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1

Pediastrum privum (Printz) Hegewald (Chlorophyceae) in Lake Małe Zmarłe, northern Poland

100%

Kowalska J. , Wołowski K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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tom Vol. 39, No.3

137-143

EN

This report on Pediastrum privum (Printz) Hegewald in Lake Małe Zmarłe (Tuchola Forest) is only the second for Poland and the first to describe its morphological variability in a natural population. This study was performed using light microscopy (LM) micrographs, together with data on its ecology.

2

Morphological variability of Fomes fomentarius basidiomata based on literature data

100%

Gáperová S. , Gáper J. , Gašparcová T. , Náplavová K. , Pristaš P.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis Studia Naturae

|

2016

EN

Currently two morphological species of the genus Fomes (Polyporaceae, Basidiomycota) are known: F. fomentarius (L.) Fr. and F. fasciatus (Sw.) Cooke. Both species are very important in the decomposition of wood and in the nutrient cycling in forest ecosystems. Moreover, F. fomentariusis also known as a source of medicinal and nutraceutical products. Recently the existence of three separate ITS lineages/sublineages among F. fomentarius strains has been clearly established – A1 (the strains isolated from North America), A2 (only from Europe) and B (from Europe and Asia). In this review the current knowledge of the morphological variability of F. fomentarius basidiomata has been summarized in respect of the reliable separation of its lineages/sublineages. Micro- and macrofeatures and geographic variability of the basidiomata have been described. Morphological traits of the F. fomentarius basidiomata can vary due to geographical distribution. These phenotypic differences can be based on the presence of several groups or interactions between the genotype and environment. However, no clear differences between basidiomata, useful for reliable separation of the lineages/sublineages, have been observed so far. A recent description in North American Fomes research articles is based on basidiomata of the A1 sublineage. It is most possible that the descriptions in European literature are based on basidiomata of two other lineages/sublineages and thus we cannot discriminate between them. In the future a detailed study of the macro- and microtraits – pileus and pore surface colors, basidioma size, depth of tube layer, and basidiospore size – is therefore proposed for reliable separation of the lineages/sublineages of F. fomentarius.

3

Grammepus Hitchcock, 1858 : A sedimentary variant of the fossil insect trackway Lithographus

88%

Getty P. R. , Ward M. , Simon J.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2021

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tom Vol. 91, No. 2

113--120

EN

The ichnogenus Grammepus, which is inferred to have been made by a winged (pterygote) insect, was differentiated from other ichnotaxa because its largest tracks were nearly continuous, forming two furrows. Otherwise, it strongly resembles the ichnogenus Lithographus. Examination of both ichnogenera indicate that the largest tracks in Lithographus can be very close together, that some specimens of Grammepus lack furrow-like tracks, and that the type specimen of the type species Grammepus erismatus has separate tracks in some places, and furrow-like ones in others. Given the lack of a feature that can consistently differentiate Lithographus and Grammepus, the latter is synonymized with the former. Experiments with the modern cricket Acheta domesticus in sediment of different saturation levels indicate that a single pterygote producer could produce both “Grammepus-” and Lithographus-like morphologies, with the former being formed in wet, soft sediment wherein the legs drag, and the latter being formed in firmer, drier sediment wherein the legs do not drag.

4

Biedronka azjatycka

75%

Kołątaj K.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2014

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nr 3

25-30

EN

Multicolored Asian lady beetle (Harmonia axyridis) originates from middle-east Asia. It is an invasive species, which can be found in the majority of continents, due to its introduction on a wide range in USA and in Europe. It was commonly applied as a pest agent against aphids in the field crops, orchards, gardens and in greenhouses. In Poland this beetle was first time recorded in 2006. Since that moment it colonized substantial area of Poland. In 2008 the Polish Ecological Research Centre started to lead the monitoring of propagation of this species within the country. Despite the fact that this beetle is able to reduce very effectively the populations of aphids and other similar pests, it become a threat to native species of lady beetles and burdensome to people. Apart from this, Multicolored Asian lady beetle can cause some damage in fruit, what can take a place particularly when the level of populations of aphids is low. Especially wine producers suffered from financial losses caused by this insect. Before the winter it can quite often migrate in large number into the buildings and flats and stain the walls, furniture, clothes or electronic equipment. It can also bite people and cause allergic reactions at some of them. It is an aggressive predator with high reproductive potential. In the newly occupied habitats it can disturb the ecological balance of these places by displacing native species. Very characteristic for multicolored Asian lady beetle is extremely high morphological variability.

