Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Crisis of Multilateralism and International Security

100%

Zazuliak Z. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Urbański D. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J. , Bryc A. , Bojarczyk B. , Jorgensen F. A. E. , Niedziołka D. , Pacześniak A. , Potorski R. , Wincławska M. , Włodkowska-Bagan A. , Jeran A. , Mol A. , Solsbery A. , Dąbrowska I. , Głodkowski M. , Kopcewicz G. , Olszanecka N. , Piechowiak-Lamparska J.

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nr 2 (2)

PL

Since the Second World War multilateralism has become a mechanism of dealing with threats to international peace and security, the implementation of Security Council decisions and principles of the UN Charter. However, the response of international organizations to these threats is often criticized in the scientific community. This paper aims to investigate whether multilateralism is now facing crisis in terms of its effectiveness, legitimacy, and equality, particularly in decision- making process and implementation of institutional decisions.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14762

2

Militarne zaangażowanie Niemiec w Afryce – wybrane aspekty

89%

Kruk A.

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nr 13

243-256

EN

The subject of the research is change of Germans policy towards Africa in security area from culture of restraint to the responsibility policy (proposal of president Joachim Gauck and security minister Ursula von der Leyen). German security policy towards Africa based on multilateralism and allied obligations. Germans society tends to be skeptical about effectiveness of sending german armed forces to Africa.

PL

W artykule analizowano zmiany polityki Niemiec wobec Afryki w obszarze bezpieczeństwa, które cechuje odchodzenie od kultury wstrzemięźliwości w kierunku polityki odpowiedzialności, postulowanej m.in. przez prezydenta Joachima Gaucka oraz minister ds. obrony Ursulę von der Leyen. Niemiecka polityka bezpieczeństwa wobec Afryki opiera się na zasadzie multilateralizmu i wynika ze zobowiązań sojuszniczych, mimo że niemieckie społeczeństwo sceptycznie ocenia skuteczność wysyłania żołnierzy do Afryki.

3

Narodziny i koniec (?) wieku Ameryki: Wilsonizm i jego spuścizna a międzynarodowa strategia Stanów Zjednoczonych

88%

Podraza A.

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2020

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nr 3 (376)

105-124

EN

The main goal of the article is to analyse continuity and change in American foreign policy with a particular emphasis on the concept of President Woodrow Wilson and its impact on the international strategy of the United States during World War II, the beginning of the Cold War and after it. The article puts forward the thesis that the concept of Woodrow Wilson was not created in a vacuum and although it brought to an end the era based on the Farewell Address of President George Washington’s from 1796, it fits very well in the tradition of thinking about the American nation and its mission, as well as with other elements that form the basis of the U.S. international activities. Wilsonianism, understood as liberal internationalism, has been a very influential concept in the development of American foreign policy for decades and contributed during World War II to the rise of the American era in international politics. Due to the transformation of the global order after the end of the Cold War and in view of the presidency of Donald Trump, the question of the end of the American century may be considered. In analysing the U.S. foreign policy, the author takes into account both the liberal theory, referred to by Woodrow Wilson, as well as realism that can be associated with Wilson’s predecessor, President Theodor Roosevelt.

4

One Belt, One Road: new framework for international relations?

88%

Brona A.

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tom 4

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nr 2

54-76

XX

Since 2013 “One Belt, One Road” (OBOR, also “Belt and Road Initiative”) has been one of the most commonly used terms in public discourse regarding Chinese foreign policy. This show the importance of the initiative to the Chinese leaders, particular president Xi Jinping. The enterprise consists of two parts: The Silk Road Economic Belt and The 21st-century Maritime Silk Road. The article aims to consider the future development of the project. The analysis of Chinese documents, statements of political leaders, and expansion of the project from 2013 to mid2017 was employed in order to assess possible outcomes of the policy. The results of the study lead to three conclusions. Firstly, OBOR is becoming an umbrella term for different regional development strategies across Eurasia, Africa and perhaps beyond. Those strategies include many aspects, ranging from economy, through security, science to environmental protection. Secondly, OBOR became the cognitive framework, a paradigm, for international relations – the way that people perceive them. Thirdly, the introduction of the initiative may be the beginning of China in the role of architect of new global institutions and rules. However, the rapid expansion of OBOR, both in term of quantity of participants as well as various aspects of cooperation, may lead to ineffectiveness of the initiative.

5

Development Prospects of International Criminal Police Organization Interpol

88%

Safjański T.

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tom 7(2)

267-278

EN

The article presents considerations related to future directions of Interpol’s development, that is one of the criticalinstitutions of the global security system. Development directions are determined before all by Member States’ assessmentof effectiveness and legality of Interpol’s operational activities. However, in comparison to the practical cooperationof police forces vast improvement is required in relations to legal sphere of Interpol. There is no doubt that the effectivenessof the Interpol. The organisation operating in transnational dimension has to possess a proper legal status. Interpol,in the opinion of some experts in the field of international law, does not have the optimal legal solutions and the appropriateratio for the national law of the Member States. The weakest point of Interpol is outdated and ineffective legal basis foraction. For this reason, the sine qua non conditio for the further development of Interpol is to provide the organisation withspecific legal position, which would be proper to the uniqueness of tasks that are being carried out (including the adoptionof appropriate solutions for the privileges and immunity of Interpol and its staff in a uniform manner in all the MemberStates). There is also a need to harmonize internal normative acts of the organization — including the Constitution of Interpoland the General Regulations, the interpretation of which causes a lot of confusion regarding the legal status and the natureof membership in Interpol.

