Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Efektywność wydatków na gimnazja

100%

Jakubowski M.

Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics

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2007

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tom 220

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nr 11-12

85-113

EN

The paper offers an empirical analysis of the effectiveness of spending on junior high schools in Poland on the basis of students’ performance during external exams in 2002-2006 and Central Statistical Office (GUS) data on local government budgets. The study makes use of multilevel models, including an “educational value-added model.” Even though the methods used by the author do not make it possible to determine the exact cause-and-effect relationships involved, they are more reliable than methods used in most previous studies of this kind in Poland. The results obtained by Jakubowski suggest that, under the existing institutional arrangements, the total expenditure of Poland’s central and local governments per student has no influence on the average increase in knowledge among junior high school students. Greater spending neither upgrades the quality of education nor helps equalize educational opportunities, Jakubowski concludes. These findings carry a clear message for decision makers and local government officials responsible for educational policy showing that their policies do not necessarily contribute to an increase in the country’s human capital stock. Further investment in the national education system requires a rethinking of the effectiveness of individual measures, Jakubowski says. At the same time, he adds that further research is needed to look for more effective educational programs to improve the quality of education in Poland.

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75%

Karpiński Z.

ASK. Research and Methods

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2014

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tom 23

5-34

EN

In social surveys, questions are often asked as to what subjects think people in various occupations actually earn and what they think these people should earn. Responses to these questions figure prominently in sociological studies on legitimacy of inequality and perceptions of justice. In the present study, responses to these questions are employed as well, but the major focus is on investigating the effects, if any, the way these questions are asked affects estimates of actual and just earnings provided by the subjects. More specifically, two hypotheses are proposed, the first of which concerns the association between actual and just earnings, as perceived by subjects, as a measure of legitimacy. It is argued that changing the order in which questions about the earnings are asked affects the strength of this association. A substantive justification for this hypothesis borrows from reward expectation theory and its concept of referential structures. The second hypothesis deals with between-subject agreement in the evaluations of just earnings and it proposes that the agreement may appear weaker or stronger depending on how the occupations to be evaluated by subjects have been selected. This hypothesis builds on expectations states theory, in particular, on status-processing principles in status-inconsistent situations.

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Multi-level models of transport systems for traffic management

75%

Jamroz K. , Oskarbski J. , Birr K.

Logistyka

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2014

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tom nr 4

2897--2906

EN

Na obszarze województwa pomorskiego stosowane są różne narzędzia prognozowania i analiz transportowych, które mogą być zasilane, kalibrowane i aktualizowane danymi, które będą zbierane i gromadzone w systemie TRISTAR. Katedra Inżynierii Drogowej Politechniki Gdańskiej wyszła z inicjatywą opracowania i wdrożenia zintegrowanego, hierarchicznego systemu prognoz i analiz transportowych MST (Wielopoziomowy Model Systemów Transportowych). Kluczowym elementem takiego modelu będzie możliwość pozyskiwania i wykorzystywania danych z systemu TRISTAR.

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Využití víceúrovňových modelů při analýze kontextuálních efektů míry ekonomické aktivity na podporu přerozdělování v komparativních longitudinálních datech

75%

Petrúšek I.

Sociologický časopis. Czech Sociological Review

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2024

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tom 60

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nr 1

67-93

EN

This article studies the links between a country’s labour force participation rate and attitudes towards income redistribution. The article also demonstrates how to specify a multilevel model when analysing contextual effects and it presents several types of random effects structures and options for centering explanatory variables in comparative longitudinal survey data. The contextual effect is decomposed into longitudinal and cross-sectional components for time-varying contextual variables, such as the labour force participation rate. The analysis of redistribution support based on ESS data from 27 countries and nine rounds shows how fundamentally the mentioned properties can influence substantive conclusions. The analyses presented in this article do not provide any evidence for a link between redistribution support and the labour force participation rate. However, the hypothetical configurations of multilevel models presented here cover all possible substantive effects of the labour force participation rate. Contextual effects analysis may thus lead to highly unreliable results when a multilevel model fails to control for the compositional effects of individual-level predictors, when it does not specify random effects at the level to which a substantial variation of the outcome variable may be attributed, and when it does not distinguish between the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of time-varying variables.

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Hardening laws in miltilevel crystal plasticity models and macro effects of complex cyclic loading

51%

Volegov P. S. , Trusov P. V. , Gribov D. S. , Shveykin A. I.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Rzeszowskiej. Mechanika

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2014

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tom z. 86 [290], nr 4

639--649

EN

The problem of constructing a physically based hardening laws of mono- and polycrystalline samples in multi-level theories using crystal plasticity is considered, these hardening laws should allow describing the process of the defect structure evolution of the material due to the intensive inelastic deformations. It is also should be applicable to the description of complex and cyclic loading. An approach to the construction of a general and a particular form of hardening law is proposed, which takes into account the interaction of full and split dislocations with each other, forming and destruction of dislocation barriers, annihilation of dislocations during reverse loading and the interaction of intragranular and grain boundary dislocations. Using the obtained hardening law, the known experimental effects of complex and cyclic loading are described.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problem budowy fizycznie uzasadnionych praw umocnienia próbek mono- i polikrystalicznych w wielowymiarowych teoriach plastyczności krystalicznej. Rozważane prawa umocnienia powinny pozwalać na opis procesu rozwoju struktury uszkodzenia materiału spowodowanej intensywnymi odkształceniami niesprężystymi. Powinny również umożliwiać na opis złożonych i cyklicznych obciążeń. Zaproponowano podejście do budowy ogólnej i szczegółowej postaci prawa umocnienia, które uwzględnia wzajemne oddziaływanie dyslokacji pełnych i wieloczęściowych, kształtowanie i niszczenie barier dyslokacyjnych, anihilację dyslokacji podczas procesu przeciwnego obciążania, oddziaływanie dyslokacji wewnątrz ziarnowych oraz występujących na granicach ziarn. Wykorzystując otrzymane prawa umocnienia, określono znane skutki eksperymentalne złożonego i cyklicznego obciążania.