5

The effect of the ploidy level and genetic background of Sphagnum denticulatum on its morphology and ecological requirements

75%

Melosik I.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

|

2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.4

153-164

EN

This paper presents a current study on the morphology, genetic variability, and ecological requirements of the gametophytically diploid S. denticulatum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae). Its broad variations in morphology and physiology, coupled with its low genetic variability, may be explained by epigenetic remodeling in response to environmental heterogeneity. Phenotypes initiated via a plastic response can be canalized in the stable and predictable conditions on the bottom of Lobelia lakes. The problem of the different development of these isolated populations is a matter for further taxonomic studies and discussion. Taking into account the great physiological tolerance and massive development of S. denticulatum, predominantly in man-made and man-modified habitats, the question arises: how far should we go to protect this species? This is particularly important at sites where it threatens the survival of other protected plants.

6

Morphological variability of leaves of Sorbus torminalis [L.] Crantz in Poland

75%

Bednorz L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2006

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tom 75

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nr 3

233-243

EN

This paper presents the results of the study on morphological variability of leaves of a scattered tree species Sorbus torminalis (L.) Crantz) in Poland. The leaves from short- and long shoots were collected from 17 localities widespread within the range of the species in Poland. Leaves were measured according to 15 morphological traits. The biometric data were subjected to multivariate statistical analysis in attempt to define variability between local populations. Most of the leaf traits are significantly correlated and are characterised by moderate level of variation. The average among population component of variation was 32.82% and 27.46% for leaves on short- and long shoots, respectively. The differences between sampled populations are significant, but only a weak geographical pattern of this differentiation was detected. Clinal type of variation was ascertained in two traits. Leaf traits which discriminate best the studied populations are also indicated. It was proved that leaves on short shoots differ markedly in shape and size from those of long shoots. Leaves on long shoots are steadier, but morphological trait values are less correlated. The study also confirmed the occurrence of individuals with leaves characteristic for S. torminalis var. perincisa Borbas et Feck and S. torminalis f. mollis Beck in a few Polish populations.

7

Effects of eutrophication on vendace, Coregonus albula (L.). III. Seasonal morphological variability of vendace from selected lakes in Wielkopolska

75%

Fiszer M. , Przybyl A. , Andrzejewski W. , Mazurkiewicz J. , Golski J. , Przybylska K. , Runowski S.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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2012

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tom 20

|

nr 2

8

Interdependence between dimensions of two Dinoflagellata species (Dinophysis norvegica Claparede et Lachmann, Ceratium tripos O. F. Müller/Nitzsch) and selected parameters of the environment

75%

Plinski M. , Jozwiak T.

Oceanologia

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1986

|

tom 24

9

Morphological variability of the Carex oederi s. l. inflorescence

75%

Wieclaw H.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation

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2011

|

tom 21

10

Morphological variability of the leaf epidermis in selected taxa of the genus Ficus L. [Moraceae] and its taxonomic implications

75%

Klimko M. , Truchan M.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

|

2006

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tom 75

|

nr 4

309-324

EN

The leaf epidermis of 36 taxa (species, subspecies, varieties and cultivars) of the genus Ficus (subgenera Ficus, Synoecia, Sycomorus, Pharmacosycea and Urostigma) was observed under LM and SEM. Characteristics of the epidermis are of particular taxonomic as well as phylogenetic interest because they differ conspicuously between species. The differences are especially prominent in the size and shape of epidermal cells, the shape of cell walls, peristomatal cuticular rim, the distribution and position of stomata, lithocysts, hydathodes, trichomes, and the types of wax, cuticle and trichomes. Results of this study provided data on new qualitative and quantitative traits of the leaf epidermis in the selected taxa, and confirmed the classification suggested by Berg (1989).

