The article presents the results of the first detailed geomorphological mapping of the Žiarska, Jamnicka, Raekova, and Bystra Valleys, situated on the southern slope of the Western Tatra Mountains. The field work was supplemented by digital topographic as well as statistical analysis of rock glaciers distribution. The author focused on the distribution and morphological features of moraines and rock glaciers. Variability of both sets of deposits strongly reflects topographic influences on debris and snow accumulation. The main factor controlling the geometry of landforms was solar irradiance modified by the influence of the local cirque topography. Two generations of the rock glaciers indicate distinct phases of periglacial conditions during the Late Glacial period.
A reliable stratigraphic subdivision of the Quaternary is extremely important, dependent firstly on primary significance of its deposits in geological investigations and every-day life of human societies. In the Cenozoic, the Quaternary is a period of the same stratigraphic rank as the Palaeogene and the Neogene, but it is much shorter. Traditional stratigraphic schemes of the Quaternary were based mostly on other criteria than of the older periods, because studies of the Quaternary were focused mainly on more easily accessible terrestrial deposits and a decisive role in their formation was played by climate-induced processes. These factors forced a specific approach to define the stratigraphic units and to create the stratigraphic subdivisions of the Quaternary. In the Quaternary investigations in Poland, several categories of stratigraphic classification are used, particularly lithostratigraphy (with pedostratigraphy and cryostratigraphy), morphostratigraphy, biostratigraphy (including palynostratigraphy, malacostratigraphy, teriostratigraphy and anthropostratigraphy), magnetostratigraphy, chronostratigraphy (synchronized with geochronology) and climatostratigraphy (combined with oxygen isotope stratigraphy). The main climatostratigraphic units can be treated as corresponding to the chronostratigraphic ones and it enables correlation in a regional and global scale. Acritical overview of the applied stratigraphic categories and the updated stratigraphic subdivision are presented for Poland.
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