Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Diversified fertilization and its effect on yields and the content of mineral nitrogen forms in soil and ground water

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Barszczewski J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 62, nr 3

13--20

EN

Studies were carried out in a field experiment in the years 2009-2012 on a permanent productive meadow situated on peatmuck soil of the Biebrza Experimental Farm. The aim was to identify the effect of various types and intensities of fertilisation (with cattle manure and liquid manure) on botanical composition of the sward and the content of mineral nitrogen forms in soil. Mineral nitrogen was applied in three doses (N/I - 60, N/II - 90 and N/III - 120 kg N·ha-1). The lowest N dose was accompanied by fertilization with phosphorus and potassium at a rate of 30 and 60 kg ha-1, respectively. Nitrogen fertilisations II and III were supplemented with P (45 and 60 kg P ha-1, respectively) and with K (90 and 120 kg ha-1, respectively). Fertilization with cattle manure and liquid manure was also applied in amounts corresponding to those used with mineral fertilisation. Obtained results showed progressing floristic changes resulting from different forms of fertilisers and increased moisture, which affected yield forming potential in a range from 6 to 9 t dry mass ha-1. Nitrogen fertilisation (with liquid manure or mineral N) at a rate of 90 kg N ha-1 resulted in the increase in N-NO3 in soil layer below 20 cm depth in 2012. In the variant fertilised with 120 kg N ha-1, irrespective of its form, a distinct increase in nitrate content was noted in all soil layers below 20 cm depth, which indicated the leaching of nutrient. Concentrations of mineral forms of N (N-NO3 and N-NH4) in ground water tended to increase in plots fertilised with mineral nitrogen irrespective of its does.

PL

Badania prowadzono na doświadczeniu łanowym w latach 2009-2012 w ZD Biebrza na wieloletniej łące produkcyjnej na glebie torfowo-murszowej. Celem badań było rozpoznanie wpływu różnych rodzajów i poziomów nawożenia (w tym obornika i gnojowicy bydlęcej) na skład botaniczny runi, plonowanie łąki oraz zawartości mineralnych form azotu w glebie Nawożono azotem w trzech różnych dawkach (N/I - 60, N/II - 90 i N/III - 120 kg N·ha-1), przy czym w najmniejszej dawce stosowano nawożenie fosforem (w ilości 30 kg P·ha-1), a potasem (60 kg K·ha-1) w podanych dawkach, a wraz ze wzrostem azotu odpowiednio nawożono fosforem w ilości od 45 i 60 kg P·ha-1, a potasem - 90 i 120 kg K·ha-1. Stosowano także nawożenie obornikiem i gnojowicą w ilości odpowiadającej nawożeniu mineralnemu. Uzyskane wyniki wskazywały na postępujące zmiany florystyczne, wynikające z formy stosowanego nawożenia oraz wzrostu uwilgotnienia, kształtujące potencjał plonotwórczy stosowanego nawożenia - od ok. 6 do 9 t s.m.·ha-1. Na skutek wzrostu nawożenia do 90 kg N·ha-1 notowano wzrost zawartości N-NO3 w 2012 r. w warstwach gleby poniżej 20 cm na skutek nawożenia gnojowica oraz formą mineralną. Na poziomie 120 kg·ha-1 niezależnie od formy, stwierdzono wyraźny wzrost zawartości azotu (N-NO3) we wszystkich warstwach gleby poniżej 20 cm, co świadczy o jego wymywaniu. Z przeprowadzonej oceny stężeń mineralnych form azotu (N-NO3 i NNH4) w wodzie gruntowej wynika tendencja ich wzrostu na obiektach nawożonych nawozami mineralnymi niezależnie od poziomu nawożenia.

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Nitrogen management in spring barley depending on the use of growth regulators and their mixtures with magnesium sulphate

100%

Nogalska A. , Czapla J.

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tom 12

3

Response of Soft Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) to Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers in a Semi-Arid Rainfed Mediterranean Climate Area of Morocco

84%

Amine E. M. M. , Karima S. , El Houssine E. M.

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tom Vol. 24, iss. 7

229--236

EN

Reasoned fertilization is an essential element of the agroecological approach, which aims first and foremost to improve soil and plant growth. The objective was to examine how slow-release nitrogen fertilizer will perform on the wheat productivity compared to conventional quick-release nitrogen fertilizers. A slow-release nitrogen cover fertilizer Duramon (24% N) was applied to soft wheat and compared to conventional nitrogen fertilizers as well as the local farmer practices. A randomized complete blocks design was adopted with four replications and four sites and repeated during three cropping seasons. Stand density, plant canopy height, tillers/plant, spikes/plant, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index were evaluated. Compared with conventional quick-release nitrogen fertilizers, the slow-release nitrogen significantly (P≤0.05) improved tillering, spikes/plant, canopy height, biological yield, grain yield and harvest index. It achieved an average total biomass and grain yields of 3220 kg DM/ha and 978 kg/ha, respectively. The average gains for total biomass and grain yields were 14% and 21%, respectively. However, when compared with the local farmers’ practices, the gains obtained were significantly higher, with 123% and 175% for the slow-release N fertilizer and 95% and 128% for the conventional quick-release N fertilizer, respectively. The harvest index was improved by N application, rising from 25% in local controls up to 30% for slow-release N fertilizers. In conclusion, compared with conventional quick-release nitrogen fertilizers and local practices, the use of slow-release fertilizers with less units of nitrogen applied significantly improved spikes number, biological and grain yields and harvest index, even in dry years.