11

Morphological variation assessment in different accessions of Plectranthus forskohlii (Willd) Briq. from South India

75%

Lakshmanan G. M. A. , Manikandan S.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 01

EN

The genus Plectranthus belongs to the family Lamiaceae is found in wild and cultivated condition. In the present work, the cultivars of Plectranthus forskohlii have been collected from Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka at different places. The accessions collected from Karnataka showed high tuber size, length and volume when compared to accessions collected from Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The most significant observation was made in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu cultivar accessions which were grown in the same soil in field condition have much branched root tuber with significant fresh weight as compared with accessions from Kerala. The Kerala accessions were observed with less diffused root tuber with low fresh weight. On the basis of the present research, it was concluded that the phenotypic variations present in leaf, stem and root characters might be due to some genetic heritable variation which may exist in the accessions collected from different locality, and this require further study with respect to their genotypic nature of Plectranthus forskohlii.

12

Comparison of Hymenolepis diminuta WMS strain and WMS inbred line [IL1] at a time of intensified morphological variability of tapeworms

75%

Stradowski M.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1998

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tom 44

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nr 4

EN

9-months tapeworms obtained from 3- 6-specimen populations of the 42nd generation of Hymenolepis diminuta WMS „strain" were compared with tapeworms obtained from quantitatively similar populations deriving from one-specimen infections of H. diminuta WMS il1. In both groups of tapeworms the majority of strobilas had unilateral position of genital pares (PGP), while the remaining ones were characterized by variable PGP. The latter appeared in 41.4% of H. diminuta WMS „strain" tapeworms and in only 24.6% of tapeworms coming from H. diminuta WMS il1. In tapeworms with unilateral as well as with variable PGP deriving from H. diminuta WMS il1, the average number of type 0p3a proglottids (all three testes on the aporal side) was significantly higher than in H. diminuta WMS „strain". It results most probably from suitable selection of mother specimens for successive generations of H. diminuta WMS il1. In both compared groups the growth of the number of PGP changes was correlated positively with the number of type 2p1a proglottids and negatively with the numer of type 1p2a and 0p3a proglottids.

13

Morphological variability in single female progenies of Cephalenchus hexalineatus [Geraert, 1962] and Filenchus misellus [Andrassy, 1958] [Nematoda: Tylenchida]

75%

Hanel L.

Annales Zoologici

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2000

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

EN

Morphological variability of parthenogenetic Cephalenchus hexalineatus and amphimictic Filenchus misellus was studied in populations of single female progenies reared on birch seedlings in laboratory for four months. In the females of both species the measurements and the indices related to the anterior body part (stylet length, pharynx length, position of excretory pore and hemizonid, MB, EP%L) and to the genital area (V, V’) were the least variable morphological characteristics. Ovary length, body width, anal body with, tail length, and indices a and c’ showed the greatest variability. The taxonomy of both species is discussed.

14

Morphological variation of modern and fossil seeds of Cladium mariscus [L.] Pohl

75%

Klimko M. , Truchan M.

Biological Bulletin of Poznań

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1999

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tom 36

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nr 2

15

Morphological and enzymatic variability and adaptation of zig-zag clover [Trifolium medium L.]

75%

Bulinska-Radomska Z.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1999

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tom 40

|

nr 4

16

Morphological variability of Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani [Gmel.] Palla of Wielki Ocypel Lake

75%

Klimko M.

|

1997

|

tom 34

17

Morphological variation of oospores in the population of Chara rudis A. Braun in a mesotrophic lake

