Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Simulation and experimental study of hydraulic cylinder in oscillating float-type wave energy converter

100%

Lai W. , Li D. , Xie Y.

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tom nr 2

30--38

EN

Hydraulic cylinders play a vital role in the energy output (PTO) system of an oscillating float-type wave Energy converter, whose function is to convert the mechanical energy captured by the float from the waves into hydraulic energy. The performance of the hydraulic cylinder determines the conversion efficiency of mechanical energy to hydraulic energy in the system; therefore, it is necessary to study the working mechanism of the hydraulic cylinder. This paper takes a self-developed oscillating float-type wave energy converter as the research object, and studies the working mechanism of its hydraulic cylinder, and uses the linear analysis method to derive the critical self-excited vibration curve of the hydraulic cylinder. In addition, the effects of the external load, hydraulic cylinder load mass, stroke length, spring stiffness and piston area on the performance of the hydraulic cylinder were studied by AMESim simulation software. According to the simulation results, a physical model of the hydraulic cylinder is established. Finally, the physical model is tested in a hydrodynamic pool. The test results show that the hydraulic cylinder can stably and efficiently convert mechanical energy into hydraulic energy even under small waves, thus verifying the rationality of the hydraulic cylinder design.

2

The role of plants in experimental biological reclamation in a bed of furnace waste from coal-based energy

75%

Dyguś K. H.

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tom Vol. 16, nr 1

8--22

EN

In the model experiment, an assessment of the role of plants in the reclamation of the bed of combustion waste from coal-based power plants fertilised with compost and sewage sludge. The bed of combustion waste was stored in cylindrical containers with a diameter of 80 cm (0.5 m2 of surface) and the height of 100 cm. The first stage of the experiment was carried out in 2006–2007. Then the bed was fertilised with four types of compost and sewage sludge, and then seeded with four species of grasses and white mustard. The second stage was undertaken in 2011–2013. In 2011, mixture of four species of grasses and white mustard was seeded on the same bed. It was assumed that the continuation of research in the second stage, whose results of are presented in this paper, will show a broader spectrum of vegetation changes, what will accurately track the process of biological reclamation of the bed of combustion waste. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of reclamation in the experiment, based on the percentage estimates of the coverage of species and crop yields. During the three-year (second stage) experiment 78 species of self-seeding plants belonging to 19 taxa in the rank of families and 11 syntaxonomic groups were recorded. The most numerous were the families: aster family, grass family, papilionaceous family, goosefoot family and cabbage family. Among the syntaxonomic groups the dominating species belonged to the class Stellarietea mediae, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Artemisietea vulgaris. Among the forms of life hemicryptophyte and therophytes were the most represented. Highest total yields of plants were found in model containers with Complex compost and Radiowo compost and the model of sewage sludge. Based on the estimated models in each degree of coverage of species and crop yield, the highest reclamation efficiency was demonstrated in the models of reclamation of composts Complex and Radiowo, as well as in the model of sewage sludge. The lowest efficiency was demonstrated in models of composts ZUSOK and plant composts.

3

Male aggressive behaviour and the role of delayed plumage maturation in the red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva [Bechstein, 1792] during the breeding season

63%

Mitrus C.

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nr 1

51-59

4

Essential oil from Salvia officinalis L. and its effect on microbial parameters of piglets in a model experiment

51%

Poracova J. , Taylorova B. , Salamon I.

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nr 4

78-85

EN

Plant essential oils and their active components have shown a large scale of activities: as antimicrobials, anti-oxidants, digestive stimulators, anti-inflammators, appetisers and performance enhancers. The antimicrobial properties of the essential oil from sage (Salvia officinalis L., family Lamiaceae) were evaluated against selected bacteria in a model experiment in crossbred piglets (Slovak White x Pietrain) weaned at 10 days of age. The essential oil was applied daily in a dose of 0.05% into the commercial feed mixture ČOS 1 and ČOS 2 for a period of three weeks, starting at the age of 21 days to 7 piglets in an experimental group and pathogen concentrations were compared with a control group of 3 piglets. Faecal samples of piglets were analyzed on the 21st, 35th and 42nd days of age and counts of anaerobes, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria and enterococci were performed. The differences in counts of selected bacteria within the control group during the experiment were not statistically significant. The counts within the experimental group showed statistically significant differences (p<0.05) in number of all selected bacteria between 1st and 2nd samplings. The anaerobic bacteria count was also significantly different on 21st and 42nd day of age. Comparing the control and the experimental group counts of Escherichia coli at the age of 35 days were significantly lower in the experimental group. All statistically significant differences observed showed decrease in selected bacteria counts. No adverse effects on animal health were noticed when using sage essential oil. Therefore, sage oil may be recommended to be an alternative fytoaditive antimicrobial supplement to conventional additives used in animal feed. (Because of the essential oil is inhibitory to selected pathogenic microorganisms it may provide alternative and supplement to conventional antimicrobial additives in foods.)

