Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Changes in Motor Skills of Boys who Trained Sports Swimming in an Annual Training Cycle

100%

Eider P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2015

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tom 12

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nr 4

121-133

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who trained sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. The research included 94 boys aged 7 (1st grade of elementary school); 57 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and 37 belonged to the Control group. All boys attended elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. Motor skills were assessed with 8 tests of the EUROFIT Test Battery. The study resulted in the following conclusions: I. Dynamics of changes in terms of overall balance, static strength, functional strength (between Examination I and II) was greater in the Swimmers group. II. In terms of upper limb movement, agility, explosive strength, torso strength, and agility run, differences between results of both examinations were similar in the Swimmers and Control groups. III. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects were a positive phenomenon in the physical development of children. Thus, swimming trainings significantly impacted dynamics of positive changes in motor skills of boys at the early stage of school education. IV. Regular participation in sports classes (including swimming classes) had positive impact on motor skill development of children, which is of utmost importance at that age.

2

The relationship between CA repeat polymorphism of the IGF-1 gene and the structure of motor skills in young athletes

100%

Karpowicz K. , Krych K. , Karpowicz M. , Nowak W. , Gronek P.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2018

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tom 65

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nr 1

43-50

EN

The map of candidate genes that can potentially affect physical fitness becomes larger every year, and they are associated with such aspects as respiratory and cardiovascular stability; body build and composition - especially muscle mass and strength; carbohydrate and lipid metabolism; response to training; and exercise intolerance.The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between the CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene and the structure of motor skills in the two groups of Polish young athletes in 2007-2009. In this study, 350 young sportsmen representing different sports disciplines were examined (age = 15.5 ± 0.5 years), by genotyping the IGF1 gene and determining the structure of motor skills using the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT) battery. The multiple stepwise regression was used to determine the impact of the investigated motor skills on the indicator of the overall physical fitness, measured by the total score of the International Physical Fitness Test (IPFT). The analysis showed some regularity related to the character of the IGF1 gene polymorphism. It can be concluded that the two groups of young boys athletes practicing various sports disciplines (kinds of physical exercise) displayed similar associations between CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene and the level of motor effects. Our results suggest that this polymorphism may be a genetic marker of the physical performance phenotype. We demonstrated that CA repeat polymorphism of the P1 promoter of the IGF1 gene was associated with strength predispositions in the homozygous and non-carriers groups. In the group who were heterozygous it was speed-strength aptitudes.

3

Corrective Gymnastics and Motor Skills of Five-and Six-Year-Old Children

100%

Rokicka-Hebel M.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2014

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tom 6

|

nr 2

114-126

EN

Background: The purpose of the study was to evaluate motor skills of children participating and not participating in corrective gymnastics activities. It has been assumed that children participating in additional physical activities conducted in nursery school have better motor skills than those staying out of this type of activities. Material/Methods: Tests were carried out in two stages. For quantitative research a questionnaire was conducted among headmasters of nursery schools in Gdansk. The qualitative and quantitative research involved: observation, document analysis, tests of educational performance verifying the level of motor skills. A total of 286 five- and six-year-old children were recruited from different preschools (eight preschools and three primary school preschool programs in Gdansk). Results: Comparing groups of preschoolers participating and not participating in the activities of corrective gymnastics showed that among five-year-olds attending corrective gymnastics greater skills were noticed only in two of the seven tests: I - walking on a balance bench and II - crawling on an inclined balance bench. Among six-year-olds only in one test: VI - throwing a ball against the wall and catching it. Conclusions: Corrective gymnastics viewed as additional physical activity exercise in preschools does not contribute to the development of new motor skills of five- and six-year-olds.

4

Motor development of a child in the first three months of life

100%

Kloze A. , Stępowska J.

Advances in Rehabilitation

|

2019

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tom 33

|

nr 1

43-48

EN

The standards as to when children should acquire particular gross and fine motor skills were presented in that study. Proper motor development of children may affect all aspects of their lives. Early detection and diagnosis of abnormalities make it possible to cope with developmental disorders quickly. The functioning of children changes in the first year of their lives. Children gain indispensable experience from the surrounding world and learn to react to external stimuli. They also develop their patterns of behavior and improve perception. This work focuses on selected aspects of motor development that play a significant role in the process of physiotherapy aimed at infants in their first trimester.

5

MUSCULAR ENDURANCE AND STRENGTH IN BOYS AGED FROM 11 TO 13 YEARS

100%

Wojciechowska–Maszkowska B. , Wieloch M.

Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

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2015

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tom 4

|

nr 6

23-30

XX

The psychophysical development of humans is genetically determined and influenced by a number of external factors. Nowadays, impacts on the physical development and physical ability of young men are caused by such phenomena as acceleration and civilizational or urban changes. Monitoring of changes in development and the influence of different factors seems to be justified as it is related to the understanding of processes and the introduction of preventive measures in the field of health and physical fitness for future generations. New concepts for testing human physical abilities seem to focus on utilitarian targets related to health needs and daily human activities. The study was performed on a group of 211 boys from an urban area, including 75 at the age of 11, 74 at the age of 12 and 62 at the age of 13. The study examined the strength of abdominal and trunk muscles (sits-up from a lying position), shoulder girdle and lower extremity muscles (overhang on a bar), and explosive strength of upper limbs (forward and backward medicine ball throw). Boys at the age of 11 years achieved the shortest distances, and boys at the age of 13 the longest distances in forward medicine ball throws. The results of the attained distances in backward medicine ball throws were also better in older boys compared to younger ones. The results of the muscle endurance tests were different. In both attempts, boys at the age of 12 attained better results than their younger and older colleagues. The development of strength abilities in boys between the age of 11 and 13 years has stable progress, while the observed differences in muscle endurance in boys at the age of 13 require further monitoring and further examination of their impact in terms of quality and quantity in boys of prepubertal age.

6

Preschool attendance as a factor in the motor skill development of children

100%

Rokicka-Hebel M.

Human Movement

|

2013

|

tom 14

|

nr 4

310-321

EN

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the motor skills of children who had already attended one year of preschool or had just begun their education. Methods. A total of 286 five- and six-year-old children were recruited from different preschools (eight preschools and three primary school preschool programs) in Gdańsk, Poland. A test battery was designed based on the children’s preschool physical education curriculum and the motor skills that should be acquired at this age. The analyzed motor tasks included: 1) walking on a balance bench, 2) crawling on an inclined balance bench, 3) running then jumping over an obstacle with one leg, 4) catching and throwing a ball over an obstacle, 5) throwing a ball against the wall and catching it, 6) climbing on a gymnastic ladder, 7) jumproping. The children were tested twice in test-retest conditions, at the beginning and end of the school year. Results. The children showed the lowest level of skills in throwing, catching, and bouncing a ball against the wall and jumproping. Conclusions. No significant differences were identified as to children’s physical abilities or between the 5-year-olds and 6-year-olds either beginning or continuing preschool.

7

Changes in Motor Skills of Children who Train Sports Swimming at the Initial Stage of School Education (in an Annual Training Cycle)

88%

Eider P. , Wilk K. , Tarnowski M. , Terczyński R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2017

|

tom 20

|

nr 4

93-105

EN

This paper presents an empirical approach to the changes in motor skills of children who train sports swimming at the initial stage of school education in an annual training cycle. Swimming belongs to the disciplines in which training starts at the age of 6-7. The proper selection of candidates to train certain disciplines is a complex process as they should be chosen from a large population of children, both girls and boys, having specific somatic and motor characteristics which, developed in the long-term, will enable them to achieve sports mastery. The aim of the research was to define which changes in motor skills occur in girls who train sports Aim: swimming in an annual training cycle. The Subject group consisted of 85 girls aged 7 who attended four elementary schools in Szczecin, Poland. 36 of them belonged to the Swimmers group and they were all members of the Municipal Swimming Club (MKP) in Szczecin. The Control group consisted of 49 girls who attended the same elementary schools. All subjects took part in two examinations (carried out in the school year 2009/2010. Physical ability tests were conducted in gyms. Motor skills were assessed with EUROFIT Test Battery which is the most reliable and accurate tool according to scientific research. The research revealed changes in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of all eight tests. Examination II proved statistically significant improvement of results in both groups (Sw, C) in comparison to Examination I. Changes between Examination I and Examination II results were most visible in the Swimmers groups in terms of balance, agility, static strength, functional strength and agility run. Changes between Examination I and Examination II were similar in both groups (Sw, C) in terms of speed of limb movement, explosive strength and torso strength. Progressive changes in motor skill of subjects are a positive phenomenon in the physical development of a child. Swimming training resulted significantly in positive changes in terms of motor skills of subject who were at the initial stage of swimming trainings, compared to their non-training peers. Participation in organized, regular sports classes results in the development of motor (physical) skills of children.

