Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Echa zagłady Ormian w literaturze polskiej

100%

Morawiec A.

Slavia Occidentalis

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2015

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nr 72/2

7-30

PL

The article contains a catalogue of plots and motifs related to the genocide of the Armenians (committed by the Turks in the years 1915-1923) in Polish literature. The earliest work referring to this crime is Stefan Żeromski’s novel Przedwiośnie (1924), the latest one is Julia Hartwig’s poem Słodka Armenia w trzech przestrzeniach (2007). In Polish literature, the extermination of the Armenians is presented most often in the context of other tragic historical events, including wars and revolutions (Zofia Nałkowska’s Choucas), theextermination of the Jews during World War II (Bohdan Gębarski’s List do starego tureckiego znajomego, Włodzimierz Paźniewski’s Neurosa teutonica) and other acts of genocide (Wiktor Woroszylski’s Zagłada gatunków, Alina Margolis’s Moralność czasu Holokaustu). In communist Poland this tragedy was invoked mainly to enhance the “splendour” of contemporary Soviet Armenia (Igor Sikirycki’s poem Powitanie Armenii, the factual works: Andrzej Mandalian’s Notatki armeńskie, Ryszard Kapuścinski’s Wanik czyli druga Armenia, Monika Warneńska’s Ścieżką na Ararat). Among these works, a special one is Bohdan Gębarski’s Morituri. Opowieść o 1915 r., which is first and foremost a literary (fictionalized) attempt to boost awareness of theArmenian Genocide.

2

Cloning and characterization of the yak gene coding for calpastatin and in silico analysis of its putative product

100%

Zhang L. , Ma B. , Wu J. , Fei C. , Yang L. , Wan H.

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nr 1

35-41

EN

The calcium-activated neutral proteases, μ- and m-calpain, along with their inhibitor, calpastatin, have been demonstrated to mediate a variety of Ca2+-dependent processes including signal transduction, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, differentiation, apoptosis, membrane fusion, platelet activation and skeletal muscle protein degradation. The cDNA coding for yak calpastatin was amplified and cloned by RT-PCR to investigate and characterize the nucleotide/amino-acid sequence and to predict structure and function of the calpastatin. The present study suggests that the yak calpastatin gene encodes a protein of 786 amino acids that shares 99 % sequence identity with the amino-acid sequence of cattle calpastatin, and that the yak protein is composed of an N-terminal region (domains L and XL) and four repetitive homologous C-terminal domains (d1–d4), in which several prosite motifs are present including short peptide L54–64 (EVKPKEHTEPK in domain L) and GXXE/ DXTIPPXYR (in subdomain B), where X is a variable amino acid. Our results suggest the existence of other functional sites including potential phosphorylation sites for protein kinase C, cAMP- and cGMP-dependent protein kinase, casein kinase II, as well as N-myristoylation and amidation sites that play an important role in molecular regulation of the calpain/calpastatin system. The regulation of the calpain/calpastatin system is determined by the interaction between dIV and dVI in calpains and subdomains A, B, and C in calpastatin.

3

Types and Nature of Deceptive Motif Creative Representation in S. Ostashevskyi’s Fairy‑tales (Based on the Folklore and Literary Tradition)

100%

Ніколова О. , Кравченко Я. , Nikolova O. , Kravchenko Y.

Slavia Orientalis

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2022

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tom LXXI

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nr 1

4

Миф vs история в материнских рассказах о беременности и родах

100%

Лабащук О.

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2011

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nr 4

142-148

EN

In the article contemporary natal narrative is studied from the perspective of the influence of mythological and story types of texts on it. Natal narrative being similar to mythological text confirms some norms of world outlook and behavior. Natal narrative, like many texts of the story type, is about extraordinary events in a woman’s life or about an exceptional situation, which has happened to her acquaintances. The heroine of the natal narrative crosses a definite semantic border, reasserting the status of her exceptional nature.

5

Propositions pour un dictionnaire des moyens d’intensification

87%

Pilecka E.

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nr 1

83-96

EN

The growing body of literature on intensifiers enables us to circumscribe the scope of the phenomenon more accurately and to identify rigorously its linguistic realizations. Yet, the latter are clearly underrepresented or inconsistently treated both in general dictionaries and in textbooks. That is why the need arises to work up a dictionary devoted to means of intensification so that it can serve as a tool to students of French. Rather than simply listing these means, it should be conceived of as a lexicongrammar enabling users both to vary particular forms and to respect syntactic and combinatory constraints. Additionally, it should account for when registers can be conveniently switched. The present paper aims at giving some hints on how such a disctionary should be prepared.