PL

Roślinne olejki eteryczne i ich składniki aktywne działają przeciwbakteryjnie, przeciwutleniająco, stymulująco na przemianę materii, przeciwzapalnie, pobudzają apetyt, poprawiają nastrój. Właściwości przeciwbakteryjne olejku eterycznego z szałwi (Salvia officinalis L., rodzina Lamiaceae) badano w odniesieniu do wybranych bakterii w doświadczeniu modelowym przeprowadzonym na prosiętach-mieszańcach (Słowacki Biały i Pietrain), karmionych mlekiem matki do 10. dnia życia. Olejek eteryczny podawano codziennie w dawce 0,05% jako dodatek do paszy ČOS 1 i ČOS 2 przez 3 tygodnie, poczynając od 21. dnia życia. Porównywano stężenia bakterii patogennych u 7 prosiąt z grupy badanej i 3 z grupy kontrolnej. Analizowano próbki kału prosiąt z 21., 35., i 42. dnia życia. Zbadano liczbę beztlenowców, Escherichia coli, enterobakterii i enterokoków. Różnica w liczbie wybranych bakterii w grupie kontrolnej w czasie doświadczenia nie była istotna statystycznie, natomiast liczby w grupie badanej różniły się istotnie statystycznie (p<0,05) w przypadku wszystkich badanych bakterii w próbce 1 i 2. Liczba bakterii beztlenowych różniła się znacznie pomiędzy 21. a 42. dniem życia. Liczba bakterii Escherichia coli w grupie badanej 35. dnia była zdecydowanie niższa niż w grupie kontrolnej. Wszystkie różnice istotne statystycznie wskazywały na spadek liczby wybranych bakterii. Podczas stosowania olejku z szałwi nie zaobserwowano działań niepożądanych. Dlatego można polecać stosowanie tego olejku jako dodatku pochodzenia roślinnego do standardowych pasz o działaniu przeciwbakteryjnym.

5

Plony i chemizm roślin wielowariantowego doświadczenia na modelowym złożu odpadów paleniskowych energetyki węglowej

51%

Siuta J. , Dyguś K. H.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2013

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tom Nr 35

9--31

PL

Rekultywacyjną efektywność kompostów i osadu z oczyszczania ścieków komunalnych badano na złożu popiołu elektrociepłowni węglowej umieszczonym w pojemnikach cylindrycznych o średnich 80 i 100 cm wysokości [Siuta i in. 1996]. Jest to drugi etap doświadczenia. Etap pierwszy zrealizowano w latach 2005–2006. Glebotwórcze złoże użyźniono 4 różnymi kompostami i osadem ściekowym [Siuta, Wasiak, Madej 2008]. W tych samych lizymetrycznych pojemnikach badano plonotwórczą efektywność osadu ściekowego i kompostu (z odpadów komunalnych) na złożach: odpadu paleniskowego, wapna z flotacji rudy siarkowej i bezpróchnicznego piasku gliniastego lekkiego. We wszystkich wymienionych złożach był wariant bez organicznego użyźnienia [Siuta i in. 1996]. Wegetacyjna i plonotwórcza efektywność osadu ściekowego była ewidentnie duża, ale jej wielkość zależała od glebotwórczych właściwości złoży. Popiół z energetycznego spalania węgla wykazał znaczny plonotwórczy i glebotwórczy potencjał we wszystkich wariantach użyźnionych masą organiczną. Plonowanie roślin zwiększało się sukcesywnie w miarę postępu neutralizacji alkalicznego odczynu i koncentracji soli rozpuszczalnych. W opracowaniu omówiono też rekultywacyjną efektywność osadów ściekowych na rozległych złożach odpadów paleniskowych, wapna z flotacji rudy siarkowej oraz na składowisku odpadów posodowych o powierzchni 108 ha, gdzie plony bujnej roślinności są kompostowane.

EN

The reclamation efficiency of composts and sewage sludge on coal combustion waste deposits from a coal-fired power station put in cylindrical containers with the diameter of 80 cm and the height of 100 cm each has been examined. It was the second phase of the experiment, the first one took place between 2004 and 2006. Pedogenic deposits were fertilized with five different composts and sewage sludge. In the same lysimetric containers the crop-formation efficiency of sewage sludge and composts (from municipal waste) were examined on the following deposits: combustion waste, lime from the flotation of sulfur ore and humus-less light sandy loam. All the aforementioned deposits featured no variant of organic fertilizing. Sewage sludge produced a great vegetation and crop-formation efficiency, yet its growth depended on pedogenic features of the deposits. Coal combustion ash manifested a significant crop-formation and pedogenic potential in all variants fertilized with an organic matter. Yielding developed gradually along with the increase in neutralization of alkaline reaction and concentration of soluble salts. The study also presents the reclamation efficiency of sewage sludge on the following vast deposits: combustion waste, lime from the flotation of sulfur ore as well as on a 108 ha sodium waste dump where crops of voluptuous vegetation are composted.