8

CHOSEN INDIVIDUAL FACTORS OF ADOLESCENTS’ PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THEIR LEISURE TIME

88%

Görner K. , Jurczak A. , Spieszny M. , Mucha D. , Makuch R.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 1

|

nr 1

31-37

EN

The aim of the research was to diagnose chosen individual factors of adolescents’ physical development (motor skills, physical fitness, motor activity needs) and their influence on their actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The subjects of the research were students of Cracow’s junior high schools. The probability sample of 295 girls and 329 boys were examined. The method used was a survey. The results of the examinations showed that the chosen individual factors had an influence on the actual level of physical activity in their leisure time. The boys’ motor skills (in contrast with the rest of the factors) correlated the least with the increase of the actual level of physical activity in leisure time, and in case of the girls, they did not correlate at all. Youngsters’ individual predispositions to undertake physical activity in their free time were at a medium-high level. Nevertheless, their internalization did not take place because more than a half of the subjects undertook physical activities at a low level (51.0%) or not at all (7.4%).

9

Development of Selected Motor Skills in Boys and Girls in Relation to Their Rate of Maturation - A Longitudinal Study

88%

Sokołowski B. , Chrzanowska M.

Human Movement

|

2012

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tom 13

|

nr 2

132-138

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to examine the process of how motor skills were developed and shaped in boys and girls in relation to their rate of maturation, based on the use of peak height velocity (PHV), which measures biological maturity. Methods. This study made use of a longitudinal study researching the physical fitness of boys and girls from Kraków, Poland during the years 1980-1990. From the original sample population, 296 boys and 196 girls were selected for further analysis. Physical fitness tests were administered over the subsequent decade, measuring the following motor skills: speed, explosive strength of the lower limbs, static strength of the right and left hand, agility, dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles, static endurance of the upper limbs and shoulders, and flexibility. On the basis of the median and PHV age quartiles for both sexes, the examined individuals were divided into two cohorts: early maturers and late maturers. The mean values and standard deviations of the physical fitness test results were calculated based on biological age. Afterwards, the means and standard deviations of each tested motor skill of the early maturers were standardized into means and standard deviations of the late maturers. Results. The motor skills best performed in all age groups and in both sexes by early maturers were in tests of static strength of the hands. In the group of boys, early maturers in all age groups also performed the best in tests of speed and explosive strength of the lower limbs. Late-maturing girls were positively differentiated in each age group in tests of static strength of the upper limbs and shoulders, and in the dynamic strength of the abdominal muscles. Conclusions. The rate of maturation was found to significantly influence the results of fitness tests, particularly in the case of boys.

10

Physical fitness of candidates to the General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces

75%

Jamro D. , Lenart D. , Żurek G.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

|

2021

|

tom Vol. 53, No. 4(202)

652--663

EN

The study is to compare the level of comprehensive physical fitness of accepted candidates to the Wrocław military university in 2015 and in 2019 depending on the type of high school completed. The research material was collected from the motor tests conducted during the recruitment process to the Wrocław military university. The study included measurements of endurance, relative strength, running speed and agility, and swimming skills. The level of all analyzed functional traits of candidates admitted to the university in 2015 is statistically significantly higher compared to men accepted to the university in 2019. The type of secondary school completed does not significantly differentiate the level of comprehensive physical fitness of candidates to the Wrocław military university, both in 2015 and 2019. The type of secondary school completed does not significantly differentiate the level of all-round physical fitness of applicants to the Wrocław military university, either in 2015 or 2019.

PL

Celem pracy jest porównanie poziomu wszechstronnej sprawności fizycznej przyjętych kandydatów do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej w 2015 i w 2019 roku w zależności od rodzaju ukończonej szkoły średniej. Materiał badawczy został zebrany w wyniku przeprowadzenia testów motorycznych podczas procesu rekrutacji do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej. Badania obejmowały pomiary wytrzymałości, siły relatywnej, szybkości biegowej i zwinności oraz umiejętności pływania. Poziom wszystkich analizowanych w pracy cech funkcjonalnych kandydatów przyjętych do uczelni w 2015 roku jest istotnie statystycznie wyższy w porównaniu do mężczyzn przyjętych do uczelni w 2019 roku. Typ ukończonej szkoły średniej w istotny sposób nie różnicuje poziomu wszechstronnej sprawności fizycznej kandydatów do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej, zarówno w 2015, jak i 2019 roku.

11

Spectral analysis of tremor for evaluation of handwriting disorders

75%

Ślubowska E. , Pałko T.

Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 45, nr 8-9

149-151

EN

Spectral analysis of the tremor signals got from the movement of the writing hand is presented in this paper. Analysis of stylus position and velocity is made upon data collected from the computer system for handwriting analyses, developed by authors of this paper in Institute of Precision and Biomedical Engineering Warsaw University of Technology. Presented analyses were obtained from the group of 21 participants aged from 20 to 30. Presented analyses were chosen to show differences between person without troubles in handwriting and these ones whose handwriting is not easily readable because of some troubles with motor skills. We observed no significant difference in power spectrum density between the groups presented in this paper. It leads to conclusion that the explicit trembling with definite frequency is not always present in illegible handwriting. The signal recorded in illegibly handwriting group has more uncorrelated components, so we could assume that it is noisy.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano wyniki analizy widmowej sygnału zarejestrowanego podczas wykonywania czynności pisania. Analiza położenia prędkości wskaźnika została oparta na danych zebranych przy pomocy autorskiego systemu komputerowego opracowanego w Instytucie Inżynierii Precyzyjnej i Biomedycznej Politechniki Warszawskiej. Przedstawione wyniki analiz pochodzą z testów wykonanych przez grupę 21 osób w wieku od 20 do 30 lat. Zaprezentowane wyniki analiz zostały dobrane tak, aby pokazać różnice pomiędzy osobą bez trudności w pisaniu a osobą, której pismo jest nieczytelne z powodu obniżonej sprawności ruchowej. Nie zaobserwowano znaczących różnic w widmie gęstości mocy sygnału drżenia między prezentowanymi w artykule grupami. Prowadzi to do wniosku, że nie zawsze drżenie o określonej częstotliwości towarzyszy nieczytelnemu pismu. Sygnał zarejestrowany w grupie osób z nieczytelnym pismem zawiera więcej nieskorelowanych składowych, a więc możemy uznać, że jest zaszumiony.

12

Umiejętności ruchowe uczniów klas młodszych

75%

Madejski E. , Kosiba G. , Jaworski J. , Madejski R.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

|

2018

|

tom 62

94-105

PL

Cel badań. Ocena poziomu umiejętności ruchowych dzieci objętych nauczaniem wczesnoszkolnym. Materiał i metody. Badania przeprowadzono wśród losowo dobranych dzieci uczęszczających do klas I–III szkół podstawowych w Krakowie. Wzięło w nich udział 334 uczniów w wieku 7–8 lat, 365 w wieku 8–9 lat i 317 w wieku 9–10 lat, łącznie 498 dziewcząt i 518 chłopców. W badaniach zastosowano technikę testu osiągnięć szkolnych. Do statystycznego opracowania wyników wykorzystano program SPSS 21 (IBM Corp., 2012). Wyniki. Najwyższy odsetek badanych w zakresie poziomu umiejętności ruchowych mieścił się w przedziałach średnim i wysokim. Uczniowie klas młodszych najlepiej wykonywali kozłowanie piłki, skok w dal z miejsca, skok zawrotny przez ławeczkę gimnastyczną, prowadzenie piłki wewnętrzną częścią stopy oraz podpór przodem. Z kolei najwięcej problemów sprawiał im przewrót w tył i leżenie przerzutne. Wnioski. Uczniowie w młodszym wieku szkolnym ogólnie prezentują w zakresie wybranych umiejętności ruchowych ponadprzeciętny poziom, wyraźnie różnicowany przez płeć i wiek.

EN

Background. To assess the motor skill level of early primary school students. Material and methods. The research was carried out among randomly selected children attending grades 1–3 in primary schools in Cracow, Poland. It covered 334 students aged 7–8 years, 365 aged 8–9 years, and 317 aged 9–10 years; in total, 498 girls and 518 boys. The technique of a school achievement test was applied. The results were statistically analysed with the SPSS 21 software (IBM Corp., 2012). Results. The highest percentage of students examined in terms of their motor skill level represented the average or high range. The early school students were best at dribbling the ball, standing long jump, side-to-side bench jumps, keeping the ball with the internal part of the foot, and front support. In turn, back flip and candlestick exercises appeared most difficult. Conclusions. Early school students generally show an above-average level of the described selected motor skills, clearly differentiated by sex and age.

13

Interrelationships Among Motor Coordination, Body Fat Percentage, and Physical Activity in Adolescent Girls

75%

Chagas D. d. V. , Batista L. A.

