Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

An Axiomatic Approach to the General Theory of Compounds

100%

Stroński K. , Machowski S.

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 2

101-122

EN

The aim of this article is to provide a logical reconstruction of the general theory of compounding. The theory formulated here is partly based on the axiomatic approach to general morphology presented in Bańczerowski (1997) and it can be conceived of as its continuation.

2

The Relationship between Shock Sensitivity and Morphology in Granular RDX

80%

Czerski H. , Proud W. G. , Field J. E.

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2006

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tom Vol. 3, nr 3

3-13

EN

It is known that batches of the secondary explosive RDX from different manufacturers show significant variation in their shock sensitivity. No obvious correlation between shock sensitivity and either chemical composition or morphology has previous been identified which explains this. We use a range of techniques to study the microstructure of RDX crystals and the bulk morphology of granular beds in order to assess which hotspot mechanisms tend to be dominant. Crystals were characterized using mercury porosimetry, environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and optical microscopy. This range of methods yields quantitative and qualitative data on internal void size and number and surface structure. Shock sensitivity is quantified using small-scale gap tests, and this demonstrates the clear differences in sensitivity between batches from different manufacturers. The samples used are from three manufacturers, produced by both the Woolwich and Bachmann processes, and all have an average particle size of approximately 1200 μRDXm.

3

Phase formation and microstructure in Re1-x CaxBa2Cu3Oz (Re=Y, Eu, Er; x=0, 0.2, 0.3) superconducting ceramics

80%

Stoyanova-Ivanova A. K. , Terzieva S. D. , Staneva A. D. , Mikli V. , Traksmaa R. , Dimitriev Y. B. , Kovachev V. T.

Open Chemistry

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2006

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tom 4

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nr 1

166-173

EN

We have investigated the influence of Ca-substitution and different rare earths on the microstructure of RE1-x CaxBa2Cu3O7-δ (RE= Y, Eu, Er; x=0, 0.2, 0.3) superconducting ceramics. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray microanalysis and energy dispersive spectroscopy have been used to study the microstructure and the chemical composition of the samples. A correlation was established between the polycrystalline microstructure and phase formation depending on the additive content. We observed that calcium is distributed uniformly in the crystals. The formation of minor impurity phases improved the sintering conditions.

4

Datolite from the environs of Cieszyn and Bielsko-Biała in the Polish Carpathians (the type area of the teschenite association)

80%

Włodyka R. , Kapusta J. , Galuskin E.

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1998

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tom T. 51, z. 1-2

273-287

EN

For the first time a datolite occurrence in the type area of the teschenite association in the Polish Outer Carpathians has been discovered. Datolite has been found in the lower contact zone of the teschenite sill at Puńców near Cieszyn and in the olivine glimmerite sill at Miedzyrzecze Górne near Bielsko-Biała. Detailed investigations of the datolite crystals from Miedzyrzecze made possible to distinguish their three morphological types: pseudobipyramidal, prismatic and pinacoidal. The characteristic feature of the datolite morphology is a "framed" habitus of planes of the simple crystallographic form {052}. Chemical composition of datolite is very close to its theoretical constitution, among trace elements barium and strontium predominate. Datolite has a monoclinic symmetry with the following lattice parameters: a = 4.8316(5) , b = 7.6054(2) , c = 9.6287(7) and (3 = 90.143(3)°. The crystal structure of datolite has been refined by the Rietveld profile method. Refinement to an Rp of 8.15%, as compared with the results of Pant and Cruickshank (1967), led to the maximum change due to boron atom. Datolite crystallised in labile conditions of the open system in temperature about 200°C from the hydrothermal solutions with low activity of H2CO3.