6

Художнє осмислення українського культурного пантеону в драматургії Валерія Герасимчука

84%

Kaspicz H. , Polarusz N.

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tom 10

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nr 1

153-166

EN

The article is devoted to revealing the motive complex of the cycle Plays about the Great. Valeriy Herasymchuk works using different strategies of biographical drama, which he thus considers as a complicated and multilevel system. The course is interested in different models of modern dramatic biography, its formal and semantic components. The authors focus on the process of reformatting the Ukrainian cultural and historical canon. The personages of Andrei Sheptytskyi, the writer and screenwriter Oleksandr Dovzhenko, historian Dmytro Yavornytskyi, and the Russian writers Anton Chekhov and Illia Repin (who felt favourably toward Ukraine) all gained the attention of Valeriy Herasymchuk. Thus the playwright established a very important aim, namely using the images of Anton Chekhov and Illia Repin to return ethnical Ukrainians, who were possessed by imperial culture, back to the Ukrainian pantheon. The author reminds the Ukrainian reader/viewer that the national canon is not limited to well-known names, and encourages them to read and learn more about the past and national heroes.

PL

Artykuł jest poświęcony zbadaniu motywów cyklu Dramaty o Wielkich jako całości dość złożonej i wielopoziomowej, gdyż Wałerij Herasymczuk pracuje w różnych strategiach dramatu biograficznego. Wybrany kierunek badań wydaje się właściwy z punktu widzenia różnych modeli współczesnej biografii dramaturgicznej, komponentów jej formy i treści. Uwaga badaczek skupia się na procesie nowego przeformatowania ukraińskiego kanonu kulturowo-historycznego. Wałerij Herasymczuk portretuje postaci metropolity Andrzeja Szeptyckiego, pisarza i scenarzysty Oleksandra Dowżenki, historyka Dmytra Jawornickiego, pisarza Antona Czechowa czy sympatyzującego z Ukrainą malarza Ilji Riepina. Na przykładzie dwu ostatnich dramaturg wyrażą ważną ideę – powrotuetnicznych Ukraińców zawłaszczonych przez kulturę imperialną do ukraińskiego panteonu. W ten sposób przypomina ukraińskiemu czytelnikowi/widzowi, że kanon narodowy nie ogranicza się do znanych nazwisk, zachęca do lektury, aby dowiedzieć się więcej o przeszłości i bohaterach narodowych.

7

Mit, metafora, motyw. Mosty Maksa Pechsteina

84%

Kal E.

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nr 2(25)

99-107

XX

In general, the text is the first attempt in Polish literature to analyse the relationships between the name Die Brücke, describing the aim and ideas of the artistic group, established in Dresden in 1905, and their implementation. The paper mainly focuses on works by Max Pechstein, who remained connected with the group of German expressionists between 1906 and 1912. The name was coined as a multilayer declaration. It implied introducing art into the areas of modernity, mediation between tradition and the present, search in the origins of creativity, etc. As the draft proves, Pechstein was the leader in implementing the bridging ideas, in at least three aspects considered here: myth, metaphor and motif. Texts by F. Nietzsche and J. Derrida’s theory of metaphor are important for the purpose of interpretation. Also, the author makes a number of suggestions of perceiving the contents of contemporary graphics including the bridge motif as well as attempts to specify the dating of one of the Pechstein’s paintings.

8

Pisarze o bibliotekarzach – analiza wybranych współczesnych utworów literackich

84%

Delimat A.

Studia i Materiały Centralnej Biblioteki Wojskowej

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2020

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nr 1(13)