Human Movement

|

2015

|

tom 16

|

nr 1

4-8

EN

Purpose. The aim of this study was to analyze the interrelationships among motor coordination, body fat percentage, and physical activity levels in adolescent girls. Methods. Sixty-eight girls aged 12-14 years participated in the study. Skinfold thickness was measured and the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder test was administered. Participants completed a self-reporting questionnaire on physical activity. Bivariate and partial correlations were used to analyze the interrelationships among the selected variables. Results. There were no significant (p > 0.05) correlations between any motor coordination scores and physical activity levels with and without controlling for body fat percentage. All motor coordination scores were significantly (p < 0.05) associated with body fat with and without controlling for physical activity levels. Conclusions. The relationships between motor coordination scores and physical activity levels, as well as between motor coordination scores and body fat percentage, were not influenced by body fat and physical activity levels, respectively. However, the overall low physical activity level in this sample may have biased these results. Additional research involving girls with higher physical activity levels should be pursued.

14

Physical fitness of candidates to the General Tadeusz Kościuszko Military University of Land Forces

75%

Jamro D. , Lenart D. , Żurek G.

Scientific Journal of the Military University of Land Forces

|

2021

|

tom 53

|

nr 4(202)

652-663

PL

Celem pracy jest porównanie poziomu wszechstronnej sprawności fizycznej przyjętych kandydatów do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej w 2015 i w 2019 roku w zależności od rodzaju ukończonej szkoły średniej. Materiał badawczy został zebrany w wyniku przeprowadzenia testów motorycznych podczas procesu rekrutacji do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej. Badania obejmowały pomiary wytrzymałości, siły relatywnej, szybkości biegowej i zwinności oraz umiejętności pływania. Poziom wszystkich analizowanych w pracy cech funkcjonalnych kandydatów przyjętych do uczelni w 2015 roku jest istotnie statystycznie wyższy w porównaniu do mężczyzn przyjętych do uczelni w 2019 roku. Typ ukończonej szkoły średniej w istotny sposób nie różnicuje poziomu wszechstronnej sprawności fizycznej kandydatów do wrocławskiej uczelni wojskowej, zarówno w 2015, jak i 2019 roku.

EN

The study is to compare the level of comprehensive physical fitness of accepted candidates to the Wrocław military university in 2015 and in 2019 depending on the type of high school completed. The research material was collected from the motor tests conducted during the recruitment process to the Wrocław military university. The study included measurements of endurance, relative strength, running speed and agility, and swimming skills. The level of all analyzed functional traits of candidates admitted to the university in 2015 is statistically significantly higher compared to men accepted to the university in 2019. The type of secondary school completed does not significantly differentiate the level of comprehensive physical fitness of candidates to the Wrocław military university, both in 2015 and 2019. The type of secondary school completed does not significantly differentiate the level of all-round physical fitness of applicants to the Wrocław military university, either in 2015 or 2019.

15

Analysis of Experts’ Quantitative Assessment of Adolescent Basketball Players and the Role of Anthropometric and Physiological Attributes

75%

Štrumbelj E. , Erčulj F.

Journal of Human Kinetics

|

2014

|

tom 42

|

nr 1

267-276

EN

In this paper, we investigated two questions: (1) can measurements of anthropometric and physiological attributes substitute for expert assessment of adolescent basketball players, and (2) how much does the quantitative assessment of a player vary among experts? The first question is relevant to the potential simplification of the player selection process. The second question pertains directly to the validity of expert quantitative assessment. Our research was based on data from 148 U14 female and male basketball players. For each player, an array of anthropometric and physiological attributes was recorded, including body height, body mass, BMI, and several motor skill tests. Furthermore, each player's current ability and potential ability were quantitatively evaluated by two different experts from a group of seven experts. Analysis of the recorded data showed that the anthropometric and physiological attributes explained between 15% and 40% of the variance in experts’ scores. The primary predictive attributes were speed and agility (for predicting current ability) and body height and growth potential (for predicting potential ability). We concluded that these attributes were not sufficiently informative to act as a substitute for expert assessment of the players’ current or potential ability. There is substantial variability in different experts' scores of the same player’s ability. However, the differences between experts are mostly in scale, and the relationships between experts’ scores are monotonic. That is, different experts rank players on ability very similarly, but their scores are not well calibrated.

16

Dynamika rozwoju morfofunkcjonalnego dziewcząt w wieku 13–15 lat

75%

Monika Tymczak M. , Teresa Pop T. , Bożenna Karczmarek-Borowska B. , Mariola Pitak M. , Jacek Kultys J.

