The theory of irregular operations dates back to the beginning of the 19th century and it was connected with experiences of partisan operations in Spain. The Italians were its creators. The Poles contributed immensely to it thanks to Gen. Wojciech Chrzanowski, the author of the book entitled “On Partisan War” published in 1835. Also the literary outputs of Gen. Józef Zachariasz Bem, Aleksander Jelocicki and Ludwik Bystrzowski were significant. In turn, the Poles, namely Karol Bogumił Stolzman and Henryk Kamieński, created the theory of people's war. The theory of irregular operations had been undergoing a revival until World War II. American and French theoreticians contributed mostly to it. It was an after- math of partisan wars waged mainly in Asia and Africa.
Posługując się z konieczności ograniczoną wiedzą i czerpiąc z tradycji i historii, pragnę zasygnalizować wybrane fragmenty doktryny obronnej zawarte w traktatach Andrzeja Maksymiliana Fredry (ok. 1620-1679), wybitnego działacza i uczonego, nawiązując do koncepcji polskiego merkantylizmu, wpływów obcej myśli militarnej i przykładów rozwiązywania problemów obronności w skali makro i mikro, od dyplomacji i polityki po logistykę wojskową sięgającą pojedynczego żołnierza. Zamierzam treść artykułu ująć w krótkich tezach o tradycjach pospolitego ruszenia i omawiając działalność Fredry i treść jego traktatów. Pamiętając o znaczeniu pytania o pożytki płynące z przypominania doświadczeń, ryzykuję kilka ocen.
EN
Examples found in the general and Polish history, concerning the institution of mass levy, point to its basic problem – the necessity to determine the size of citizens mobilization proper for the foreseen threat. Common conscription was used rarely, in extreme situations of total defeat and propaganda was usually at the lost position. In this article I made a short analysis of the set of concepts of the ‘small mass levy’ as it was seen by Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro (circa 1620-1679), statesman and practitioner using his broad knowledge. His presentation of the rules of such a doctrine was based on the elements of mercantilism doctrine, physiocracy and in connection with military science – it developed the method of economy and military logistics. Being forced to use limited knowledge and culling from tradition and history, I would like to put emphasis on the chosen pieces of defence doctrine incorporated in the tractates of Andrzej Maksymilian Fredro (about 1620-1679), a prominent activist and scholar, alluding to the concept of Polish mercantilism, the influence exerted by foreign military thought and the examples of solving defence problems on the macro- and micro-scale, starting from diplomacy and politics and ending at the military logistics pertaining to every single soldier. What I intend to do is to present the content of the article in short theses concerning the tradition of mass levy and deliberating on Fredro’s activity and his tractates. Keeping in mind the question concerning the benefits stemming from the process of recalling experiences, I take the risk of some assessment.
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