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Effect of vegetation patchiness and site factors on distribution and diversity of testate amoebae and ciliates in peatbogs

100%

Mieczan T.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2010

tom 58

nr 1

Testate amoebae and ciliates are common inhabitants of moist soils, lakes and peatbogs. These microorganisms are important consumers of bacteria, flagellates and algae; they also participate in transformation of the organic matter and nutrient regeneration. The complexity of micro-environmental conditions present in peatbogs and the challenges associated with the proper sampling may partly explain the fact that these microorganisms are still much less studied than other components of the ecosystem. The influence of emergent and submerged plants on community composition, abundance and biomass of testate amoebae and ciliates were investigated in two peatbogs in the eastern Poland. The raised and carbonate bogs selected for this study were considered to be representative of the bogs of the region and contained a broad diversity of habitats. Samples were collected in patches of Sphagnum angustifolium (C.C.O. Jensen ex Russow), Sphagnum cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., Sphagnum palustre L., belts of Phragmites australis (Car.), Typha latifolia L., Carex acutiformis Ehrhart., Calliergonella cuspidata (Hedw.) and beds of Utricularia sp. Sampling was done on a monthly basis from April to November. At each plant patch (microhabitat) and each sampling date the water was sampled using a plexiglass core (length 1.0 m, Ø50 mm). Comparison of the species number, abundance and biomass (estimated in C organic units) of testate amoebae and ciliates between Sphagnum patches did not show statistically significant differences. The significant differences were noted in patches of plants in carbonate peatbog. The highest species number (40–46) was found in the Utricularia and Calliergonella, and the lowest richness (26–20) in the Typha, Phragmites and Carex. The density and biomass of protozoa communities, increase together with the abundance and the level of the complicated spatial structure of the plants. Based on differences in plant structure, two groups of habitats with similar patterns of size-related testate amoebae and ciliate distribution were distinguished. The first group consisted of three vegetated zones of smooth stem structure (Phragmites, Typha and Carex), the second group comprised plant species, which were more complex (Sphagnum, Utricularia and Calliergonella). In the redundancy analysis, water level, pH, concentration of TP, chlorophyll a and TOC together explain 45% of the variation in the species distribution data. The contribution of conductivity, dissolved oxygen TN and DOC was not (or marginally) statistically significant.

Acanthamoeba polyphaga trophozoite binding of representative fungal single cell forms

100%

Smith S. , Khan J. , Armstrong R. , Mohindru B. , Prince M. , Whipps J.

Acta Protozoologica

2010

tom 49

nr 4

Lead tolerance in plants growing on dry and moist soils

100%

Wierzbicka M. , Potocka A.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

2002

tom 44

This study addresses what underlies the high tolerance of some plant species to lead. The tolerance to lead of six species differing in their water requirements (xerophytes, mesophytes and hydrophytes) was determined. Seedlings were treated with lead (2.5 mg/dm3 Pb2+ from PbCl2) for 8 days in a hydroponic culture. Tolerance to lead (on the basis of root growth, i.e., index of tolerance), lead concentration in tissues and lead transport to stems (using AAS) were studied. The presence of lead in organs, tissues and cells was determined by the rhodizonate method. Using the results, we classified the tested plant species according to lead tolerance, in the following order: Berteroa incana < Helichrysum sp. < Leontodón hispidus < Cucumus sativus < Dianthus carthusianorum < Rumex aquaticus. The lead tolerance of these species correlated with their water requirements. Plants from dry stands demonstrated the lowest tolerance to lead (Berteroa incana IT = 10%, Helichrysum sp. IT = 15%), those from damp stands had higher tolerance, and those from wet stands had the highest (Rumex aquaticus IT = 60%). This dependence was corroborated by field observations showing that mesophyte species dominate calamine waste heaps (55%) despite the drought conditions and strong insolation that prevail there.