Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Negotiating - strategies, course and rules

100%

Bekier I.

|

nr 1

EN

The article discusses the issue of negotiations. Its author presents definitions and basic conditions governing the course of negotiations, and characterizes the strategy applied in the agreement reaching process. Additionally, the article depicts key rules of negotiations based on the essence and the course of the very process of negotiations. The author underlines the importance of the development of a negotiation strategy, which should account for an alternative taken into consideration in the absence of agreement and pays attention to the most essential factors, which help to reach the negotiations’ objective.

2

Evaluation and Analysis of the Implementation Process of the Use of Rail Transport in Military Transport Using Flexsim Software

86%

Pawlisiak M. , Smalcuga K. , Waśniewski T.

|

tom Vol. 57-58, No. 1-2

115-130

EN

In the realities of modern battlefield, training of soldiers is crucial, therefore it is so important to develop an optimal concept of moving troops by rail transport, for exercises and training in peacetime. Using the simulation of the implementation of rail and road transport, it is possible to analyse and meet the needs of the selected relationship of individual stages of the process studied. Simulation model allows to state that it serves as an illustrative, training element and an element showing some results with changeable situations, therefore it can be a solution for training and making critical decisions for competent commanders.

3

Desirable directions of development in ergonomic designing of rehabilitation devices conditioned on the needs of disabled people

72%

Kabsch A.

|

tom Spec.

4

Ad minimum. Profesor Andrews w Warszawie Olgi Tokarczuk jako opowieść o potrzebach

72%

Gralewicz-Wolny I.

|

nr 1

137-149

EN

This article proposes to consider Olga Tokarczuk’s short story Profesor Andrews w Warszawie [Professor Andrews Goes to Warsaw] from the volume Gra na wielu bębenkach [Playing on Many Drums] as a tale of a journey to what could be called the starting point of the culture of moderation. It is a record of a process where the protagonist gets lost in a foreign city (and language) and is forced to limit the needs that make up the classic pyramid developed by the American psychologist Abraham Maslow, with his physiological needs taking over and emerging as the involuntary ultimate goal of his journey. In the context of the culture of moderation, Professor Andrews arises as a peculiar example of an individual who applies reduction strategies and eventually arrives at the conclusion that if something does not condition the existence as such it is essentially redundant. While not devoid of a Cathartic element, the drama presents a character stripped off of all attributes of his previous status, juxtaposing them with the deficit of consumer goods in Poland during the martial law as a still valid perspective for questions about possession and (well-)being. Although the current slogans calling for a reduction of human needs tend to focus on nature, which finds it increasingly more difficult to endure our consumerist debauchery, the direction set by the culture of moderation remains unchanged.

5

The need for modifying energy intake in preschool children from Pila, Poland

72%

Merkiel S. , Chalcarz W.

|

nr 2

EN

Background. Monitoring energy intake in preschool children is the basis for planning intervention programmes. The published articles in which energy intake in Polish preschool children was reported are still very few. Objective. The objective was to assess energy intake in preschool children from Piła, including energy intake and intake of energy from macronutrients. Material and Methods. Energy intake was assessed from weighed food records kept over seven consecutive days by preschool staff and parents of 122 children, 61 girls and 61 boys, aged 4 to 6 years. Energy intake was calculated using Dieta 4.0 and Microsoft Excel computer programmes. Weight and height were measured and BMI was calculated. Statistical analysis was carried out using the IBM SPSS Statistics 21 computer programme. Results. Energy intake was the lowest in underweight children, 1286 kcal, and the highest in obese children, 1636 kcal. Energy intake (kcal, kJ, kcal/kg body weight, kJ/kg body weight) and intake of energy from sucrose (%) were statistically significantly higher in boys compared to girls, 1546 vs 1428 kcal, 6477 vs 5985 kJ, 77 vs 71 kcal/kg body weight, 322 vs 298 kJ/kg body weight, and 21.2 vs 19.7%, respectively. Intake of energy from starch was statistically significantly higher in girls compared to boys, 24.8 vs 23.4%. It is noteworthy that energy intakes from fat and saturated fatty acids were above the recommendations in 71.3% and 98.4% of the studied preschool children, respectively. Energy intakes from polyunsaturated fatty acids and available carbohydrates were below the recommendations in 98.4% and 57.4% of the studied preschool children, respectively. Conclusions. Energy intakes from macronutrients in the studied preschool children need urgent modification to prevent the risk of future diet-related diseases. Preschoolers’ parents and preschool staff should be educated about nutrition recommendations for children, especially about dietary risks of diseases and impaired neurodevelopment.

