Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Los sintagmas nominales como determinadores Temporales del enunciado en Espańol

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Rodríguez-Escalona G. F.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2009

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tom 19

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nr 1

36-49

EN

In Spanish, the temporal determination of utterances is expressed by means of adverbs, time clauses or noun phrases containing three types of nouns. One of them is endowed with inner temporality: nouns expressing a period of time. Their way of representing time imparts some specific characteristics to them. On the one hand, they can determine utterances without using any preposition, on the other, their determination, whether quantified or not, of the phrases of which they are the nucleus, determines its durative or non–durative character in an immediate way. Nonetheless, these basic nuances are modified when they are part of more complex structures. What is more, telicity can only be expressed by means of these quantified nouns, which must be preceded by the preposition en. The temporal characteristics of nouns, particularly of those expressing periods of time, lead to reconsidering the role of time within categorial meanings.

2

The position of negative adjectives in Aelfric’s Catholic Homilies I .

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Grabski M.

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tom 13

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nr 4

392-402

EN

In Old English, negative adjectives, i.e. incorporating the negative prefix -un, are said to generally come in postposition to nouns (e.g. Fischer, 2001; Sampson, 2010). This paper investigates to what extent this general rule is followed in Aelfric’s Catholic Homilies, the texts of this author being a typical choice for the study of Old English syntax (cf. Davis 2006; Reszkiewcz, 1966; Kohonen, 1978). The data have been obtained from the York-Toronto-Helsinki Parsed Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE). The following research questions have been formulated: Do strong negative adjectives outnumber nonnegated adjectives in postposition? Do strong negative adjectives have a tendency to appear in postposition? Do strong negated adjectives occur in preposition? The results indicated that for the sample analyzed, strong adjectives in postposition are not predominantly negated. Additionally, the postposition of most of those which are may potentially be explained by other factors, such as modification by a prepositional phrase, co-occurrence with a weak preposed adjective (both mentioned by Fischer), or indirect Latin influence in a formulaic phrase. Also, the data does not appear to support the observation that negated adjectives tend to appear in post- rather than preposition.

3

Identyfikacja rodziców stanu chłopskiego we wrzesińskich księgach chrztu z lat 1700–1725

100%

Sieradzki A.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2011

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tom 18

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nr 1

129-142

PL

The study focuses on nominal groups referring to parents of peasant origin excerpted from Września-based baptismal registers (liber baptisatorum). The fundamental aim of the study is to show to what extent the folk population in the region was identified solely on the basis of a name and to what extent was the identification based on a combination of the name and the surname. It is also important to indicate whether the identification process included other elements of the noun phrase based on anthroponimic stems. Further on, it is also important to determine what type of additional and auxiliary identifying determinators are to be found with the appearing anthroponymic element. The observations done so far demonstrate that the two-element paradigm for personal identification (already common in nominal groups with reference to members of nobility and to burghers) of people that belonged to the peasantry, is used in the texts under scrutiny only to a very low degree. As the numerical data suggests, more than 80% of parents are identified by the second name only. Additional identifying elements do occur, however, in groups based on names (without the surname element). The study demonstrates that the localyzing determinator is dominant. Determinators indicating occupation, type of craft made and the current occupation of the person are also frequent. The groups under consideration also include determinators that indicate economic status of the person, though they are much rarer. The situation changes in groups with an additional surname determinator. Here, there are only two types of the determinator to be found: localizing determinator and one that indicates the economic status of a given person.

4

Was markiert jener?

100%

Feret M. Z.

Beiträge zur allgemeinen und vergleichenden Sprachwissenschaft

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2018

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nr 7

45-56

EN

This paper is a study of the meaning and use of the demonstrative jener in the contemporary German. The aim of this paper is to perform a corpus analysis of selected excerpts from texts including noun phrases with the demonstrative jener. All the examples are extracted from online versions of the weekly newspaper „Die Zeit“ published in 2018. The analysis carried out in this article intends to investigate how often and in what sense the demonstrative jener is currently in use.

5

Postpositives in English: in search of adjectives available

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Šaldová P.

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2021

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tom 31

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nr 2

137-160

EN

Single postpositive adjectives as a minor type of noun postmodification in English are surveyed using a corpus sample to assess their retrievability, to provide an overview of the morphematic types, and their register distribution. Applying an ancillary test of positional mobility to characterize the postpositive occurrences, four broad groups are delimited. Postmodification by a-adjectives and adjectives in terminological compounds is infrequent, whereas the majority of the sample is constituted by adjectives in -able/-ible and in -ed, whose post-head position involves changes in semantic meaning, as well as occurrences which cannot be accounted for by the constraints stipulated in grammars. The frequency and patterning of available, responsible or necessary call for a re-evaluation of the function of postposition, encompassing all frequent forms and taking into account reference and other textual factors.

