Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Środowiskowe uwarunkowania procesów (bio)ługowania metali z odpadów poflotacyjnych rud cynkowo-ołowiowych

100%

Pacholewska M. , Cabała J. , Cwalina B. , Sozańska M.

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tom R. 52, nr 6

337-342

PL

Działalność wydobywcza i produkcja koncentratów Pb-Zn prowadzona przez ZGH BOLESŁAW S.A. powoduje powstawanie corocznie ok. 1,5 do 1,6 mln t odpadów poflotacyjnych. Zawierają one znaczne ilości węglanowej skały płonnej (dolomity) oraz metalonośnych minerałów siarczkowych, takich jak: piryt i markasyt, galena, sfaleryt, których koncentracja w odpadach dochodzi do 20 % wagowych. Dynamika procesów uwalniania metali z odpadów, zależy od wielu czynników fizycznych i chemicznych, a także od obecności mikroflory autochtonicznej. Poznanie tych zależności pozwoli na ocenę potencjalnych zagrożeń środowiska. W pracy wykazano, że aktywność metaboliczna utleniających bakterii siarkowych i żelazowych w badanych składowiskach odpadów może prowadzić do przemian fazowych minerałów występujących w odpadach i zwiększenia ładunków metali ciężkich uwalnianych do środowiska. Stężenia metali, w szczególności Cd i Zn w roztworach ługujących pożywek, stymulujące aktywność bakterii siarkowych przewyższają kilkakrotnie lub kilkunastokrotnie poziomy koncentracji metali w pożywkach stymulujących aktywność bakterii żelazowych. Na efektywność (bio)ługowania metali ciężkich (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn) wywierają wpływ także czynniki abiotyczne, z których istotną rolę odgrywa ustalanie się równowagi kwasowo-zasadowej w obecności alkalicznej skały płonnej.

EN

The mining and production of Zn-Pb concentrates that are conducted by the BOLESŁAW Mine and Metallurgical Plant annually produce approximately from 1.5 to 1.6 m t of flotation tailings. This waste contains aignificant amounts of carbonate gangue (dolomites) and metalliferous sulphide minerals, such as: pyrite and marcasite, galena and sphalerite, whose concentration in the tailings reaches 20 % in terms of weight. The dynamics of metals release from the flotation tailings depends on numerous physical and chemical factors as well as the presence of indigenous microflora. Finding these relations will allow you to estimate potential environmental threats. The paper shows that the metabolic activity of sulphur- and iron-oxidizing bacteria in the examined tailings storages may result in phase transitions of minerals in the flotation tailings and increase in the quantity of heavy metals released into the environment. The concentrations of metals, in particular of Cd and Zn, in leaching solutions of nutrient mediums stimulating the activity of sulphur-oxidizing bacteria exceed the concentrations of metals in leaching solutions stimulating the activity of iron-oxidizing bacteria several times, and more. Finally, abiotic factors also influence the efficiency of heavy metals bioleaching (Cd, Pb, Fe, Zn). Normalization of acid-base balance in the presence of alkaline gangue plays a significant role among these factors.

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Minerały wtórne z kopalni Breiner (Maramureş, Rumunia) jako przykład tworzącej się współcześnie mineralizacji wtórnej

100%

Januszewska A. , Kruszewski Ł. , Siuda R.

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2023

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tom Vol. 71, nr 4

174--178

EN

The former gold and silver mine of Breiner, is located in the village of Băiuţ, in the mining area of Băiuţ-Tibleş (Maramureş, Romania). The local polymetallic occurrences are characterized by a rich sulfide (Cu, Pb, Zn sulfides/sulfosalts) and arsenic mineralization. While the primary mineralization is relatively well known, the diverse paragenesis of second- ary mineralization has never been the subject of detailed research. Based on diffraction studies, several species of weathered minerals have been identified, most of which have never been reported in the study area before. The dominant minerals in the mine belong to the melanterite and halotrichite groups. The occurrence of rare phases on a global scale has also been observed - zaherite Al12(SO4)5(OH)26 20H2O, tooeleite Fe6(AS3+O3)4(SO4)(OH)44H2 and wattevilleite - a species with uncertain chemistry, possibly Na2Ca(SO4)24H2O. The formation of these parageneses is related to currently occurring weathering processes of primary ore mineralization that undergoes decomposition under low pH conditions.

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Paragenezy hipergeniczne złoża Radzimowice (Góry Kaczawskie)

80%

Siuda R.

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tom Vol. 60, nr 8

442--449

EN

The polymetallic Radzimowice deposit is located in the vicinity ofRadzimowice village, about 20 km east of Jelenia Góra (Western Sudetes, Poland). The deposit consists of several ore veins. The primary ore assemblage is represented by arsenopyrite, pyrite and chalcopyrite, and less common galena, sphalerite, Cu-Pb-Sb sulphosalts of Cu andPb, and native gold. The mining activity in this area started in the mid-12th century and lasted until the mid-20th century. This paper presents general information about typical parageneses of secondary minerals occurring in the oxidation zone of the Radzimowice deposit. Based on the mineralogical investigations, 43 secondary mineral species have been recognized. Such a rich assemblage of secondary minerals makes the oxidation zone one of the most interesting formations of this kind in Poland. Phosphates (pseudomalachite, phosphosiderite) and sulphides (covellite, chalcocite) of copper were ascertained in the near-surface part of the supergene zone. Secondary lead minerals (cerussite, pyromorphite and mimetite) were found only in medieval dumps. Phosphates and sulphides of Cu and supergene lead minerals belong to sub-recent secondary parageneses. Since the end of local mining activity in 1957, the intensive weathering processes caused the decomposition of ore minerals in the mine galleries, producing recently forming associations of new minerals. The first mineral paragenesis is represented by recently formed arsenates. Kankite, scorodite and zykaite are the most widespread constituents of this assemblage. Large accumulations ofpitticite, forming stalagmites up to 10 cm in length, are sometimes found in old mine galleries. In those parts of the abandoned mine, where pyrite is a dominant primary mineral, huge accumulations of the minerals related to acid mine drainage are present. Schwertmannite, ferrihydrite and poorly crystalline goethite are the main representatives of this paragenesis. Associations of basic copper sulphates are present in all parts of the abandoned mine. Langite, posnjakite, brochantite and devilline are the most common minerals of this assemblage. Sulphates of Cu and Al (chalcoalumite and cyanotrichite), native copper, cuprite and malachite are locally found to coexist with these phases. Precipitations of secondary minerals play an important role in the retention and liberation of considerable amounts of toxic elements. Dissolution ofthese phases can result in the release ofarsenic and heavy metals into the groundwater and in the migration ofthese elements into the environment.