6

El regionalismo abierto y su renovación teórica: una agenda analítica

63%

De la Reza G. A.

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nr 16

207-229

ES

El regionalismo abierto, el enfoque integracionista en boga desde ha¬ce dos décadas en América Latina, muestra una serie de características clave que se destacan del viejo regionalismo y enmarcan los elementos de análisis de la agenda de su necesaria renovación. Para su definición, se propone el estudio de la estrate¬gia empleando cinco variables distintas: las nociones centrales, compatibilidad con la OMC, la preeminencia de las zonas de libre comercio, el nivel de instituciona¬lización y la integración concéntrica

EN

Open regionalism, the integrationist approach in vogue for two decades in Latin America, shows a number of key features that stand out from the old regionalism and frame the analytical elements of the agenda for its necessary renewal. For its definition, this article proposes to study the strategy using five distinct variables: the central notions; compatibility with the WTO, the preeminence of free trade areas, the level of institutionalization, and the concentric integration

7

External policy of the European Union as a late-Westphalian political innovation

63%

Rewizorski M.

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nr 16

7-19

PL

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest bliższe spojrzenie na politykę zewnętrzną Unii Europejskiej jako późnowestfalską innowację polityczną. W artykule przyjęto, że aktywność zewnętrzna Unii Europejskiej wykracza poza klasyczne ramy polityki zagranicznej, która jest zwykle uznawana za atrybut państwa, a sama UE jako podmiot hybrydowy, formułuje i realizuje politykę zewnętrzną. Ta ostatnia ma charakter normatywno-funkcjonalny, co oznacza, że podstawę obecności UE w świecie stanowi zbór określonych zasad, narzędzi i struktur organizacyjnych pozwalających na działania, które nie tylko uzupełniają politykę zagraniczną państw członkowskich, ale także wykraczają poza jej ramy. Późnowestfalska polityka zewnętrzna Unii Europejskiej opiera się na trzech filarach – multilateralizmie, normatywnej plastyczności, hybrydowości, które rozpatrywane kolektywnie tworzą obraz aktywności UE wykraczającej poza model klasycznej dyplomacji i współpracy międzypaństwowej.

EN

This article looks at the European Union’s external policy as a late-Westphalian political innovation. The article assumes that the external activity of the European Union goes beyond the classical framework of foreign policy, which is usually considered an attribute of the state, and the EU itself, as a hybrid entity, formulates and implements external policy. The latter has a normative and functional character, which means that the basis of the EU’s presence in the world is a set of specific rules, tools and organizational structures allowing for actions that not only complement the foreign policy of the member states but also go beyond its framework. European Union’s late-Westphalian external policy is based on three pillars – multilateralism, normative plasticity, and hybridism, which when considered collectively create an image of the EU’s activity beyond the model of classical diplomacy and interstate cooperation.

8

Priorytety polityki zagranicznej Stanów Zjednoczonych jako hegemona w unicentrycznym międzynarodowym systemie politycznym

51%

Wordliczek R.

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nr 6

130-158

EN

The end of the Cold War which took place at the turn of the 1980s and the 1990s caused the political changes in the world and created a new political hierarchy. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and communist block United States became the lonely superpower. The article presents evolution and the new aims of the U.S. foreign policy. The main questions of the research are: what is the role of the superpower as the United States in the contemporary global political system? What is the right of the United States to be treated in the special way by other actors of the world’s international relations? In which cases the contemporary global hegemonic state has right to act in different regions of the world? Finally, what instruments (unilateralism, multilateralism) should the U.S. use to act in the international arena? For complete answers of these questions author analyzed the presidency of G. Bush, B. Clinton and G. W. Bush.

9

Multilateralism as Germany’s Response to Change in International Order in the 21st Century

51%

Dobosz-Dobrowolska J.

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2019

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nr 1

87-101

EN

The change of paradigms defining the foreign policy of the main centers of power: the US, Russia and China, along with the subsequent transformation of relations between these powers, determined global relations. They have transformed the political order and, due to the change of the canon of values and norms desirable in international relations, have seriously undermined the foundations of formal and legal order. Article deals with Germany’s attitude to the changes in the international order. The aims of the research process are: Identification of the main assumption of the German policy selected in response to the changes occurring in the world and Assessment of the coherence of the German and EU approach.

PL

Zmiana paradygmatów definiujących politykę zagraniczną głównych ośrodków siły: USA, Rosji i Chin, wraz z następującym po niej przekształceniem stosunków pomiędzy tymi mocarstwami wpłynęły determinująco na układ relacji w skali globalnej. Przekształciły ład polityczny oraz, ze względu na zmianę kanonu pożądanych w międzynarodowych relacjach wartości i norm, poważnie nadwyrężyły podstawy ładu formalnoprawnego. Artykuł traktuje o stosunku Niemiec do zmian w ładzie międzynarodowym. Celem procesu badawczego jest identyfikacja głównego założenia niemieckiej polityki wyłonionego w odpowiedzi na zaistniałe przemiany na świecie oraz ocena koherentności niemieckiego podejścia z koncepcją Unii Europejskiej.