PL

Przedmiotem badań była mineralizacja datolitowa występująca w obrębie sillu glimmerytu oliwinowego w Międzyrzeczu Górnym k. Bielska-Białej oraz w strefie egzokontaktowej sillu cieszynitowego z Puńcowa k. Cieszyna. Próbki datolitu z obu wystąpień poddano analizie chemicznej, ntomiast automorficzne kryształy datolitu z Międzyrzecza - dodatkowo badaniom krystalograficznym, rentgenowskim fazowym i strukturalnym oraz spektroskopii absorbcyjnej w podczerwieni i badaniom termicznym. Wyznaczone przy użyciu metody Rietvelda współrzędne atomów w komórce elementarnej odbiegały istotnie tylko położeniem boru w porównaniu z danymi Panta i Cruickshanka. Datolit krystalizował w niestabilnych warunkach układu otwartego, z roztworów hydrotermalnych o niskiej aktywności H2CO3, w temperaturze ok. 200 C.

5

RELATIONS OF LATENT ANTHROPOMETRIC DIMENSIONS TO SUCCESS IN JUDO BOUT

80%

Sertić H. , Segedi I.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2014

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tom 8

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nr 4

73-81

EN

The global objective of this research was determining the relations between anthropometric variables with success in judo bout. The research was conducted on a sample of 122 subjects. The sample of variables consisted of 18 anthropometric measures, out of which three latent dimensions were isolated by the use of factor analysis. Three latent dimensions (factors) represent a set of predictive variables. Criterion is defined as a success in judo bout and it is represented by two criteria variables; number of wins and technical efficiency in judo bout. To test the relations of latent anthropometric variables with success in the bout the regression analysis was used. Statistically significant but low connections were found between anthropometric variables and the two criteria. As only the factor volume and mass of the body partially contribute to the explanation of criteria, one can conclude that the active muscle mass is in the background of achieved connection.

6

Why Clipped Forms Should Be Accepted As Nouns

80%

Hamans C.

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2008

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tom 50

95-109

EN

This paper is about the status of clipped forms. It turns out clipping rules are not completely regular, but the resulting forms must show a transparent relation to the source word, where transparency includes semantic recoverability and phonological resemblance. Furthermore clipped forms have a special stylistic or pragmatic character when compared to the original form. However, the most important conclusion is that clipped forms should not be considered as an arbitrary part of the original word form and therefore seen as having no independent grammatical status, but should be described as nouns in their own right. Arguments for this conclusion come from blend formation. Also Zabrocki’s theory of diacrisis is used to describe the phenomena under discussion.

7

On the Nature of the Accusative in Finnish

80%

Bielecki R.

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 1

19-38

EN

Modern Finnish grammars display a clear tendency to eliminate the category of the accusative entirely, or to limit it only to manifestations which are heterophonic from manifestations of other cases (the nominative and genitive). However, in older grammars (from the first half of the 20th century), the accusative was considered a proper full member of the inventory of Finnish cases. The present paper can be seen as a defense of the former approach to the accusative, because the author believes that the new approach exposes only the paradigmatical aspect of this part of the Finnish language, concealing the syntagmatic aspect. By means of syntagmatic comparison, different types of grammatical neutralizations are brought into view. One of them is especially instructive for the case in question, because it reveals specific properties not only of the accusative, but also of the category of voice in Finnish.

8

Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: II. The Ø-/nak-/nek-Genitive

80%

Bielecki R.