235-244

EN

The article is devoted to the image of librarian in today’s works of literature: Tracy Chevalier The Virgin Blue, Charline Harris Real Murders, John Irving Until I Find You, Elisabeth Kostova The Historian, Camilla Läckberg The Hidden Child, Camilla Läckberg The Drawning, David Levithan The Mummy, Agnieszka Lingas-Łoniewska Kiedy zniknę (Eng. When I Disappear), Zygmunt Miłoszewski Entanglement, Vicky Myron The Small-Town Library Cat Who Touched The World, Joanna Olczak-Ronikier In the Garden of Memory, Maria Paszyńska The Crazy Star Villa, Teresa Monika Rudzka The Librarians, Sharon Sala Honor’s Promise, Magdalena Trubowicz Zakochani w słowach (Eng. In Love with Words). The analysis of literature sources was performed in terms of the emerging librarian theme as well as the stereotypical perception of this profession. The work also provides the examples of promoting the positive image of the librarian in contemporary literature.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest wizerunkowi bibliotekarza we współczesnych utworach literackich: „Błękitna sukienka” Tracy Chevalier, „Prawdziwe morderstwa” Charline Harris, „Zanim Cię znajdę” Johna Irvinga, „Historyk” Elisabeth Kostovy, „Niemiecki bękart” Camilli Läckberg, „Syrenka” Camilli Läckberg, „Mumia” Davida Levithana, „Kiedy zniknę” Agnieszki Lingas-Łoniewskiej, „Uwikłanie” Zygmunta Miłoszewskiego, „Dewey. Wielki kot w małym mieście” Vicki Myron, „W ogrodzie pamięci” Joanny Olczak-Ronikier, „Willa pod Zwariowaną Gwiazdą” Marii Paszyńskiej, „Bibliotekarki” Teresy Moniki Rudzkiej, „Pożegnalny list” Sharon Sali, „Zakochani w słowach” Magdaleny Trubowicz. Dokonano analizy źródeł literatury pod kątem występowania motywu bibliotekarza oraz jego stereotypowego postrzegania. Przedstawiono także przykłady promowania pozytywnego wizerunku bibliotekarza w literaturze współczesnej.

9

„Rosja śniegiem stoi”. Motyw śniegu/lodu w twórczości Władimira Sorokina

84%

Zywert A.

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tom 25

86-95

EN

The theme of snow/ice, as one of the emblems of Russia, prevails in the works of Vladimir Sorokin virtually as a constant. Depending on the period and direction of the author’s artistic explorations, it acquires different meanings. Initially, it facilitates the deconstruction of classical discourse, but gradually it transforms into a symbol of power founded on violence to eventually become an inextricable part of the metaphor of Russia’s imminent death.

10

ХУДОЖНІЙ РОЗПИС У ФАХОВІЙ ПІДГОТОВЦІ СТУДЕНТІВ МИСТЕЦЬКОГО ПРОФІЛЮ

84%

Носаченко Т.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

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2015

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nr 3(47)

417-422

EN

The article refers to the efficiency of the art of painting in the training of future teachers of art. The experience of practical use by the students of semantics and artistic painting techniques to perform creative works is analyzed. Ukrainian art painting is a unique part of the world culture, it has a developed structure. It was used for decorating household items, paintings of religious and residential buildings in the paintings on paper, paintings on the glass. The paintings decorated house, doors and windows, walls and ceilings, furniture, kitchenware, toys, tools, vehicles, musical instruments, jewelry, weapons, round sculpture. The individual elements and motifs used in painting icons and folk paintings. The students learn the features of crafts and art works of folk artists and find out the connections between folk and professional art, exploring foreign and domestic experience of art education and artistic cultural heritage. By studying the techniques of various kinds of artistic painting, the students gain a thorough knowledge of the world technology and national artistic painting to form professionally competent teachers of art. Art painting is an important means of aesthetic perception of the world and improving of the professional competence of future teachers. Supplement content training of traditional art, artistic painting in different regions of Ukraine, modern techniques and types of art paintings enrich professional skills of future teacher of fine arts. Learning technology creates artistic painting skills to create decorative art compositions, introduces the students various techniques of painting, and creates a technologically educated person capable of artistic and aesthetic transformation. The students study the works of masters of painting that convey deep philosophical thought, mood and emotion, attitude, idea, a particular image. In addition to knowledge of the theory of artistic painting, painting art technological features the students learn creatively interpreted traditional paintings in their contemporary works. In-depth study of the art of painting enhances professional skills of the students, helps to form the aesthetic taste and the ability to see in a particular manner of folk art symbolic reflection of the world.

11

Индивидуальное и общее в фольклорных семантических моделях: опыт анализа современной фольклорной традиции

84%

Лабащук O. , Тернопольский национальный педагогический у. и. В. Г.

|

RU

Структурно-семантическое исследование современной устной традиции позволяет уви- деть в индивидуальных исследованиях о персональном опыте беременности и родов явления схематизма и повторяемости. Мотив можно рассматривать как ключевой элемент анализа современных натальных нарративов. Часть мотивов аккумулирует традиционную фольклор- ную и мифологическую семантику.