75%

Boszke P. , Bociag K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

|

nr 1

EN

The morphological variation of Chara rudis A. Braun oospores was examined in a local population in a deep (43 m), hardwater (34 mg Ca dm–3) and mesotrophic (Ptot 0.095 mg P dm–3, SD 8 m) lake (NW Poland). Two variants of population density and three variants of depth were taken into account. Oospores are 712.8 ± 37.6 (600–817) μm long and 452.6 ± 34.2 (350–516) μm wide. They have 8–13 ridges. The outer membrane is slightly granulated. The isopolarity index (length/width × 100) is 158.4 ± 9.9 (140–190). The variation coefficient varies from 5% for oospore length to around 10% for fossa width. It was shown that the differences between oospores coming from individual depth and density variants are statistically significant. The biggest (733.21 ± 33.3 μm) oospores occurred on individuals growing at a depth of 3 m, while the smallest ones (673.3 ± 43.4 μm) at 5 m. The oospores from highly dense aggregations (> 50 individuals × 0.1 m–2) were much longer and wider than oospores from scattered (<10 individuals × 0.1 m–2) individuals. The observed intrapopulation variation of oospores can be regarded as a response to environmental changes along the depth gradient.

18

Morphological variability of Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl in the north-western Balkans

63%

Jarni K. , Westergren M. , Kraigher H. , Brus R.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2011

|

tom 80

|

nr 3

EN

Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl is a species native in the north-western Balkans, where it has a divided range. Most of its range is located in flood-prone riparian sites in the Pannonian plain but the species is also found on humid sites along some rivers in the Submediterranean region. We analysed morphologic variation within and between five populations (14 trees/population) located in the Subpannonian and Submediterranean region of Slovenia. Thirty two characters were assessed on ca. 80 leaves from each tree which were divided depending on exposure to sunlight (sun and shade leaves), and 8 traits on each fruit (ca. 50 fruits/tree). A hierarchically designed experiment using analysis of variance confirmed the significant contribution of all the analysed hierarchical levels of variation to the total variation. The results show that the differences between the trees in a single population are the greatest factor of variability of leaves, followed by differences between populations and differences which are the result of variation in exposure to sunlight. Leaves in shade positions are typically larger than those in sunny positions, and they have broader and shorter-pointed leaflets; in this feature they are very similar to the leaves of F. excelsior. Stepwise discriminant analysis showed that the traits which refer to the leaflet number and length are the best differentiating traits between individual populations. The Submediterranean population Dragonja stands out with the smallest leaves and the population Lijak from the same region is the most similar to Dragonja for most morphological traits. In general, phenotypic differences between the Subpannonian and the Submediterranean populations of F. angustifolia are minor and indistinct. Based on the differences ascertained by the study, we can only confirm the presence of F. angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa (Bieb. ex Willd.) Franco et Rocha Alfonso in this part of its natural range.

19

Morphological variability and individual development cycle of Sagitta enflata (Grassi) 1881 as compared with the shelf water dynamics of North-West Africa

63%

Koszteyn J.

Oceanologia

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1983

|

tom 16

20

Morphological variability of leaves of Sorbus domestica L. in Croatia

63%

Poljak I. , Kajba D. , Ljubic I. , Idzojtic M.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2015

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tom 84

|

nr 2

EN

The paper studies the morphological variability of the service tree populations in the continental and Mediterranean regions of Croatia. The inter- and intra-population variability, as well as eco-geographic population differentiation, was established on the basis of eight measured morphological characteristics of two types of leaflets (lateral and terminal) and two derived ratios, using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. The conducted research established a high variability of morphological characteristics. In comparison with lateral leaflets, terminal leaflets showed a higher degree of variability for the majority of the studied variables. The differences between the trees within populations, as well as the differences between populations, were confirmed for all studied characteristics. The study also confirmed a trend of population variations according to the eco-geographic principle. Populations from climatically different and geographically distant habitats, in other words from the Mediterranean and the continental region, differed in the majority of studied characteristics. In addition to the established pattern of ecotypical variability between the continental and the Mediterranean regions, the clinal variability with regard to altitude and mean annual temperature was also confirmed. Small, although statistically significant clinal variability with regard to the longitude was recorded for two measured characteristics. The conducted study provided insights into the variability of the service tree populations in Croatia, which is a basis for further research that should be implemented in order to produce guidelines for the breeding and conservation of genetic resources of this rare and endangered noble hardwood species.