6

Rozgraniczenie jako ograniczenie. Na przykładzie badań nad szykiem przydawki przymiotnej we współczesnej polszczyźnie

88%

Szumska D.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2015

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nr Numer Specjalny

141-150

EN

The article examines the problem of migration of so-called classificatory adjectives in modern Polish, that can be used both pre- and post-nominally in NPs, such as e.g. drukarka atramentowa and atramentowa drukarka ‘ink printer’. It contributes to the discussion initiated by J. Linde-Usiekniewicz (2013), the purpose of which is to verify the results of research into reordering of the constituents of Polish NPs, conducted by Cetnarowska, Pysz, Trugman (2011) and Rutkowski, Progovac (2005). It is claimed that an explanation of this phenomenon must take into account the pragmatic determinant of word order flexibility. A number of facts indicate that the following principles play a crucial role in the reordering of NPs: the iconicity principle, more specifically, the “iconicity of sequence” (or “sequential order”) which holds that a sequence of forms conforms to the sequence of experience and, in this particular case, the hierarchical categorization; and the principle of presumed absorption which shows a strong correlation between the adjectival sequences in NPs and the presence of the evaluative predicative, for example nowoczesna drukarka atramentowa vs. nowoczesna atramentowa drukarka ‘modern ink printer’.

7

Looking for Cognitive Foundations of Functional Sequences

88%

Marušič F. L. , Mišmaš P. , Žaucer R.

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nr Special Volume 1

53-75

EN

With the multiplication of various functional projections, syntactic structures became very complex entities. Approaches like Cartography (e.g. Cinque and Rizzi 2008) went one step further than most other approaches, proposing that each sentence comprises of a number of universal, strictly ordered functional projections. In the noun phrase, the strictly ordered functional projections are said to be responsible not only for the relative order of numerals, demonstratives and nouns (cf. Cinque 2005), but also for the universal order of various types of adjectives (cf. Hetzron 1978; Sproat and Shih 1991; Cinque 1994; Scott 2002, etc.). Cinque and Rizzi (2008) discuss possible origins of the many hierarchies of functional projections and suggest that they might derive from general cognition. If cognition and its restrictions are behind the hierarchy of functional projections, then the order of projections hosting adjectives should be reflected in various non-linguistic cognitive processes. We designed several experiments to test this hypothesis. Our experiments did not confirm our hypothesis; but as we have also identified problems in the design of our experiments, our results do not warrant a clear rejection of the hypothesis either.

8

Linearisierungsmöglichkeiten und Kasuszuweisung in deverbalen Nominalphrasen. Ein deutsch-polnischer Vergleich

87%

Aptacy J.

Glottodidactica

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2010

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tom 36

9-19

EN

In the following paper German and Polish deverbal noun phrases will be examined in respect to the linearization of their constituents. The point of departure will be the adjacency condition which is obligatory in the Genitive DPs in German, but optional in Polish. In other words, Polish displays more linearization possibilities than German. In addition to adjacency which is conditioned by grammar also communicative factors and text grammar condition the linearization of DPs. Constituents with a higher comment value tend to appear as far to the right of the deverbal noun as possible, while topic constituents stand closer to the noun.

9

L'article comme exposant de l'aspect ? La valeur aspectuelle du SN et la valeur aspectuelle d'une collocation verbo-nominale

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Muryn T.

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nr 1

49-62

EN

The definition of aspect as a semantic category enables aspectual analysis of the NP to be carried out. Noun phrases are viewed as aspectually equivalent to VPs. In both cases, the analyses are likely to be conducted along the same set of principles of aspectual decomposition. The point is to ascertain whether and how the category of aspect may contribute to the contrastive description of articles between a language with no articles and an article-language.

FR

The definition of aspect as a semantic category enables aspectual analysis of the NP to be carried out. Noun phrases are viewed as aspectually equivalent to VPs. In both cases, the analyses are likely to be conducted along the same set of principles of aspectual decomposition. The point is to ascertain whether and how the category of aspect may contribute to the contrastive description of articles between a language with no articles and an article-language.

10

Noun Phrase Modification in Middle English Culinary and Medical Recipes

75%

Bator M. , Sylwanowicz M.

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tom 10

39-55

EN

Although noun phrase modification and its evolution in early English writings have been the subject of many scholarly discussions, none of them has compared the use of noun phrases in the same text-type (= recipes) directed at different audiences. Thus, the present paper investigates the use of noun phrase modifiers in Middle English culinary and medical recipes. The study explores possible conditioning factors which may have influenced the use of pre- and post-modifiers in the two types of instructions written in the 14th and 15th centuries. Among others, the following questions will be considered: (i) which modification patterns prevailed in the examined material? (ii) was there any link between the type of the instruction and the choice of modifiers? (iii) did the modification patterns change over time? The corpus for the analysis consists of almost 2,300 recipes, which encompasses culinary and medical samples of approximately equal length.

11

Slovosled zájmen v nominální frázi v Husově české a latinské korespondenci

63%

Navrátilová O.

Bohemistyka

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2024

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tom 24

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nr 1

31-50

EN

The paper focuses on analyzes of the word order of the nominal phrase in the correspondence of Jan Hus. The main focus is on the comparison of the word order of Czech and Latin nominal phrases, especially on the comparison of the word order of possessive pronouns, demonstrative pronouns and totalizers. We then compare the obtained results with the situation in Old Czech.