EN

Structural and semantic study of contemporary oral tradition reveals in the individual studies about the personal experience of pregnancy and childbirth the phenomena of schematization and repetition. This can be seen as a key element in the analysis of modern natal narratives. Certain motives accumulate traditional folkloric and mythological semantics.

12

Звуковой мир поэмы Михаила Юрьевича Лермонтова Демон

84%

Hodanen L.

|

tom 158

41 - 48

EN

The article concerns about the sonosphere in M. Lermontov’s works. The earlier poet’s epistolary legacy, in which the main ways of sound perception are reflected, is analyzed. It is noted that in Lermontov’s literary works this perception became the foundation of a distinct theme in lyrics and paradigm of motifs which appeared in his poems (Sounds, Yest rechi — znachenye). The phonic world of the poem Demon is described in detail (1841 edition). The types of Demon’s and Tamara’s sonospheres which by means of phonic images diversify the main conflict are defined; the artistic functions of the musical images are brought to light.

13

Symmetry

84%

Rychlewski J.

|

tom Vol. 71, iss. 2

265--283

EN

The concept of symmetry was introduced already by the ancient Greeks in relation to spatial (geometric) systems. They understood it as commensurability and proportionality and linked it with the aesthetic categories of harmony and beauty. A spatial system (object) was considered symmetric if it consisted of regular, repeatable parts of comparable size, creating a coordinated, ordered, larger whole. Only two thousand years later, in the twentieth century, the essence of the concept of symmetry was identified. Symmetry is invariance (stability, durability, constancy) of a feature (geometric, physical, biological, informational, etc.) of an object (an object can here be a geometric system, a material thing, but also a natural phenomenon, physical law, social relation, etc.) after subjecting it to a set of transformations (transformations can be shifts, reflections, rotations, permutations, etc.), with respect to which symmetry is considered. The above observation led to the discovery of the universal nature of the concept of symmetry, which in a broader sense can be understood as a philosophical category, one of the fundamental regularities of mathematical character in the organization of the Universe. The contemporary understanding of symmetry has led to significant and nonobvious conclusions. For example, it turned out that the invariance (symmetry) of the laws of motion with respect to the shift in time is equivalent to the necessity of the existence of the principle of conservation of energy, the invariance (symmetry) of the laws of motion with respect to the shift in physical space proves to be equivalent to the existence of the principle of conservation of momentum. The Report provides an outline of the general formal language of symmetry applicable to the study of any situation in which this concept appears. The key elements of the mathematical apparatus of the algebraic theory of symmetry are defined and discussed, the notions of Γ-sets, orbits, orbital markers, invariants, and invariant functions. They provide versatile tools enabling the analysis of all types of symmetries. The Report concisely presents important results of the theory of symmetry, such as: the ornament principle – expressing the most straightforwardly the innermost property of complex symmetrical objects, the representation theorem for symmetric objects, the theorem on the symmetry of causes and effects of physical laws, the theorem on invariant extension of any function.

14

Letteratura e Sacre Scritture. Ispirazioni bibliche in opere scelte della narrativa italiana novecentesca

84%

Porczyk A.

Italica Wratislaviensia

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2015

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nr 6

149-161

EN

This essay examines biblical references, inspirations and motifs in 20th-century Italian prose. It investigates the longstanding significance of the Sacred Scripture as one of the fundaments of Western civilisation and the Scripture’s changing influence on the imagination and sensibilities of modern Italian writers; it also attempts to provide an explanation of this trend. The Bible, a source of inspiration with extensive historical presence and numerous translations, has been met with multiple interpretations extending far beyond its purely theological dimension. It has shaped European cultural heritage in terms of its themes as well as its languages, symbols, concepts and metaphors, which have permeated European works of culture in the centuries past. The Bible has encouraged creators, including authors, to continue to operate within its tradition, albeit outside the strict confines of faith itself. It is a timeless code not just because of its longstanding presence, but also because it cannot be dismissed out of hand if we are to understand not simply the works of great, world-renowned classics, and those shaped by religion in particular, but notably the works of modern writers of both Christian and secular backgrounds.

