Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Materials for the distribution and ecology of the Mistletoe [Viscum album subsp.album] in Central-Eastern Poland. 4. Vicinity of Sandomierz

100%

Swies F. , Majkut A.

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2003

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tom 58

2

Nowe stanowiska jemioły pospolitej jodłowej Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH. na Pogórzu Śląskim i w północnej części Beskidu Śląskiego

84%

Beczała T. , Jonderko T. , Chmura D.

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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tom Vol. 3 (23)

21--27

EN

The semiparasitic plant common fir mistletoe Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH is the rarest of three subspecies in Poland. In the country this mistletoe has northern border of distribution range. The previous literature data suggested that the subspecies has only few localities in the Silesian Foothils and in northern part of the Silesian Beskid Mts (southern Poland) and in addition, some of them were not confirmed. Mistletoe Viscum album subsp. abietis has been reported to increase its range and abundance in Europe recently therefore authors decided to update the distribution data of the subspecies the aforementioned area. The data about distribution of host tree silver fir Picea abies was taken from forest database and from personal communication with foresters. The area was search to find localities of the individuals on trees. In case of the single specimens on fir trees binoculars were used. In total 39 localities were given including more than 30 new localities when compared to literature data from 20th century. In Silesian Foothils there are 20 localities and 19 stands in the Silesian Beskid Mts. On the localities the abundance of individuals ranged from single plants on one tree to massive infestation of several dozen of fir trees. The common fir mistletoe distribution seems to be an underestimated in the southern part of the Silesian Voivodeship, it is highly probable that its next localities will be found in nearest future. Despite the category endangered “EN” in the Red Book of Plants of the Silesian Voivodship the species is not threatened anymore. On the contrary it becomes to pose a serious threat to silver fir because it can contribute to decline of trees. During the massive infestation of firs by mistletoe, fir trees often die gradually. The obtained new information will allow for a better recognition of the current species distribution and a possible revision of the threat category of common fir mistletoe in the territory of Silesian Voivodeship. For a more detailed analysis of the degree of expansion of this species, it would be advisable to examine the number of individuals and study the development of mistletoe over time on the host on randomly selected trees.

3

Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe [Viscum album L.] subspecies

84%

Mejnartowicz L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2006

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tom 75

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nr 1

39-49

EN

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of Viscum album ssp. album L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: Viscum album L., Viscum abietis Beck, and Viscum laxum Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in V. album ssp. abietis to 0.345 in the V.a. ssp. album populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of Viscum album populations. There is a small gene flux between Viscum album populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).

4

Nowe stanowiska jemioły pospolitej jodłowej Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH. na Pogórzu Śląskim i w północnej części Beskidu Śląskiego

84%

Beczała T. , Jonderko T. , Chmura D.

Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering

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2022

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tom 3(23)

21-27

EN

The semiparasitic plant common fir mistletoe Viscum album L. subsp. abietis (WIESB.) JANCH is the rarest of three subspecies in Poland. In the country this mistletoe has northern border of distribution range. The previous literature data suggested that the subspecies has only few localities in the Silesian Foothils and in northern part of the Silesian Beskid Mts (southern Poland) and in addition, some of them were not confirmed. Mistletoe Viscum album subsp. abietis has been reported to increase its range and abundance in Europe recently therefore authors decided to update the distribution data of the subspecies the aforementioned area. The data about distribution of host tree silver fir Picea abies was taken from forest database and from personal communication with foresters. The area was search to find localities of the individuals on trees. In case of the single specimens on fir trees binoculars were used. In total 39 localities were given including more than 30 new localities when compared to literature data from 20th century. In Silesian Foothils there are 20 localities and 19 stands in the Silesian Beskid Mts. On the localities the abundance of individuals ranged from single plants on one tree to massive infestation of several dozen of fir trees. The common fir mistletoe distribution seems to be an underestimated in the southern part of the Silesian Voivodeship, it is highly probable that its next localities will be found in nearest future. Despite the category endangered “EN” in the Red Book of Plants of the Silesian Voivodship the species is not threatened anymore. On the contrary it becomes to pose a serious threat to silver fir because it can contribute to decline of trees. During the massive infestation of firs by mistletoe, fir trees often die gradually. The obtained new information will allow for a better recognition of the current species distribution and a possible revision of the threat category of common fir mistletoe in the territory of Silesian Voivodeship. For a more detailed analysis of the degree of expansion of this species, it would be advisable to examine the number of individuals and study the development of mistletoe over time on the host on randomly selected trees.

5

The spatial distribution of pine mistletoe Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Volmann in a Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stand in Central Poland

84%

Kolodziejek J. , Kolodziejek A.