Medical Review

|

2015

|

nr 1

31-40

PL

Wstęp: Zainteresowanie motorycznością człowieka rozwija się od niemalże początku jego dziejów. Stan i przemiany w zakresie motoryczności młodzieży są obecnie elementem strategii edukacyjnej państwa. Cel pracy: Celem pracy jest określenie różnic pomiędzy podstawowymi cechami somatycznymi dziewcząt w wieku 13, 14 i 15 lat, jak również analiza ogólnej sprawności motorycznej dziewcząt poddanych badaniom. Materiał i metody: Do badań zakwalifiowano 135 uczennic Zespołu Szkół w Starej Wsi w wieku 13, 14 i 15 lat. Każda z grup wiekowych liczyła 45 osób. Badanie przeprowadzono w kwietniu 2013 roku. U badanych wykonano pomiary podstawowych cech somatycznych: wysokości i masy ciała oraz zbadano zdolności motoryczne testem EUROFIT, a następnie zestawiono próby w poszczególnych grupach wiekowych. Wyniki: Uzyskano statystycznie istotne różnice zwinności, gibkości oraz siły statycznej w zależności od cech somatycznych badanych. Wnioski: 1. Dziewczęta charakteryzują się stopniowym rozwojem wysokości ciała oraz masy ciała. 2. Wraz ze wzrostem parametru wysokości ciała zaobserwowano obniżenie zwinności badanych dziewcząt. 3. Wykazano wprost proporcjonalną zależność pomiędzy masą ciała a siłą statyczną dziewcząt z badanych grup wiekowych. 4. W grupie 13- i 14-latek odnotowano istotną statystycznie zależność masy ciała i gibkości.

EN

Introduction: People have been interested in human motor skills since the dawn of time. Nowadays, the condition and the changes in the youth’s motor skills have been an element of educational strategy of Poland. Aim: The objective was to determine the diffrences between the basic somatic features among girls at the age of 13, 14, 15, as well as, the analysis of the overall motor performance of girls. Material and methods: The study included 135 girls at the age of 13, 14, 15 from School Complex in Stara Wieś. Each age group included 45 subjects. The study was conducted in April 2013. Basic somatic features such as height, body weight were measured in accordance with EUROFIT test and then the taken measurements were compared within the age groups. Results: Differences in agility, flexibility and static force depending on the somatic features were statistically signifiant. Conclusions: 1. The girls were characterized by the gradual growth in height and weight 2. As the height parameter increases, the agility of the girls decreases. 3. The study indicated that the correlation between the static force and body weight within the age groups was directly proportional. 4. The correlation between body weight and flxibility of the 13 and 14 year old girls was statistically signifiant.

17

POZIOM WYBRANYCH ZDOLNOŚCI MOTORYCZNYCH MŁODYCH BADMINTONISTÓW W ASPEKCIE ALOMETRII ICH ROZWOJU FIZYCZNEGO

75%

Żak M. , Żak S. , Jaworski J.

Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Wychowania Fizycznego i Turystyki w Białymstoku

|

2017

|

nr 4(22)

14-26 s.

PL

Wprowadzenie: Ocena efektów działalności ruchowej osobnika musi uwzględniać łączny wymiar obejmujący aspekty strukturalne, rozwojowe oraz funkcjonalne. Zjawisko to z największą siłą akcentuje się w okresie progresywnego rozwoju i wydaje się szczególnie istotne w sporcie dzieci i młodzieży. Cel: Zadaniem niniejszego doniesienia jest roztryśnięcie czy i w jakim stopniu czynnik zaawansowania rozwoju, określony wiekiem wysokości ciała, różnicuje wyselekcjonowane zdolności motoryczne o podłożu energetycznym i informacyjnym badmintonistów w wieku 11-19 lat. Materiał i metody: Badaniom poddano 96 badmintonistów, w trzech grupach wieku kalendarzowego: 11-13 lat (młodzicy), 14-16 lat (juniorzy młodsi), 17-19 lat (juniorzy). Wszyscy rekrutowali się z czołowych ośrodków szkolenia sportowego w Polsce. Analizie poddano ich wiek morfologiczny, oszacowany na podstawie tabel i wzorów zaproponowanych przez Pilicza oraz 10 cech somatycznych, 10 zdolności motorycznych o podłożu energetycznym i 16 zdolności koordynacyjnych. Szukano zależności przyczynowo-skutkowych pomiędzy poszczególnymi cechami i zdolnościami motorycznymi, a zaawansowaniem w rozwoju fizycznym obserwowanych badmintonistów - przy zastosowaniu modelu regresji liniowej. Wprowadzone do analizy zmienne zostały unormowane na średnie i odchylenia standardowe rezultatów uzyskanych przez ww. grupy sportowe. Wyniki. Wysokość ciała jest najbardziej reprezentatywną cechą, określającą zaawansowanie rozwoju biologicznego osobnika, ale równocześnie ma ograniczony zasięg diagnostyczny, zwłaszcza po okresie pokwitania. Wyższy poziom wieku wysokości ciała wpływa dodatnio na wyniki prób określających zdolność do użycia mocy i siły statycznej badmintonistów, a zależność ta sukcesywnie zanika w starszych grupach szkoleniowych. Analiza wyników potwierdza odrębność badanych zdolności i ich podział na sferę efektywności opartą na podłożu energetycznym oraz sensomotorycznym (są one uwarunkowane odrębnymi właściwościami organizmu zawodnika). Wnioski: Na użytek wyjaśniania zjawisk obserwowanych w sporcie należy opracować bardziej złożoną formułę określania wieku rozwojowego, z wykorzystaniem również składnika wieku kalendarzowego. Zmniejszanie się siły związków między wiekiem morfologicznym a wynikami prób zdolności koordynacyjnych może sugerować, że po okresie pokwitania czynnik zaawansowania rozwoju fizycznego stopniowo ustępuje miejsca czynnikom genetycznym i środowiskowym.