IT

: Il presente saggio intende approfondire la presenza di riferimenti, ispirazioni e motivi biblici nella prosa italiana del Novecento. Investiga il durativo significato delle Sacre Scritture intese come fondamento della civiltà occidentale, nonché il loro variabile influsso sull’immaginazione e sulla sensibilità degli scrittori italiani moderni, oltre a tentare di spiegare questa tendenza. Nella sua lunga storia e nelle sue traduzioni la Bibbia è stata oggetto delle più varie interpretazioni, anche al di fuori della sua dimensione puramente teologica. Ha avuto un’influenza formativa sull’intero patrimonio europeo, non solo in termini di tematiche, ma anche di lingue, simboli, concetti e metafore che permeano da secoli l’opera di innumerevoli artisti. La Bibbia ha incoraggiato i creatori, tra cui gli autori di letteratura, a continuare a operare all’interno della sua tradizione, perfino oltre i confini della fede. È un codice che perdura non solo nel senso del suo resistere al trascorrere del tempo, ma è anche quel codice da cui pare impossibile prescindere volendo conoscere l’opera di notevoli autori classici, soprattutto di formazione religiosa, ma anche di orientamento laico.

15

Zmysł uniżenia. O motywie twórczego wysiłku na przykładzie krótkich form literackich

84%

Lis-Wielgosz I.

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2015

|

tom 161

321 - 329

EN

The paper tends to present the motif of creative effort that is defined as apeculiar flair of humility functioning in the short literary forms — notations wherein it occurs as abasic, obligatory manner of expressing the author’s conduct and depicting the world. The topos, integrated with the other ideal schemes and notional constructs, reveals itself as afunctional template of perception and exegesis of the creative reality that frequently refers also to history, politics, and religion. This template is areflection of Christ kenosis, presented by the style of author’s humility that is consolidated in the Old Church Slavonic literature. Thus the motif, typical of the notations, constitutes arealization of the universal idea and aprojection of the conventional literary formula. Furthermore, the very same motif of creative effort, linked with adefinite repertoire of ideas of which building material is aseries of biblical references, serves the presentation of the medieval world view, authorship conception, and the indication of writer’s status and role in the hierarchic system of communication.

16

Мотиви містичної танатології в поетичній книзі Григорія Варсави Сковороди Сад божественных пѣсней, прозябшій из зерн Священнаго Писанія

84%

Betko I.

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tom 168

63-75

EN

The motifs of mystical thanatology in The Garden of Divine Songs by Gregory Skovoroda The article deals with the role that religious-philosophical reflection about death plays in Gregory Skovoroda’s poetical book The Garden of Divine Songs. The subject matter is based not only on the themes of the Bible but also on the individual mystical experience of this great Ukrainian poet of the 18th century.

PL

Motywy mistycznej tanatologii w książce poetyckiej Hryhorija Skoworody Ogród pieśni nabożnych W książce poetyckiej Hryhorija Skoworody Ogród pieśni nabożnych ważną rolę odgrywają religijno-filozoficzne refleksje na temat śmierci. Źródłem rozważań artystycznych w zakresie wskazanej problematyki są zarówno treści Pisma Świętego, jak i osobiste doświadczenia mistyczne wybitnego osiemnastowiecznego poety ukraińskiego.

17

Ogród Wallenroda i tajemnica Wajdeloty

84%

Fiećko J.

|

nr 1(4)

219-232

EN

In his article Wallenrod’s Garden and the Mystery of Wajdelota the author analyses the role of the motif of garden in Adam Mickiewicz’s epic poem Konrad Wallenrod. The conventionality of the use of the term ‘garden’ is emphasized by pointing to the fact that there were some changes introduced to the order of the valley near the Neman River, which were conducive to his amorous meetings with his Ladylove. The manner in which the picture of ‘the garden’ is outlined in the poem is confronted by the author with the classical and romantic gardening styles. It is stressed that the poet distances himself from the two schools, which results from, among other things, the emphasis on the beauty of the valley, a garden created by Nature herself. The motif of the garden played an important role in Konrad’s last conversation with Aldona, when the main hero of the poem tried in vain to persuade his wife to escape to Lithuania. He tempted her with a mirage of regained happiness, appealed to their mutual memories, in which this old and still existing garden, a witness of their love, occupied the central place. While analyzing the strategy of insistence used by Wallenrod in this situation, the author of the article referred to the conception of memory proposed by a German researcher, Jan Assmann. In the last part of the essay the character of the relationship between Wallenrod and Halban is considered along with the attempt to unravel the mystery hidden in the words “my son!”, which the old Lithuanian bard, the patron of Konrad’s spy mission, used in their last conversation.

