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Toward a Critique of Nationalism as a Theory of the Nation-State

100%

Ghosh M.

nr 1

57-66

The concern of this paper is to critique the political conception of nationalism as a theory of the nation-state. The basic point of the critique is that when the interests of the nation and the principles of the state coincide there emerges a fierce sense of national identity which endangers moral indifference to outsiders, the people within and outside the national boundary, without remorse. Here the attempt to uphold national identity is something more than nationhood. Besides involving territorial identity, common language, custom and culture essential to the idea of a “nation,” it also upholds the consciousness of these as determining separate rights and allegiances, the idea of attachment to a nation and its interests. Such a consciousness can emerge only on the adoption of certain populist ideas such as racism, ethnicity and even such popular elusive myths as the “greatness” of a nation, the urge for the maintenance of “national character,” etc. Such “nationalist xenophobia” leads to the intensification of the distinction between the “own” and the “other,” “national” and the “alien,” the “citizen” and the “migrant” leading to “ethnic disharmony,” “colour bias,” hatred and suspicion of persons with whom one has lived closely as neighbours for decades. The most popular is the economic discourse of the “migrants” putting the “nationals” out of work. All this has its toll on multi-culturalism and humanitarian concerns. Many affluent nations have become cold to human misery, suffering and deaths from wars, terrorism, acute poverty, political persecution, environmental degradation, etc. This has created an “existential” crisis for millions of people on earth. Hence, the paper visualizes that some form of universalism should be revived against extreme individualism of nation-states to envisage the beginning of a new era stronger in the pursuit of justice and more secure in the quest of peace, an era in which nations of the world can prosper and live in harmony. In developing the critique of the nation-state, this paper has dwelt on the views of Rabindranath Tagore on nationalism and those of Hannah Arendt on the fusion of the state and the nation.

Nowoczesna Litwa – czy istniała alternatywa dla modelu państwa narodowego?

100%

Staliūnas D.

tom 125

nr 2

Niniejszy artykuł to próba wyjaśnienia, czy program litewskiego ruchu narodowego w końcu XIX i na początku XX w. rzeczywiście zawierał alternatywę dla modelu społeczeństwa/państwa narodowego, jak często twierdzi historiografia litewska. Prowadzone badania pokazują, że litewski ruch narodowy, podobnie jak większość etnonacjonalizmów w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej, był zorientowany na model państwa narodowego.The present article seeks to explain whether the programme of the Lithuanian national movement of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century included an alternative to the model of nation state, as has often been argued in the Lithuanian literature on the subject. Research reveals that the Lithuanian national movement, like a majority of ethnic nationalisms in Central and Eastern Europe, was oriented towards the model of thenation-state.

Eu’s post-national stake. nationalism vs. multiculturalism

100%

Brăilean A.

nr 1

51-64

How to reconcile a European identity that is still quite indefinite with the national identities that have been engines of development, but failed to resolve the issue of ensuring peace and eliminating war as a way of settling differences? Solving the problem of European identity vs. national state identity is the cornerstone for the development of new European institutional architecture. The more the future vision of Europe promotes a deeper integration of the current European nation states, the greater is the fear of the latter to the “danger” of losing its identity. What is, in fact, this identity and would be its disappearance a great disaster? How can be lost the national identity and how it could be replaced by a European identity? Here are just some troubling questions that Europeans today consciences.