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tom 47
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nr 3
299-308
EN
Gaeumannomyces graminis is an etiologic agent of take-all, economically important disease of cereals worldwide. A polymerase chain reaction with variety-specific primers was successfully used for detection of G. graminis var. tritici in plant tissue. Obtained results showed that this diagnostic method is a very sensitive and useful tool for detection of the pathogen even before disease symptoms arise. DNA polymorphism revealed by RAPD-PCR with three arbitrary primers was suitable for assessing genetic variation among Ggt isolates originating from wheat and rye.
PL
Gaeumannomyces graminis jest czynnikiem etiologicznym zgorzeli podstawy źdźbła i korzeni, ekonomicznie ważnej choroby zbóż o zasięgu światowym. W badaniach zastosowano łańcuchową reakcję polimerazy z odmianowo-specyficznymi starterami do wykrywania Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt) zarówno w czystych kulturach jak i tkance roślinnej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że zastosowana metoda diagnostyczna jest bardzo czułym i użytecznym narzędziem do wykrywania patogena jeszcze przed wystąpieniem objawów choroby na korzeniach. Polimorfizm DNA ujawniony na drodze analizy RAPD-PCR z trzema losowymi starterami był wystarczający do określenia zróżnicowania genetycznego izolatów Ggt pochodzących z pszenicy i żyta.
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and distribution patterns of LSDV infections in the provinces of northern Turkey, and to detect the factors influencing the epidemiology of LSD virus infections (age, breed, season, climate, geography, population dynamic, animal movement), as well as to assess the diagnostic value of the sampled materials in the diagnosis of LSDV infections. Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an economically important cattle disease. The disease is endemic in many African countries, but outbreaks have also been reported in Turkey and the Middle East. In this study, a total of 564 samples (skin, blood and lung) from different cattle breeds (Jersey, Holstein-Friesian, Anatolian Black, Simmental and Brown Swiss) (n = 465) in the many herds suspected of lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection as clinically and macroscopic pathologic remarks, housed in the 7 different provinces of northern Turkey, were used for gel based conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). LSDV nucleic acid was detected in 259 of 564 (45.92%) materials by PCR. According to the result of PCR, the LSDV infection was diagnosed in 54.62% (254/465) of the sampled animals. The diagnostic value of necropsy and clinical materials such as skin and lung were determined as more valuable diagnostic materials in the diagnosis of LSDV infection by PCR. Data showed that LSDV infection was widespread in the provinces of northern Turkey and that the prevalence of the infection in the region varies in accordance with factors such as geographical conditions (climate, season, location etc.) and the method of breeding.
EN
The distribution of noroviruses is worldwide. In industrialized countries, noroviruses are the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks and play an important role in sporadic gastroenteritis as well. Transmission may occur through the ingestion of contaminated foods or water, through person-to-person contact, or by way of direct contact with contaminated surfaces. Of particular importance is their ability to cause waterborne outbreaks linked either to the direct consumption of water or to its recreational uses. This article reviews the clinical manifestations and epidemiology of norovirus infection, and describes over 40 waterborne norovirus outbreaks, their respective probable sources of contamination and - where water samples were tested - the genetic types identified.
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