PL

Wprowadzenie. Monitorowanie spożycia energii przez dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym jest podstawą planowania programów interwencyjnych. Do tej pory opublikowano niewiele prac poświęconych ocenie spożycia energii przez polskie dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym. Cel. Celem badań była ocena spożycia energii przez dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym z Piły, z uwzględnieniem spożycia energii i spożycia energii z makroskładników. Materiał i metody. Spożycie energii oceniono na podstawie bieżącego notowania spożywanych produktów, potraw i napojów przez siedem kolejnych dni przez personel przedszkolny i rodziców 122 dzieci, 61 dziewczynek i 61 chłopców, w wieku 4 do 6 lat. Spożycie energii obliczono przy użyciu programów komputerowych Dieta 4.0 oraz Microsoft Excel. Zmierzono masę ciała i wysokość ciała oraz obliczono BMI. Statystyczną analizę wyników przeprowadzono przy pomocy programu komputerowego IBM SPSS Statistics, wersja 21. Wyniki. Spożycie energii było najniższe u dzieci z niedowagą, 1286 kcal, a najwyższe u dzieci otyłych, 1636 kcal. Spożycie energii (kcal, kJ, kcal/kg masy ciała, kJ/kg masy ciała) oraz spożycie energii z sacharozy (%) były statystycznie istotnie wyższe u chłopców niż u dziewczynek, odpowiednio, 1546 vs 1428 kcal, 6477 vs 5985 kJ, 77 vs 71 kcal/kg masy ciała, 322 vs 298 kJ/kg masy ciała, i 21,2 vs 19,7%. Spożycie energii ze skrobi było statystycznie istotnie wyższe u dziewczynek niż u chłopców, 24,8 vs 23,4%. Warto zwrócić uwagę, że spożycie energii z tłuszczu i nasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych było wyższe niż zalecane u, odpowiednio, 71,3% i 98,4% badanych dzieci. Spożycie energii z wielonienasyconych kwasów tłuszczowych i węglowodanów przyswajalnych było niższe niż zalecane u, odpowiednio, 98,4% i 57,4% badanych dzieci. Wnioski. Spożycie energii z makroskładników przez badane dzieci wymaga pilnej modyfikacji, aby zapobiec wystąpieniu chorób dietozależnych w przyszłości. Rodzice badanych dzieci oraz personel przedszkolny powinni być objęci edukacją z zakresu zaleceń żywieniowych dla dzieci, a zwłaszcza z zakresu żywieniowych czynników ryzyka chorób oraz zaburzonego rozwoju układu nerwowego.

6

Needs: Value in Command

72%

Rodríguez-Herrera A.

|

nr 3

69-80

EN

This paper reviews one of the mechanisms with which capital weaves a new type of subjection of the human being, the production of needs. Unlike other living beings, whose needs are determined by their biology, the human beings are the fruit of the so-cial relations that they establish within their culture. Humans need objects, but their needs arise through the objects called to satisfy them, objects that in capitalist society are capital—value in the process of valorisation. In this way, need is itself a product of capital, and capital thus appears as a force that imposes itself on the human being from within, not only in the labour process but in the very constitution of the human needing being. The article discusses the triple human condition that gives rise to this phenome-non—the objective being (the need for the object), the being of desire (the need beyond the object) and the object’s being (the need as product of object). The paper concludes that capitalist market, that civilizing force that gives rise to the modern, autonomous individual, reduces freedom to a simple means of capital valorisation.

7

Odpowiedzialność za bliźnich w potrzebie w kontekście kategorii ordo caritatis (z uwzględnieniem problemu migracji)

71%

Bartoszek A.

|

nr 1(21)

59-72

EN

The article analyzes, present in the Christian tradition from St. Augustine, category ordo caritatis. Presents it from a historical perspective and makes an attempt to show that it is current, as well as shows the possibility of referring it to problems of migration in the contemporary world. The article emphasizes that category ordo caritatis was invoked whenever it was necessary to answer the question: how and who we should help in a situation when we cannot help them all? The author argues that the category ordo caritatis is still current (in a spirit of the conciliar reform) and can be related to contemporary problems of migration. This category prevents from being driven in the process of helping by only emotions, recalls the need for rational actions and the need for logic and order.

PL

Artykuł analizuje, obecną w tradycji chrześcijańskiej od św. Augustyna, kategorię ordo caritatis. Przedstawia ją z perspektywy historycznej i podejmuje próbę wykazania jej aktualności, a także możliwości odniesienia jej do współczesnych problemów migracyjnych. W artykule zauważa się bowiem, że kategorię ordo caritatis przywoływało się zawsze wtedy, gdy trzeba było znaleźć odpowiedź na pytanie: Jak i komu pomóc w sytuacji, kiedy nie można pomóc wszystkim? Autor przekonuje, że kategoria ordo caritatis jest stale aktualna (także w duchu soborowej odnowy) i może być odnoszona do współczesnych problemów migracyjnych. Kategoria ta zabezpiecza przed kierowaniem się w procesie pomagania jedynie emocjami i przypomina o konieczności racjonalności działań i konieczności zachowania w nich logiki oraz porządku.

8

Kilka słów o designie

58%

Fross K. , Siódmok Ł.

|

tom R.22, nr 9

24--26