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4
Content available remote Response of soil nematodes to climate-induced melting of antarctic glaciers
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EN
Nematode colonization and establishment of nematode communities on icefree areas created by the recession of Antarctic glaciers were studied on the Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) No. 128 (Western coast of Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands Islands). Soil samples were taken along three transects marked between sea shore and Ecology Glacier, Baranowski Glacier and Windy Glacier and assigned to four age-class intervals: 0-7, >7-29, >29-52 and >52 years after the retreat of the glaciers. Changes in nematode communities, in terms of abundance, diversity and trophic structure were related to the duration of the ice-free period. The abundance of nematodes increased with the age of ice-free areas. The highest numbers of nematodes were found on the sites free of ice for more than 52 years. Taxonomic and trophic diversity of nematodes on these sites was also significantly higher in comparison to the rest sites. Nematode communities on the sites from the first three age-class intervals were poor in genera (up to 6 genera) while on the oldest sites in total 16 genera of nematodes were found. A trend of increasing the number of nematode trophic groups along the age classes was also apparent - from community of nematodes belonging to only two trophic groups (bacterial and fungal feeders) on younger ice-free sites to more complex community of nematodes (belonging to five trophic groups), at the oldest sites.
10
81%
PL
Przedstawione wyniki dotyczą badań przeprowadzonych wiosną 2009 roku na polu uprawnym i ugorze. Przeanalizowano parametry zespołów nicieni glebowych, takie jak zagęszczenie, skład taksonomiczny, struktura troficzną i struktura dominacji. Obliczono również wskaźniki różnorodności Shannona-Weavera, podobieństwa Sørensena oraz dojrzałości zespołów. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że zespoły nicieni w glebie pola uprawnego różniły się od tych na ugorze pod względem zagęszczenia i struktury troficznej. Zagęszczenie nicieni było większe w glebie uprawnej niż na ugorze. Wśród pięciu grup troficznych stwierdzonych w badaniach najliczniejsza była grupa nicieni bakteriożernych. Większe zagęszczenie tej grupy w glebie ornej niż na ugorze świadczy o pozytywnej reakcji nicieni bakteriożernych na zwiększone zasoby pokarmowe po zastosowaniu obornika. Wykazano również, że zespoły nicieni na odłogu, po trzech latach ugorowania, były bardziej dojrzałe i róznorodne niż na polu.  Uzyskane wyniki potwierdziły, że wybrane parametry i wskaźniki zespołów nicieni glebowych można z powodzeniem wykorzystywać do oceny stanu środowiska glebowego na terenach przekształconych w wyniku działalności człowieka.
EN
The results presented here concern the study, which was carried out in  the spring of 2009 on an arable field and a fallow. Following parameters were analysed: density, taxonomic composition, trophic and dominance structure of soil nematode communities. Shannon-Weaver diversity index, Sørensen’s index of similarity and Maturity index were also calculated. The results show that the nematode community in the soil of arable field differed from that on the fallow in respect of density and trophic structure. Nematode density was higher in the arable soil than in the fallow. The group of bacterial-feeding nematodes was the most numerous among five trophic groups recorded in the study. The higher density of that group in the arable soil than in the fallow indicates the positive response of bacterial-feeding nematodes to the higher nutrient supply after the manure applying. The results show that in three years of fallow nematode communities became more mature and diverse than in the arable soil. The study confirms the indicative value of some nematode community parameters and indices for the assessment of the varying human intervention on the functional state of the soil.
EN
The response of soil nematodes to simulated in spring, summer and autumn periods of warming and drought were studied in a grassland mesocosm experiment. The abundance, diversity and some community parameters of nematodes were analysed at different times after the end of the extreme events – 170 days after the spring treatment, 90 days after the summer treatment and 22 days after the autumn treatment. Among studied parameters the abundance of nematode trophic groups, taxonomic richness and diversity were found to be sensitive to changes in the soil system caused by extremes. Our results showed that warming and drought did not cause predictable shifts in nematode communities. Moreover the extremes’ after-effect was not unidirectional with time. The periods of warming and drought induced a positive or negative long lasting influence on nematodes, and the outcome seems to depend on season, the nematode trophic group or even the nematode taxon.
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