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Functional properties of neem oil as potential feedstock for biodiesel production

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Bhandare P. , Naik G. R.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

2015

tom 07

Fossil fuel resources are decreasing daily while biodiesel fuels are attracting increasing attention worldwide as blending components or direct replacements for diesel fuel in vehicle engines. In this experiment the seed oils of 30 Neem (Azadirachta indica. A. juss) biotypes were screened and evaluated for their physio-chemical parameters for oil content, biodiesel yield, density, viscosity, iodine value , free fatty acid and saponification value. Hence the neem seed oil tested in this current study could be the potential sources of raw material for biodiesel production.

Recent developments in Neem (Azadirachta indica – A. Juss) derived antimicrobial constituents for control of human and plant diseases – a review

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Dohroo A. , Karnwal A. , Ghai M.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

2016

tom 70

220-223

Neem has immense biocontrol potential against a large number of pathogens causing various diseases in human beings and plants. The plant has maximum useful value in its leaves, bark,, flowers and fruits than any other tree species. These values include antiallergic, antidermatic, antifeedent, antifungal and anti-inflammatory properties. Due to the vast activities of neem, it has become extremely valuable in making our ecosystem a green treasure. Neem leaves have been demonstrated to exhibit immuno-modulatory, anti-inflammatory, antiulcer, antimalarial properties. Neem tree plant parts contain a promising pest control substance which has found effective use against economically important agricultural pests. Neem plant products are easy to process by village level industries on the micro scale level and use by resource poor farmers in crop protection resulting thereby in income generation. This plant also has antioxidant properties and free radical scavenging potential in its different extracted solvents. The present review highlights the properties of neem against the pathogens of living organisms for environmental protection.

Impregnating storage materials with neem seed oil against Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Bruchinae) in Stored Bambara Seeds (Vigna subterranean L.) Verdcourt

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Ojiako F. O. , Zakka U. , Dialoke S. A. , Ahuchaogu C. E. , Nnebue O. M. , Izuogu C. P.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

2016

tom 52

Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) seed oil (NSO) is acclaimed to have some form of insecticidal action against more than 400 insect species in at least 10 to 13 orders. The main delimitating factor in the wide acceptance of this well tested plant as a storage pest bioinsecticide is its foul sulfurous smell and bitter taste which impinges on the acceptability and marketability of treated produce. To ameliorate this shortfall, therefore, an assessment of the potential of impregnating different storage materials; [plastic containers (PLC), Bagco bags (BCB), Black polyethylene bags (BPB), white polyethylene bags (WPB) and calico bags (CAB)], with NSO in the management of Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) in stored Bambara seeds (Vigna subterranea L.), was conducted in the laboratory. The experiment was laid out in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement fitted into a completely randomized design (CRD). Factor A represented four concentrations of NSO (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 1.50 ml/ 100g seed), while factor B were the five different storage materials. The treatments were replicated four times Generally, seeds stored with impregnated storage materials recorded more bruchids mortality, reduced oviposition rate, decreased number of emerged insects (F1 and F2) and had less damaged seeds (and hence decreased weevil perforation index, WPI) than the control. Concentration performance was dose related though the highest (1.50 %) did not differ statistically (P=0.05) from the medium (1.00 %) concentration. Seeds stored in BPBs had the highest mortalities, but recorded the lowest in number of eggs oviposited, egg/seed ratio, F1, F2 and cumulative emergence, respectively. These results differed significantly (P=0.05) with the seeds stored in other materials. BPB stored seeds were also the least damaged with lowest exit holes/seed, seeds with holes and WPI, respectively. The performance of BPB was closely followed by seeds stored in WPBs in all the parameters tested. Conversely, seeds stored in BCBs recorded the lowest mortalities but the highest in all other parameters assessed. Other storage materials (PLC and CAB) had better storage quality than BCB materials. Impregnation of storage materials with NSO could be a better option to direct seed application with its attendant drawback. The use of NSO impregnated black polyethylene bags, within the scope of the storage materials screened, to control damage by C. maculatus in stored Bambara seeds, should be encouraged.