One of the most important criteria dividing countries on developed and developing is technological level of the economy which is a derivative of R&D. We showed in the article, that only a rather small group of voivodships was characterized by a full efficiency of converting the expenditure into effects. Low values of efficiency indices pay attention for all ineffective provinces. It won’t be possible to say about none of them, that it found near the efficiency border which accompanied by large differences between decision making units. The non-radial DEA model showed that both the internal expenditures (in converting into the thousand residents) and the personnel employed in the R+D work are not used efficiently and what’s more in the considerable degree wherein a first of said inputs research units managed by a little more effectively.
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W "klasycznych" wariantach metody DEA (np. CCR czy super-efficiency DEA) nakłady są całkowicie komplementarne i nie ma ich substytucji. Bierze się to z tego, że mnożnik poziomu nakładów jest jednolity dla wszystkich nakładów. W artykule wskazano na możliwość uwzględniania substytucji nakładów poprzez wprowadzenie różnych mnożników dla różnych nakładów, co jest charakterystyczne dla tzw. non-radial (nieradialnej) DEA, opracowanej w swoim czasie przez Dysona i Thanassoulisa (1992). Zaproponowano prosty miernik substytucji, oparty na mnożnikach nakładów.
EN
Classic DEA models (e.g. CCR or super-efficiency DEA) assume that inputs are complementary and there is no substitution of inputs. The lack of substitution is a result of using the same input multiplier for all inputs. The author indicates that there is a possibility of including the substitution of inputs by using individual multiplier for each input. This is a chcaracteristic of so-called non-radial DEA, which was proposed by Dyson and Thanassoulis (1992). The author presents some simple measures of substitution which are based on individual multipliers of inputs: substitution range, substitution index, substitution intensity. The substitution index describes what change of initial structure of inputs is needed to reach the optimal technology. The substitution intensity describes the velocity of necessary decrease of one input induced by an increase or not as fast as expected a decrease of the second input. Another characteristic of substitution is a substitution line which the estimation of which is also proposed by the author.
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