The author presents Christmas motifs in carols diachronically: from the initial Incarnation (the birth of Christ) until the Epiphany. She is therefore interested in the description of the eight wondrous days and nights between the Christmas Eve and Epiphany in Roman Catholicism, Greek Catholicism and the Orthodox Church. According to the author, a dominant aspect of the wondrousness of that time is the co-presence of birth and death which becomes the beginning of new life. The experience of cyclical dying and coming back to life (present in the carol tradition) was also projected onto the visions of the world, or, more precisely, worlds, which come one after another, endlessly. The co-presence of the beginning and the end and the merging of their symbolism in Christmas carols has yet another aspect. The carols sung during Christmastide drew on Biblical typology, which for centuries served the Christian religious education.
In my paper I describe how Polish football fans use religious motifs on their flags. The reasons for it can be different. They compare their football club to God. They want to make opposite team’s supporters frightened (then they very often use devil motif) or they want to make their communicate more attractive. All of these with examples are described in the paper.
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