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2011

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tom 53

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nr 1

25-40

EN

The present paper should be regarded as a direct continuation of the article Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System? I. The é-Genitive. The core of the adopted approach represents the standpoint that present-day Hungarian cannot be conceived as a language exempt from any case syncretism. The possibility of distinguishing different case categories relevant for this language by referring only to the form of their markers (endings) is illusory. What is more, it creates a space where some phenomena remain imperceptible. The postulated attributive genitive category can be distinguished not only on the basis of its syntactic properties. The manifestations of this case also differ substantially from the manifestations of other recognized cases. It is difficult to regard the attributive genitive in Hungarian as syncretic with nominative or dative in the sense known in general linguistics, because the appropriate markers turn out to be insufficient in semifying (marking grammatically) the required meaning. They must be complemented by other markers attached to the head of the attributive syntagm (a diák/Ø könyv/e, a diák/nak a könyv/e ‘the student's book’). The properties of the distribution of the Hungarian attributive genitive with its two main manifestations (the endingless one: a diák könyve, and with ending: a diáknak a könyve) can be regarded as a contribution to the general theory of syntax; the genitive attributes of different grades are marked there substantially (a diák/Ø (III) könyv/e (II) cím/é/nek (I) a fordítás/a ‘the translation of the title (I) of the book (II) of the student (III)’) and not only by their linear order as in many Indo-European and Finno-Ugric languages. When the word fulfilling the attributive function belongs to the category of personal pronoun, concord can be identified between it and its head in person and number (az én könyv/em ‘my book, the book of mine’). The factual elision of personal pronouns resulting from their redundancy in this context gives no grounds to state that morphemes like -em in a könyv/em do not fulfil any syntagmatic function. Such an utterance constitutes a discrepancy with the analogous behaviour of personal pronouns in relation to finite verbal forms (olvas/ok ‘I read’ → olvas/ok ‘(I) read’) where no-one speaks of the irrelevancy of the personal endings in reference to their syntagmatic function. The necessity of distinguishing of socalled "marks" (here "possessor marks") is being questioned here; those morphemes are not deprived of fulfilling the syntagmatic function ascribed traditionally to the case endings in the case of nominal flexion. They are regarded here as parts of the discontinuative (genitive) case markers. The specific features of the Hungarian genitive include its sharp division into two subcategories: (i) the é-genitive and (ii) the Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive. Their complementary distribution, together with other discussed properties, additionally corroborates the relevance of distinguishing for them a common upper morphosyntactic category called the genitive case. And finally, Hungarian turns out to be a language where the accumulation of multiple case meanings, all being manifested substantially within the boundaries of one word, can be attested (a diák/om/é/é/t ‘the one of the one of my student’).

9

General Anthropometric and Specific Physical Fitness Profile of High-Level Junior Water Polo Players

80%

Kondrič M. , Uljević O. , Gabrilo G. , Kontić D. , Sekulić D.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 32

157-165

EN

The aim of this study was to investigate the status and playing position differences in anthropometric measures and specific physical fitness in high-level junior water polo players.The sample of subjects comprised 110 water polo players (17 to 18 years of age), including one of the world's best national junior teams for 2010. The subjects were divided according to their playing positions into: Centers (N = 16), Wings (N = 28), perimeter players (Drivers; N = 25), Points (N = 19), and Goalkeepers (N = 18). The variables included body height, body weight, body mass index, arm span, triceps- and subscapular-skinfold. Specific physical fitness tests comprised: four swimming tests, namely: 25m, 100m, 400m and a specific anaerobic 4×50m test (average result achieved in four 50m sprints with a 30 sec pause), vertical body jump (JUMP; maximal vertical jump from the water starting from a water polo defensive position) and a dynamometric power achieved in front crawl swimming (DYN).ANOVA with post-hoc comparison revealed significant differences between positions for most of the anthropometrics, noting that the Centers were the heaviest and had the highest BMI and subscapular skinfold. The Points achieved the best results in most of the swimming capacities and JUMP test. No significant group differences were found for the 100m and 4×50m tests. The Goalkeepers achieved the lowest results for DYN.Given the representativeness of the sample of subjects, the results of this study allow specific insights into the physical fitness and anthropometric features of high-level junior water polo players and allow coaches to design a specific training program aimed at achieving the physical fitness results presented for each playing position.

10

The morphology of the segmented polyurethanes synthesized using various chain extenders studied by AFM method

80%

Wolińska-Grabczyk A. , Muszyński J. , Jankowski A. , Żak J.