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tom 61

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nr 4

EN

The evergreen, semi-parasitic pine mistletoe, Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Volmann, is one of the four subspecies of European mistletoe, Viscum album L. It is frequently encountered on Scots pine communities in Poland. Distribution of pine mistletoe in representative P. sylvestris stand from the central Poland was investigated. The host density and host size to the frequency of Viscum was verified. Within the studied area 46% out of 313 individuals of P. sylvestris trees were infected by mistletoe, among them 78% in low mistletoe infection, 17% in medium and 3% in high infection. Of 1171 infections recorded on pines, 97% were on branches, 4% on the host trunk. The mistletoe individuals had an aggregated pattern of spatial distribution which was mainly explained by the host size. Infected trees are larger than uninfected ones, on average, and within the infected tree population, trees with mistletoe had higher number of dead branches than trees with none infection. Parasitized trees were more prevalent in low-density stands than in high-density stands. Mistletoes occurred mainly on the outer brunches within trees crowns.

6

The effects of Viscum album L. on foliar weight and nutrients content of host trees in Caspian forests [Iran]

84%

Hosseini S. M. , Kartoolinejad D. , Mirnia S. K. , Tabibzadeh Z. , Akbarinia M. , Shayanmehr F.

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nr 3

EN

Caspian forests (in the region it is called – Hyrcanian Forests) with an area of about 1.9 million ha are located in north of Iran, in southern coast of Caspian Sea. It is exclusive site for some valuable species like Populus caspica Bornm., Gleditsia caspica Desf., Parrotia persica Meyer. and Pterocaria fraxinifolia (Lam.) Spach., and the forests are dominated by Fagus orientalis Lipsky, Quercus castanifolia C. A. M., and Alnus glutinosa Gaertn. The mistletoe (Viscum album L.) effects on the area and weight of leaves of the two host tree species ( hornbeam Carpinus betulus L. and ironwood Parrotia persica Meyer.) were studied on a number of severely infected individuals and control trees in selected parts of Hyrcanian Forests. Almost 100 leaves from infested and non-infested branches of two host species were sampled in order to compare with control trees (non-infested trees growing near each host). Results showed, that area and weight of leaves taken from infested branches of ironwood were significantly lower (at 95% confidence level) than leaf area and weight in non-infested branches and control trees. The amount of K, Mn and Zn was higher in infested branches of both species compared to control trees. However, the amount of nitrogen in infected branches of ironwood was lower. The results suggest that V. album may have detrimental effect on leaf structure, physiology and chemical composition of strongly infested host trees.

7

Mistletoe [Viscum album L.] on common pear [Pyrus x amphigenea Domin ex Dostalek] near Poznan

84%

Antkowiak W. , Czekalski M.

Roczniki Akademii Rolniczej w Poznaniu. Botanika-Steciana

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2005

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tom 08

8

The occurrence of European mistletoe under the conditions of high human impact in the central part of Warsaw, Poland

67%

Zachwatowicz M. , Petrovic K. , Sudnik-Wojcikowska B.

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2008

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tom 22

9

Population dynamics and social behavior of the Mistle Thrush Turdus viscivorus during winter

67%

Skorka P. , Wojcik J. D.

Acta Ornithologica

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2005

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tom 40

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nr 1

35-42

EN

The density and behavior of the Mistle Thrush in Niepołomice Forest (southern Poland) and adjacent open areas were studied during winter (December-February) in 1996/97, 1998/99 and 2000/01. Mistle Thrush densities differed significantly from winter to winter, and the abundance of thrushes decreased as the season progressed. Bird density and mistletoe clump density were correlated positively. Birds held territories or congregated in flocks. The latter were sighted in the forest only during winter 1996/97, when the largest density of birds was noted. Flock size decreased progressively during that winter, but at the same time, the number of territorial birds remained stable. This suggests that by the end of the winter 1996/97 some birds from the flocks had begun to hold territories. Flocks were also seen in open areas, and displayed a preference for foraging on pastureland. Each individual territory in the forest consisted of several clumps of mistletoe on a few adjacent trees, which were defended against both conspecifics and other species such as Pyrrhula pyrrhula, Turdus merula and Dendrocopos major. The aggressive encounter rate was correlated positively with bird density but negatively with the progress of winter (the latter was correlated negatively with the berry supply). Surprisingly, it was not correlated with mistletoe clump density or temperature. During abundant berry years, the density of birds may have been so large that defending the fruit against numerous neighbors would have been energetically less profitable than communal foraging.

