|

1997

|

tom 02

|

nr 2

11

Accumulation of poly(A) RNA in the Cajal bodies and nucleus

70%

Rudzka M. , Kolowerzo A. , Smolinski D.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2014

|

tom 56

|

nr 1

12

Aldolase A is present in smooth muscle cell nuclei

70%

Mamczur P. , Dzugaj A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2008

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tom 55

|

nr 4

799-805

EN

Previously we have shown that aldolase (ALD; EC 4.1.2.13) is present in cardiomyocyte nuclei. Now, we focused our attention on ALD localization in smooth muscle cells. Immunocytochemical methods were used to study the subcellular localization of ALD. Aldolase was localized in the cytoplasm as well as in the nuclei. Within the nuclei ALD was located in the heterochromatin region. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by aldolase activity staining in gel was used to study the ALD isoenzyme pattern in porcine smooth muscle cells. Two ALD isoenzymes, A and C, were found in these cells but in the nuclei only the muscle isoenzyme was detected. To support the nuclear localization of ALD, measurement of aldolase activity in the smooth muscle cell nuclei isolated from porcine stomach was performed. The ALD activity in the isolated nuclei was detectable only after preincubation of the nuclear fraction with Triton X-100 and high concentration of KCl.

13

The neuronal structure of the mamillary nuclei in guinea pig: Nissl, Kluver-Barrera and Golgi studies

70%

Robak A.

Folia Morphologica

|

2000

|

tom 59

|

nr 2

EN

The neurons of the mamillary body of adult guinea pigs were classified into four types: Type 1 — unidendritic cells with rounded perikarya (7–16 µm) and one thick primary dendrite, mostly dividing into tortuous secondary branches; Type 2 — bipolar cells: curly or simple ones with fusiform perikarya (13–22 µm); the curly-bipolar neurons possess 2 primary dendrites which may divide, even into tertiary dendrites, but each of them runs in screw-like or bending patterns; the simple-bipolar neurons have slender dendrites following a more straight route; Type 3 -multipolar cells with cap-like perikarya (10–20 µm) and 2–3 dendritic trunks originating from the base of the perikaryon and running in a wavy pattern; sometimes their dendrites possess spiny-like protrusions; Type 4 — multipolar cells with triangular or quadrangular perikarya (13–28 µm) and 3–4 dendritic trunks, poorly ramified, having a rather rectilinear course. In all types of neurons, dendritic spines are absent or rare. The majority of these neurons have a short impregnated axon originating from the perikaryon or primary dendrite.

14

Cytoskeletal connections between the nucleus and cell cortex in Amoeba proteus: a scanning electron microscope study

70%

Wasik A. , Grebecka L. , Grebecki A.

Acta Protozoologica

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2000

|

tom 39

|

nr 3

15

A morphometric study of the amygdala in the common shrew

70%

Rowniak M. , Szteyn S. , Robak A.

Folia Morphologica

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2004

|

tom 63

|

nr 4

EN

The characteristic features of the common shrew amygdala (CA), as shown by volumetric comparisons of the individual nuclei, are the poor development of the lateral (LA) and basomedial (BM) nuclei as well as the particularly strong formation of the basolateral (BL) and lateral olfactory tract (NLOT) nuclei. The central (CE), cortical (CO) and medial (ME) nuclei are also well organised in this species. All these features are even more distinctly visible when the total number of neurons in the nuclei referred to are compared. A comparison of the densities of neurons in the individual nuclei with the mean numerical density of cells in the CA indicates that there are the 3 different regions within the common shrew’s CA. The densities of neurons in the LA, BL, and BM are significantly lower than the mean density of cells in the CA (p < 0.05). In the CE this value does not differ from the mean (p > 0.05). In the CO, ME and NLOT the density values are significantly higher than the mean (p < 0.05). Furthermore, a similar division of the shrew’s CA can, to some extent, be performed using the size parameters of the amygdaloid neurons as a marker. Interestingly, the large neurons populate less densely organised CA areas like the LA, BL and BM, whereas the small cells populate the ME and NLOT, where the neurons are densely arranged. The CE and CO occupy intermediate positions, with the neurons similar in size to the mean for the shrew’s CA.

16

Autonomous replication of wheat DNA sequence in isolated wheat nuclei

70%

Szurmak B. , Buchowicz J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

1997

|

tom 44

|

nr 1

EN

A fragment of wheat nuclear DNA was shown to be able to replicate autonomously in wheat nuclei. The fragment was 637-bp long and contained telomeric repeats at both termini. Its replication was manifested by the appearance of a radioactive reaction product of the same approximate size. Further analyses showed that the linear, double-stranded réaction product was labelled along its entire length and contained the same number of similarly located HaelR sites as did the fragment tested. Prokaryotic DNA remained twlabelled under the same assay conditions.

17

Building highways of communication within the nucleus

70%

Hutchison C. J. , Ellis D. , Jenkins H. F. , Kill I. R. , Whitfield W. G. F. , Smythe C. G.

Cellular and Molecular Biology Letters

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1997

|

tom 02

|

nr 2

18

Further research on Chara spermiogenesis

70%

Kwiatkowska M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

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2000

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

19

Oogenesis in Hymenoptera: Are accessory nuclei responsible for the localization of snRNPs?

70%

Bilinski S. M. , Kloc M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica. Supplement

|

2000

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

20

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and aminoacylation of tRNA in the nucleus

70%

Mucha P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2002

|

tom 49

|

nr 1

EN

This review is focused on findings concerning the presence of translation apparatus components (aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, aminoacyl-tRNA, elongation factors) as well as translation itself in the nucleus. A nuclear role of these molecules is unknown. New findings suggest that well-accepted model of spatial segregation of transcription and translation in eukaryotic cell may be oversimplifcation. Nuclear coupling of both these processes show us how exciting and surprising may be the world of the living cell.