CS

Příspěvek se zaměřuje na analýzu slovosledu jmenného výrazu v korespondenci Jana Husa. Hlavní pozornost je věnována srovnání slovosledu českých a latinských nominálních frází, zejména pak srovnání slovosledu přivlastňovacích zájmen, ukazovacích zájmen a totalizátorů. Získané výsledky pak porovnáváme se situací ve staré češtině.

12

Catégorie grammaticale du SN : analyse du nombre dans le corpus d’apprenants lituaniens

63%

Kazlauskiene V.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2019

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nr 19

157-174

EN

In French, the morphological category of the number is manifested by specifiers or an alteration of the forms of lexemes throughout the nominal phrase, thus presenting a certain difficulty for Lithuanian learners. We have analyzed this grammatical category in the written productions of Lithuanian learners in FLE through the study of the difficulties encountered by them, general tendencies of their forms of employment in written language (frequency and omission in the employment of the different elements) and their influence on the quality of the written language itself.

FR

En langue française, la catégorie morphologique du nombre se manifeste par des spécificateurs ou une altération des formes des lexèmes dans tout le syntagme nominal, présentant ainsi une certaine difficulté pour les apprenants lituaniens. Nous avons analysé cette catégorie grammaticale dans les productions écrites des apprenants lituaniens en FLE à travers l’étude des difficultés rencontrées par ces derniers, des tendances générales de ses formes d’emploi en langue écrite (fréquence et ommission dans l’emploi des différents éléments) et de leur influence sur la qualité de la langue écrite même.

13

Abbreviation noun phrases at the intersection of abbreviation and syntactic motivations

51%

Gavurová M.

Białostockie Archiwum Językowe

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2021

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nr 21

23-41

PL

Celem artykułu jest opis fraz rzeczownikowych mających w swojej strukturze akronim oraz pełen (nie będący skrótowcem) człon rzeczownikowy. Autorka artykułu bazuje na teorii motywacji z jej postulatem o zróżnicowanych typach motywowania. O ile powstawanie skrótowców motywowane jest abrewiacją, struktury składniowe takie jak nominaty powstają w drodze motywacji syntaktycznej. W artykule wyróżnia się i omawia osobliwe cechy fraz rzeczownikowych tautologicznych (numer PIN), semi-tautologicznych (karta SIM) i objaśniających (platforma GPRS) czy skrótowców wieloczłonowych (port USB). Wskazuje się też na wielofunkcjonalność każdego z wymienionych typów oraz produktywność skrótowców w tworzeniu nowych jednostek leksykalnych. Ta cecha sprawia, że skrótowce postrzegane są jako uniwersalne środki formułowania nowych terminów specjalistycznych, a tym samym jako jednostki wybitnie przydatne w budowaniu baz terminologicznych danego języka.

EN

The paper focuses on acronym-based noun phrases, i.e. noun phrases consisting of an abbreviation and a non-abbreviated lexeme. The author works with the theory of lexical motivation which presumes the existence of several types of motivation, including abbreviation and syntactic motivation. While abbreviations are formed by means of abbreviation motivation, syntactic constructions such as noun phrases are formed by means of syntactic motivation. Both types of motivation are dominant in the forming of abbreviation noun phrases. The author distinguishes and explains the differences between tautological (PIN number), semi-tautological (SIM card) and explicative noun phrases (GPRS platforms) as well as abbreviation multi-word units (USB port). The paper points out manifold functionality of each type of abbreviation noun phrase/multiword unit and presents abbreviations as productive means of forming new constructions and lexemes. Their versatile character makes abbreviations universal forms for coining new expressions of terminological character and thus contributing to multiple terminological databases of languages.

14

The verb in a Czech sentence: How do foreign learners of the Czech language perceive the structure of a Czech sentence?

51%

Koudelíková T.

Bohemistyka

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2023

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nr 1

90-108

EN

The aim of this paper is to illustrate through two sentences how foreign learners perceive the structure of the Czech language. Respondents were asked to write answers on how the language works, what the syntactic relations of the sentence members are, and why the chosen words have their concrete forms with respect to the whole clause. The survey collected answers of a wide range of respondents with respect to both the number of years of studying the Czech language and their native language. After a brief introduction to the Czech language focusing mainly on the syntactic and morphological properties that were at the center of attention in this survey, the chosen survey questions are analyzed. It turned out that learners of the Czech language were willing to participate in this survey; in total the respondents provided answers in 95.7 % of cases, which helped to get more exact results. It emerged that respondents of the survey fully answered the questions correctly in 52.7 % of cases. The remaining 47.3 % of responses were either wrong or incomplete depending on the form of the question. The results of this survey lead us to the conclusion that it might be worth focusing more on the system of morphology and syntax while teaching Czech for foreigners. The complete list of answers with respect to the number of years of studying the Czech language is attached in the appendix.