PL

Paszkot w czasie zimy broni terytoriów lub występuje w stadach. Celem badań była próba określenia czynników wpływających na zmianę zachowań socjalnych tego gatunku. Badania prowadzono podczas trzech sezonów zimowych (1996/1997, 1998/1999 i 2000/2001) w Puszczy Niepołomickiej i przyległych terenach otwartych. Generalnie, liczebność ptaków malała z biegiem zimy (Fig. 1). Zagęszczenia paszkotów było dodatnio zależne od zagęszczenia kęp jemioły na drzewach (Fig. 2). W miejscach z większym zagęszczeniem kęp jemioły, ptaki pozostawały w terytoriach dłużej niż w miejscach, gdzie zagęszczenie jemioły było mniejsze (Fig. 3). W Puszczy Niepołomickiej paszkoty najczęściej broniły terytoriów, złożonych z kilku lub kilkunastu kęp jemioły. Odnotowano także grupowanie się paszkotów w stada, które żerowały na jemiołach w Puszczy. Stada te obserwowano jedynie w czasie zimy 1996/1997, co zapewne miało związek z obfitym owocowaniem jemioły. Zaobserwowano, że w czasie tej zimy liczebność ptaków żerujących w stadach malała, zaś liczebność ptaków terytorialnych była stabilna ze słabą tendencją wzrostową (Fig. 4). Ponieważ podczas pozostałych zim liczebność ptaków terytorialnych także malała w ciągu sezonu (Fig. 1), wywnioskowano z tego, że ptaki ze stad zaczęły bronić terytoriów. Paszkoty broniły terytoriów głównie przed innymi paszkotami, choć zaobserwowano także agresywne interakcje z innymi gatunkami: gilem, kosem oraz dzięciołem dużym. Liczba agresywnych zachowań w jednostce czasu, w które uwikłany był pojedynczy osobnik była pozytywnie skorelowana ze wskaźnikiem zagęszczenia ptaków i ujemnie związana z datą w sezonie (Tab. 1). Jednocześnie nie wykryto istotnego związku między liczbą agresywnych zachowań z zagęszczeniem kęp jemioły (Tab. 1). Uzyskanie wyniki sugerują, że w okresie dużej obfitości pokarmu, obrona terytorium jest nieopłacalna ze względu na duże zagęszczenie ptaków i wynikającą z tego dużą liczbę potencjalnych konfliktów. Oprócz Puszczy Niepołomickiej, paszkoty obserwowano na przyległych do kompleksu leśnego terenach otwartych. Wszystkie ptaki przebywały w stadach. Dodatkowo odnotowano, że frekwencja spotkań stad paszkotów była statystycznie wyższa na pastwiskach niż na opuszczonych łąkach i polach uprawnych w stosunku do ich ogólnego udziału w powierzchni, co mogło się wiązać z łatwiejszym zdobywaniem pokarmu, który stanowiły bezkręgowce wyciągane z ziemi.

10

Chromatographic and spectrophotometric analyses of the DPPH free radical scavenging activity of the fractionated extracts from Lamium album L., Lamium purpureum L. and Viscum album L.

67%

Budzianowski J. , Budzianowska A.

Herba Polonica

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2006

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tom 52

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nr 1-2

EN

Chloroform, butanolic and water fractions from the methanolic extracts of Lamium album L. and L. purpureum L. flowers and different organs of mistletoe (Viscum album L.), namely leaves, stalks and fruits were investigated for the free radical scavenging properties by using colour free radical DPPH • as a stain reagent for dot-blot assay on a T LC plate and two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D-TLC) analysis (2D-TLC-DPPH test) as well as a dye reagent for the spectrophotometric assay. For each plant material, butanolic fractions showed the strongest activity, of which those of the Lamium species were nearly equal to that of the known antioxidant - BHA. According to 2D-TLC chromatography, the phenolic compounds present were responsible for the antiradical activity of the fractions.

PL

Frakcje chloroformowe, butanolowe i wodne ekstraktów metanolowych z kwiatów Lamium album L. i Lamium purpureum L. oraz różnych organów Viscum album L. (liście, łodygi, owoce) badano pod względem właściwości zmiatania wolnych rodników, stosując barwny wolny rodnik DPPH • jako odczynnik do testów plamowych na płytkach TLC, analizy metodą dwukierunkowej chromatografii cienkowarstwowej (2D-TLC) oraz oznaczeń spektrofotometrycznych. W wypadku każdego materiału roślinnego najsilniejszą aktywność wykazały frakcje butanolowe, z gatunków Lamium prawie równą aktywności znanego antyoksydantu – BHA. Z rezultatów chromatografii cienkowarstwowej dwukierunkowej 2DTLC wynika, że za aktywność przeciwrodnikową frakcji odpowiedzialne są obecne w nich związki fenolowe.

11

The activity of two immunotoxins composed of monoclonal antibody MoAb-16 and A-chain of ricin [MoAb-16-RTA] or A-chain of mistletoe lectin I [MoAb-16-MLIA]

67%

Paprocka M. , Wiedlocha A. , Walzel H. , Radzikowski C.

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1992

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tom 40

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nr 3-4