EN

Introduction: Evaluation of the effects of a person's physical activity should involve structural, developmental and functional aspects. This phenomenon becomes the most pronounced in the period of progressive development and seems especially significant in the sport for children and young people. Aim. The aim of this paper is to verify whether, and to what degree, the factor of developmental progress, expressed by the age of body height, differentiates between selected physical fitness-related motor abilities in badminton players aged 11 to 19 years. Material and methods: The examinations concerned 96 badminton players in three groups divided according to the chronological age: 11-13 years (younger cadets), 14-16 years (cadets), 17-19 years (juniors). All of study participants were recruited from top athletic training centres in Poland. The analysis focused on their morphological age evaluated based on tables and equations proposed by Pilicz and 10 somatic characteristics, 10 physical fitness-related motor abilities and 16 coordination abilities. Cause-and-effect relationships were established for individual characteristics and motor abilities with the level of physical development of the badminton players using the linear regression model. The variables for the analysis were standardized to means and standard deviations of the results obtained by the above groups of athletes. Results: Body height is the most relevant characteristic that determines the level of biological development of the individual but it has a limited diagnostic range, especially with regards to puberty. Higher level of the body height age has a positive effect on the results of the tests that evaluate ability to use power and static strength of badminton players, with this relationship gradually disappearing in older groups of athletes. Analysis of the results confirms the isolation of the abilities studied and their division into the area of efficiency based on the physical fitness and sensorimotor coordination (determined by other properties of the athlete's body). Conclusions: To provide more insights into the phenomena observed in sport, a more comprehensive formula should be developed to evaluate the developmental age, also with consideration for the chronological age. The reducing strength of correlations between the morphological age and the results of tests of coordination abilities might suggest that after the period of puberty, the factor of the level of physical development is being gradually ousted by the genetic and environmental factors.

18

Morphological features and motor skills of girls practicing speed skating as well as volleyball and basketball

63%

Momola I.

Physiotherapy

|

2010

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tom 18

|

nr 2

56-62

PL

Celem opracowania jest porównanie rozwoju morfologicznego dziewcząt uprawiających koszykówkę, siatkówkę i łyżwiarstwo szybkie w sanockich klubach sportowych oraz ich sprawności fizycznej w oparciu o testy "Eurofit". Zawodniczki porównano z populacją polską i krakowską. Celem badań było też określenie współzależności pomiędzy mierzonymi parametrami. Badano 63 dziewczęta 11-letnie w latach 2006-2007. Wyniki pomiarów poddano analizie statystycznej z wykorzystaniem jednoczynnikowej analizy wariancji, korelacji prostoliniowej, analizy głównych składowych. Wysokość i masa ciała łyżwiarek, siatkarek i koszykarek mieszczą się w normie rozwojowej. Zawodniczki osiągnęły korzystniejsze wyniki w większości prób sprawności fizycznej niż ich krakowskie rówieśniczki i dziewczęta z próby ogólnopolskiej.