18

Матыў канфліктнай свядомасці ў аповесці Максіма Гарэцкага “Дзве душы”

84%

Базык Н.

Białorutenistyka Białostocka

|

2014

|

tom 6

RU

Базык Наталiя - Баранавiчы

PL

Świadomość konfliktowa jest jedną z charakterystycznych cech psychologii społecznej okresu przejściowego. Mimo że w twórczości artystycznej przybiera różne formy, przyświeca jej jeden cel – pokazać kryzys światopoglądu współczesnych. W artykule omówiono proces kształtowania się świadomości konfliktowej w utworze Maksyma Goreckiego „Dwie dusz”. Zwrócono uwagę, na fakt, że autor zdołał uchwycić różnorodność konfliktów w czasie wojny domowej, opisać złożoność narodowej samoidentyfikacji, dialektykę wewnętrznych przeżyć przedstawicieli różnych warstw społecznych, powiedzieć gorzką prawdę o zjawiskach niehumanitarnych w polityce, zachowaniu i światopoglądzie.

EN

Conflicting consciousness is one of the features of social psychology in transitional periods. Although it appeared in different forms in artistic creation it had one aim – to show the crisis of contemporaries’ worldview. In the article development of conflicting consciousness in Maxim Gorecky’s “Two souls” is analyzed. It is emphasized that the author managed to reveal a variety of conflicts during the civil war, to describe the complexity of national self-identification, dialectics of inner state of the representatives of various social groups, to tell the bitter truth about inhumane phenomena in politics, behaviour and worldview.

19

Танатологические мотивы в контексте парадигм художественности (на материале русской литературы)

84%

Krasilnikov R.

Slavica Wratislaviensia

|

2018

|

tom 167

11-21

EN

Thanatological motifs and paradigms of artistry(on materials of Russian literature) The article is devoted to interaction of thanatological motifs and paradigms of artistry (pre-reflective traditionalism, reflective traditionalism, aesthetic creativism, reflective communicativism and others) as ways of representation of reality in different periods. On the one hand, paradigms (and “subparadigms”) of artistry are discursive principles, directed in the history of literature not only to the development of thanatosemantics and thanatopoetics, but also to their limitation. On the other hand, text elements representing attitude toward death determine some key meaningful and formal attributes of these paradigms.

PL

Motywy tanatologiczne i paradygmaty artyzmu(na materiale literatury rosyjskiej) Artykuł poświęcony jest interakcji motywów tanatologicznych i paradygmatów artyzmu (przed-refleksyjnego tradycjonalizmu, refleksyjnego tradycjonalizmu, estetycznego kreatywizmu, refleksyjnego komunikatywizmu i innych) jako sposobu reprezentacji rzeczywistości w różnych epokach. Z jednej strony, paradygmaty (oraz subparadygmaty) artyzmu są dyskursywnymi zasadami, w historii literatury skierowanymi nie tylko na rozwój semantyki i poetyki Tanatosa, lecz także na ich ograniczenie. Z drugiej strony, elementy tekstowe przedstawiające stosunek do śmierci określają niektóre znaczeniowo kluczowe i formalne właściwości tych paradygmatów.

20

Типологические особенности функционирования мотива иницации в украинском и немецкоязычном романе воспитания второй половины XIX века

84%

ЧИК О.

Studia Rossica Gedanensia

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2015

|

nr 2

279–287

RU

В статье автор анализирует типологические особенности функционирования мотива инициации в украинском и немецкоязычном романе воспитания II-й пол. XIX в. на материале романов А. Свидницкого, И. Нечуй-Левицкого, Г. Келлера и Т. Фонтане. Особое внимание уделяется жанрообразующей функции мотива инициации в исследуемых произведениях. Мотив инициации организует сюжет произведений и принципиально влияет на формирование характера главных героев, которые в процессе прохождения этого ритуала внутренне меняются.

EN

The author analyzes the typological features of the initiation motif in the 2nd half of the 19th century. Ukrainian and German Bildungsroman on the basis of novels by A. Svydnytskyi, I. Nechui-Levytskyi, G. Keller, W. Raabe, and Th. Fontane. Special attention is paid to the genre function of the initiation motif. The initiation motif organizes the Bildungsroman plot, and has a decisive influence on the formation of the personalities of the main characters that changed in the process of passing this ritual.