This article deals with the topic of mixed mode data collection in quantitative social research. The first part of the article introduces mixed mode data collection in terms of its development, characteristics and terminology. Thereafter, there is a discussion of mixed mode data research design and its usage. In the second part of this paper there is a discussion of important criteria in the effective used of a mixed mode data research design. Here particular attention is devoted to mode effects. The main insights from this overview of mixed mode data research are summarised in a schematic format. The concluding section provides a brief summary of a number of statistical methods for analysing mixed mode data such as Multitrait multimethod (MTMM) approach to studying construct validity. There are also some remarks regarding future developments in mixed mode data collection and analysis in the social sciences.
In 1605, Sebastian Petrycy of Pilzno published a translation of Aristotle’s Politics into Polish, accompanied by his own original commentary. In this work, Petrycy presented an image of an idealized state that served as a model to address the issues within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The article deals with the political thought of Sebastian Petrycy, whom older historiography regarded as a monarchist or even a supporter of absolutism. Contrary to this categorisation, the article analyses the philosopher’s oeuvre through the lens of early modern republican theory. Central to the analysis are the fundamental elements of early modern republicanism such as virtue, freedom, law, and a mixed system. Petrycy critiques the implementation of these principles within the noblemen’s republicanism and proposes modifications to move towards what is defined for the purposes of this article as ‘burghers’ republicanism’. Utilizing Quentin Skinner’s methodology, Petrycy’s work has been set against the political crisis of Zebrzydowski’s rebellion, and its political significance has been demonstrated, despite its academic nature. Additionally, an attempt has been made to highlight Petrycy’s commitment to the royal camp, alongside the hypothesis that the author was expressing the intentions of senators-regalists while simultaneously seeking to improve the situation of non-noble citizens in the country.
Wychodząc z założenia, że istotnym elementem wspólnej polityki społecznej UE powinien być system zabezpieczeń społecznych, w tym odpowiednie, tzn. gwarantujące godne życie, systemy emerytalne, treścią artykułu uczyniono ocenę reformy systemów emerytalnych w różnych krajach, w tym w Polsce. Podejmując ten problem, koncentruje się uwagę nie tylko na dotychczasowych osiągnięciach, w tym zakresie, teorii i praktyki krajów Unii Europejskiej, ale i na doświadczeniach Chile jako kraju, który pierwszy wprowadził otwarte fundusze emerytalne.
EN
Assuming that an essential element of a common EU social policy should be a social security system, including an adequate, i.e. ensuring a decent life, pension systems, this article evaluates the reforms of pension systems in different countries, including Poland. The focus is not only on past achievements in this field, theory and practice of European Union countries, but also on the experiences of Chile as a country that pioneered the introduction of open pension funds.
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