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2001

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tom z. 146

299-302

EN

The morphological structure of the segmented polyetherurethanes (PU) has been studied using atomic force microscopy. The polymers were synthesized from poly(oxytetramethylene)diol (PTMO), 2,4-TDI and various low molecular weight diols or diamines as chain extenders. The length of the PTMO based soft segments, predeterminated by the molecular weight of the macrodiol (Mn=1000), and the length of the hard segments resulted from the initial molar ratio of the reagents (PTMO/TDI/ChEt 1:4:3), were kept unvaried for this set of polyurethanes. Hence, the observed variations in the morphology of the investigated polyurethanes can be directly attributed to the molecular structure of the hard segments resulting from the chain extender used.

11

Romana Laskowskiego koncepcja opisu kategorii rodzaju w języku polskim

80%

Bobrowski I.

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2015

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nr Numer Specjalny

27-35

EN

Probably the most elaborate intellectual construct in Roman Laskowski’s morphology is his schematic presentation of the bridgeheads linking grammatical gender in Polish nouns to verbs, adjectives, and numerals. Although it occupies just two pages of print, to complete this study Laskowski had to analyze thousands of syntactic diagnostic contexts. The present paper tries to recall and comment on Laskowski’s original concept of grammatical gender in Polish.

12

Deprefiksacja czasownikowa w języku litewskim

80%

Ostrowski N. I.

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tom 38

172-181

EN

This paper discusses the development of several Lithuanian prefixal verbs (su-bradžióti ‘to do a wrong thing’, iš-skìlti ‘to strike spark’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘to open / to close’, iš-réikšti ‘to express’, ap-àkti ‘to go blind’) and their relation to simplex forms (bradžióti ‘wade; do a wrong thing’, skìlti ‘to strike spark’, vérti ‘to thread; to prick; to open; to close’, réikšti ‘to express, to mean’, àkti ‘to go blind’). What these forms have in common is deprefixation, a kind of retrograde derivation exemplified by subradžióti → bradžióti.

PL

Artykuł omawia rozwój kilku czasowników prefigowanych w języku litewskim (su-bradžióti ‘czynić źle’, iš-skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, at-vérti / už-vérti ‘otwierać / zamykać’, iš-réikšti ‘wyrażać coś, znaczyć’, ap-àkti ‘oślepnąć’) oraz ich stosunek do form nieprefigowanych (bradžióti ‘brodzić; postępować źle’, skìlti ‘rozpalać ogień’, vérti ‘nawlekać; przebijać; otwierać; zamykać’, réikšti ‘wyrażać; mieć znaczenie’, àkti ‘ślepnąć’). Cechą wspólną omawianej grupy jest deprefiksacja, rodzaj derywacji wstecznej ilustrowanej przez parę su-bradžióti → bradžióti. W jej wyniku czasownik nieprefigowany rozszerza swój zasób znaczeń o nowe pojęcie, pierwotnie ograniczone tylko do czasownika przedrostkowego.

13

The Hierarchical Structure of Selected Morphological and Motoric Variables in Ski Jumping

80%

Jošt B.

Human Movement

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 2

124-131

EN

Purpose. The main purpose of the present research paper was to establish a hierarchical factor structure in a selected sample of morphological and motor variables of ski jumpers; such variables are base constituents of the potential performance model in ski jumping. Basic procedures. The subject sample was Slovene ski jumpers older than 15 years (n = 72), tested in May 2008. The research was done on a selection of 41 variables (12 basic morphological ones, seven from a special morphological index, 10 basic motoric ones and 12 special dynamic variables of take-off power). Main findings. Through factor analysis in the first phase, nine factors were excluded from the manifest variables of first orders: 1. Factor of velocity power (34.9% of variance); 2. Factor of longitudinal body dimensions (17.2% of variance); 3. Factor of morphological index of flight aerodynamics (12.2% of variance); 4. Factor of morphological index of take-off (7.3% of variance), 5. Factor of push-off explosive power (5.0% of variance), 6. Factor of informatic component of motorics (3.5% of variance); 7. Factor of specific morphological index of thigh dimensions (3.1% of variance), 8. Factor of transversal dimensions of body (2.4% of variance), 9. Factor of flexibility of hips (2.2% of variance). All nine factors of the first order explained 88% of variance of manifest variables. On the basis of configuration of nine factors of the first order in the second phase, four components were excluded from the second order with 62.7% of total variance. The first was component of specific take-off movement (22.9% of variance), followed by component of thigh dimension (14.5% of variance), then component of specific flight potential (13.0% of variance) and finally component of basic morphology (12.1% of variance). On the third level of factor analysis, two general factors of ski jumpers with 57.1% of total variance were found. The first was the general factor of specific movement of ski jumpers (29.8% of variance) and second the general factor of morphology (27.7% of variance). Conclusions. The research confirms the main hypothesis that hierarchical latent factor structures of manifest motor and morphological variables exist. The independent primary factors of the first order are crucial for understanding the latent dimensions of the potential performance model on the second and third level. This factor shows the structure between manifest dimensions more clearly and their relations are more understandable.

