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EN
The aim of this study was to clone new secretory antigen of Fasciola hepatica and to predict its availability for immune system. The new cathepsin L - FhPcW1 (F. hepatico cysteine proteinase Warsaw 1), GenBank accession: EF407948, cDNA was cloned from adult F. hepatica flukes using RACE-PCR method. FhPcW1 is encoded by a 1,066 bp mRNA with a predicted open reading frame (ORF) of 326 amino acids (predicted pl = 5.41, m.w. = 37.137 kDa). Performed bioinformatic analysis included alignments of the nucleotide and amino acid sequences, the ExPASy (Expert Protein Analysis System) proteomics server of the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics and National Center for Biotechnology Information. Performed analyses allowed to suppose that FhPcW1 is a secreted protein, which contains signal peptide, serine, threonine, tyrosine phosphorylation sites and four tyrosine sulfation sites, and does not contain glycosylation sites. The ORF corresponding to FhPcW1 exhibited strong similarity to previously cloned cathepsins L from the F. hepatico as well as F. gigantica. Predicted biochemical characteristics fits to the described before F. hepatica cathepsin Ls. Moreover, three dimensional model and MHC types ligation strength prediction were performed. Analysis of MHC type I and II peptide binding suggests that FhPcW1 may have significant immunogenic potential. The potential HLA II epitopes are situated at the outer surface of this protein. Thus, these epitopes seems to be available for immune response, especially for antibodies. This result may show that FhPcW1 seems to be a promising antigen for vaccination against F. hepatica.
EN
Serpins are a broadly distributed family of protease inhibitors. In this study, the gene encoding Bombyx mori serpin-2 (Bmserpin-2) was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The Bmserpin-2 cDNA contains a 1125 bp open reading frame (ORF). The deduced protein has 374 amino-acid residues, contains a conserved SERPIN domain and shares extensive homology with other invertebrate serpins. RT-PCR analysis showed that Bmserpin-2 was expressed in all developmental stages of B. mori larvae and various larval tissues. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that Bmserpin-2 protein was located in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, real-time quantitative PCR revealed that the expression of Bmserpin-2 in the midgut of susceptible B. mori strain 306 significantly increased at 72 hours post inoculation (hpi) when infected with BmNPV. However, there was no significant increase of the Bmserpin-2 expression in resistant strain NB infected with BmNPV. Thus, our data indicates that Bmserpin-2 may be involved in B. mori antiviral response.
EN
High expression of osmotically responsive genes 1 (HOS1) encodes an ubiquitin E3 ligase that promotes the degradation of transcription factor Inducer of CBF Expression 1 (ICE1). Inactivation of ICE1 reduces CBF-induced activation of many cold-responsive genes, and thus, HOS1 act as a negative regulator of cold-responsive genes. In this paper, a novel HOS1 gene, designated PtrHOS1 (Genebank accession number FJ844367), was cloned by RT-PCR and RACE-PCR from trifoliate orange [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.]. The full length of PtrHOS1 is 3,434 bp with an open reading frame of 2,922 bp, encoding a protein of 974 amino acids with a molecular weight of 110.2 kDa and a theoretical isoelectric point of 5.55. Sequence alignment showed that PtrHOS1 protein had a conserved RING finger domain in its N-terminal region and shared high identity with other plant species HOS1-like proteins. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that PtrHOS1 could be constitutively expressed at high levels in leaves, stems and roots. Interestingly, the PtrHOS1 expression had a declined period in leaves, stems and roots after cold and ABA treatments, which suggested that the PtrHOS1 expression was down regulated both by cold and ABA. Moreover, the decline was first occurred in leaves (30 min), followed with stems (2 h) and roots (4 h) after cold treatments. These results probably suggest that the leaves of trifoliate orange first sense the cold stress, followed with stems and roots. Oppositely, after ABA treatments, the significant decline of PtrHOS1 expression was first occurred in roots (15 min), followed with stems and leaves (30 min). Our results provide useful information for further studies about cold acclimation mechanism in citrus.
EN
Stomatal guard cells are highly differentiated cell types within the epidermis of higher plant leaves. These cells are intimately involved in regulating gas exchange, i.e. the release of water and the uptake of CO2, through the leaf surface. Guard cells represent an interesting cell type since they respond to various plant internal (e.g. hormones) and external (e.g. humidity, light, CO2) signals in a relatively simple manner. Stomatal pore size is changed by modulating the level of osmotically active compounds within the guard cells. In the past, guard cells have mainly been studied using electrophysiological, biochemical and whole-plant techniques. Only recently molecular techniques have been applied to address questions regarding control mechanisms of stomatal functioning. In the following a short overview is given on these molecular approaches.
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