EN

The aim of the study was to compare morphological development and physical fitness of the girls training basketball, volleyball and speed skating in sports clubs in Sanok on the basis of "Eurofit" tests and to determine correlations between the examined parameters. The research results were compared with the centile charts of the girls tested nationwide and in Krakow. The test group consisted of 63 girls aged 11 and the study was carried out in 2006 and 2007. The results were subjected to a statistical analysis including one-way ANOVA, linear correlation analysis and principal components analysis. Body height and mass in speed skaters, basketball players and volleyball players are within the development norm. The players achieved higher results in most exercise tests than their peers from Krakow and the rest of the country.

19

УРАХУВАННЯ ВІКОВИХ ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ СТУДЕНТІВ ПІД ЧАС ЗАНЯТЬ СИЛОВИМИ ВИДАМИ СПОРТУ

63%

Валерій Ж.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2017

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nr 4(68)

99-111

EN

The article analyzes age characteristics of students during power sports classes in higher education institutions, examines morphological, functional and psychological characteristics of this age group. Considering factors that determine the student’s ability to achieve positive results in the development of strength and muscle mass during power sports classes turned out to be of special importance. This is a type of muscle fiber. The structure of muscle fibers could be of two types: slow and fast contractile. These types of fibers are different relatively independentfunctional units with different morphological, biochemical and contractile properties. Slow fibers have a low rate of contraction, a large number of mitochondria (energy stores), high activity of oxidative processes and high vascularization (capillarization), much glycogen. Fast fibers have fewer capillaries, mitochondria number, high glycolytic capacity, high-speed reduction. Slow muscle fibers are the most suitable to perform long aerobic work. They can force low power for a long time. Fast muscle fibers are adapted to the anaerobic nature of work. They develop high-power short-term efforts. With age, there is an increase in muscle mass and strength. After reaching physiological maturity, the development of muscle mass is even. Boys have a higher percentage of muscles than girls do. The difference in the number forms in the presence of male sex hormone – testosterone, resulting in the fact that men have well-developed muscular system than women. Students with a relatively short length of the muscle can carry the load with a large burden, and the relatively long have greater potential in the development of muscular effort; place the tendon insertion. Muscle strength depends on where the tendon inserts, giving preference to biomechanical moving. The student age is the age of the final stage, followed by a period of relative stabilization of all forms of motor characteristics. Physical education and sports in this period are the most important means of physical development, hardening of the body, a high level of strength, speed, endurance, coordination, good functional status, knowledge bases of sports health, develop sustainable habits to regular exercise, natural, biological basis for development of personal qualities.

20

PRZYGOTOWANIE MOTORYCZNE ZAWODNIKA KARATE DO WALKI SPORTOWEJ KUMITE

63%

Piepiora P. A. , Witkowski K. , Migasiewicz J.

Roczniki Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Wychowania Fizycznego i Turystyki w Białymstoku

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2017

|

nr 1(19)

17-23 s.

PL

Zasadność i cel: Karate jest sportem walki, który w pełni angażuje wszystkie zdolności motoryczne. Celem tej pracy jest przedstawienie specyfiki przygotowania motorycznego zawodnika karate do walki sportowej kumite. Materiał i metody: W pracy wykorzystano długoletnie doświadczenie autorów jako trenerów klasy mistrzowskiej oraz dokonano analizy literatury fachowej z zakresu sportów walki. Wyniki i wnioski: Przygotowanie motoryczne jest niezbędne do uzyskania optymalnych wyników w karate. Zdolności motoryczne są fundamentem dalszego przygotowania techniczno-taktycznego oraz mentalnego. Należy poszerzać wiedzę z innych pokrewnych dyscyplin sportowych oraz wykorzystywać w treningu nowe rozwiązania technologiczne.

EN

Background and aim: Karate is a combat sport, which fully involves all motor skills. The aim of this paper is to present the specifics of motor preparation of the karate competitor for the kumite sports fight. Material and Methods: The study was based on the authors many years of experience as a trainers master class and an analysis of literature in the field of martial arts. Results and conclusions: Preparing the motor is necessary to achieve optimum results in karate. Motor skills are the foundation for further preparation of technical-tactical and mental. It should broaden their knowledge of other related disciplines and to use in training new technological solutions. Background and aim: Karate is a combat sport, which fully involves all motor skills. The aim of this paper is to present the specifics of motor preparation of the karate competitor for the kumite sports fight. Material and Methods: The study was based on the authors many years of experience as a trainers master class and an analysis of literature in the field of martial arts. Results and conclusions: Preparing the motor is necessary to achieve optimum results in karate. Motor skills are the foundation for further preparation of technical-tactical and mental. It should broaden their knowledge of other related disciplines and to use in training new technological solutions.