14

Does the Genitive Operate in the Hungarian Case System?: I. Theé-Genitive

80%

Bielecki R.

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2010

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tom 52

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nr 2

7-25

EN

After three centuries of discussion concerning the genitive case in Hungarian, the authors of the latest academic grammars - in contrast to many of their predecessors - no longer distinguish this casal category. Different cases in Hungarian should, according to them, be distinguished only on the basis of their forms (endings). Such an extreme unilateral approach to this category seems to have simplified at first sight the description of the Hungarian language, erasing from it any case syncretism. From the point of the view defended in the present paper, however, talking about linguistic entities without taking into account their meaning is illusory; even in the case of meaningless speech segments such as phonemes it is the meaning of the segments in which they occur that constitutes the ultimate instance allowing them to be distinguished at all. The same applies to case. The moderate approach to the category of case adopted here, taking simultaneously into account its (i) morphological, (ii) semantic and (iii) syntactic properties, leads irrevocably to the restoration of the genitive in the description of the Hungarian language. As a specific feature of this language one should consider the sharp distinction between two subclasses of the genitive case: (i) the non-attributive (é-genitive) and (ii) the attributive genitive (Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive). Only the first of these (the é-genitive) will be discussed in detail. The second (the Ø-/nak-/nek-genitive) will be the subject of a continuation of the present paper. Recognition of the é-genitive seems to have been blocked by those of its properties which seem to be quite incongruous with those of other Hungarian cases. It is claimed, for example, that the marker -é - unlike the markers of other cases - seems not to express any syntagmatic function. This function is expressed by the case marker attached after the morpheme -é (A diákét (láttam) '(I saw) The student's one'). In the view of the author, however, the lack of syntagmatic function in the case of the morpheme -é is not so obvious. On the other hand, such "discrediting" properties for a case marker candidate, as the property of not occupying the final morphotactical position (diákét), can be viewed as entirely irrelevant for the category of case. The adopted approach seems to make possible a description of this fragment of the Hungarian case system from a more homogenous perspective, showing the interplay of different casal meanings within the boundaries of one word.

15

Morphological and biochemical variation among common reed (Phragmites australis) populations in northwest Poland

80%

Drapikowska M. , Krzakowa M.

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2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.2

29-38

EN

Plant material from 42 common reed populations originating from various lakes and ponds in northwest Poland were investigated with respect to eight panicle traits and three peroxidase loci that were detected with electrophoresis. Genetic differences between populations were estimated based on allozyme frequencies. Electrophoretic data indicated that some populations contain an excess of heterozygotes, pointing to extensive gene flow, which is typical of panmictic, openpollinated populations.

16

Diccionario de Catalina la Grande (1787-1789). Análisis del material español

70%

Stala E.

Studia Iberystyczne

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2011

|

tom 10

151-163

EN

This article presents the Spanish material from an unknown 19th century dictionary published in S. Petersburg by P.S. Pallas. After a brief biographical note, followed by the presentation of the lexicographic material, its analysis in terms of its transliteration, phonetics, morphology and lexical features is presented. As usual, it turns out that the study of any unknown material reveals new linguistic surprises and is an infallible way to increase the knowledge, even to a limited extent, of the history of any language. Keywords: historical lexicography, language history, phonetics, m

17

Asymmetry in certain morphological characters of the carangid species Decapterus russelli, collected from the Lemah coastal area, on the northern part of Oman Sea

70%

Jawad L. A. , Al-Mamry J. M. , Al-Kharusi A. A. , Al-Habsi S. H.

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2010

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tom Vol. 39, No.2

55-62

EN

Asymmetry analysis has been carried out for some bilateral characters of Decapterus russelli (Family: Carangidae) collected from Oman Sea. The results showed that postorbital length demonstrated the highest incidence of asymmetry among the characters studied. The lowest asymmetry value was for the number of pectoral fin rays. An increasing trend in the asymmetry value with fish length is also obtained for preorbital length, number of pectoral fins and number of lateral line scutes. A similar trend is also evident in the postorbital length and eye lens diameter of individuals with body sizes <160 mm. The possible causes of asymmetry in this species are herein discussed in relation to different pollutants and their presence in the area.

18

O potrzebie, a nawet konieczności uwzględnienia infiksów w opisie polskiej fleksji werbalnej

70%

Perlin J.

Linguistica Copernicana

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2013

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nr 1(9)

203-213

EN

The aim of this paper is to present proof that infixes, being markers of the perspective aspect, exist in Polish verbal inflection. At the same time, it is demonstrated that some Polish, and more generally, Slavic affixes, constitute better examples of infixes than those that have been appearing in coursebooks and encyclopaedias of general linguistics so far. Moreover, it is suggested that there is a possibility of t includin infixes in descriptions of inflections of certain Germanic languages.

19

INFLUENCE OF CROSSLINKING PROCESS CONDITIONS ON MOLECULAR AND SUPERMOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CHITOSAN HYDROGEL MEMBRANE

70%

Gierszewska-Drużyńska M. , Ostrowska-Czubenko J.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2011

|

tom 16

15 - 22

EN

Unmodified (Ch) and ionically crosslinked with sodium tripolyphosphate (Ch/TPP) chitosan membranes were prepared. Various crosslinking conditions (pH, crosslinking time) were applied. Differences in membrane molecular structure was examined using FTIR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX) Spectrometer as well as atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used for estimation of an effect of crosslinking conditions on supermolecular structure of chitosan membrane. Strong effect of pH of crosslinking TPP solution on crosslinking agent distribution inside the membranes and roughness of membrane surface was found. Differences in membrane morphology prior and after crosslinking results from differences in crosslinking density.

20

Characterization of wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant infested by and identification of the African black beetle Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775), a pest attacking wheat in Cameroon

70%

Achiri T. D. , Chaba A. F. , Nsobinenyui D. , Khumbah N. D.

World News of Natural Sciences

|

2024

|

tom 53

159-168

EN

In a study to investigate the growth and yield performance of wheat varieties, it was observed that some plants showed some leaf yellowing and overall stunted growth. Upon uprooting, some unidentified creamy white larvae were observed. A trial was later conducted to ascertain the extend of infestation by these larvae and eventually identify them using morphological measurements and pictorial comparisons. The study was conducted in the Research farm of the University of Bamenda, Cameroon in 2023. Results revealed that wheat plants infested by the weevil had many yellow leaves and dry old leaves. The roots were severely damaged and the plants did not produce spikes. The infested plants were easy to uproot. Larval and adult infestation rate were 35.0% and 12.5%, respectively. Larval and adult body length were 27.34 mm and 13.21 mm, respectively. The larva and adults were identified as the African Black Beetle ABB Heteronychus arator (Fabricius, 1775) (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Thus, the ABB is reported for the first time as a damaging pest of wheat in Cameroon. Morphological and pictorial identification of the ABB are supported by established keys. The current study ignites research need into management of ABB and its ecological interactions with biotic and abiotic factors.