Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Etyka wojskowa jako etyka normatywna

100%

Kubiak M.

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2004

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tom nr 2(55)

316-331

EN

The author presented in the article three military ethics issues. The first one concerns problems closely connected with military ethics issues considered as professional ethics, normative ethics in particular. The second one contains considerations focused on the history of forming Polish codes of honour and their contents. The third and the widest contains opinions (both of foreign as well as Polish outstanding philosophers; thinkers and servicemen) connected with distinguishing a catalogue of cardinal military virtues.

2

Pomiędzy etyką zawodową służb mundurowych a „psychologią zła”. Wyzwania edukacji etycznej na tle psychospołecznych kontekstów etycznego ryzyka

80%

Męczkowska-Christiansen A.

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nr 4(16)

255-267

EN

The article undertakes an analysis of ethical risk factors, understood as contexts for the emergence of unethical behavior, attitudes and modes of conduct among representatives of the uniformed services. Identification of the mentioned factors, made on the basis of meta-analysis of empirical studies and other data sourcing from research and analysis of conducted by various authors, brought an attempt to answer the question somewhat provocatively posed by the researcher of the problem of situational character transformations on the ground of social psychology - Philip Zimbardo, which reads, „Why do good people do evil”? In this context, the task was undertaken to implement certain research problems falling within the field of Zimbardo’s „psychology of evil” into the area of interdisciplinary-oriented research on military ethics. The analyses carried out served as a basis for the formulation of general conclusions and recommendations in the field of ethical training of representatives of the uniformed services.

3

Od deontologii żołnierskiej do etyki żołnierza jako etyki zawodowej

60%

Świniarski J.

Zeszyty Naukowe AON

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1998

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tom nr 2(31)

234-248

EN

The article deals with problems of soldiers ethics as one of kinds of professional ethics. These considerations have been included in the structure of professional ethics which shows the aim, good, responsibilities, conscience and obligations. In this structure perspective, the soldiers’ ethics undergoes historical changes, from obligations ethics (deontology) to responsibilities ethics. In the process of transformation, there proceeds a differentiation of formerly uniform ethics of soldiers’ obligations into at least four ethics of soldiers’ re sponsibilities. These are the following: ethics of military technicians and engineers; ethics of military logists (close to recently popular business ethics); ethics of military command and control (close to management and leadership ethics); ethics of combat (closest to the tradition of military ethos). The differentiation of this kind relates not only to soldiers but also numerous professions formerly not included in special ethics norms. At the same time in the process of transformation there appears departing from traditional central values which define the aim and good in the ethics structure. Honour ( so important in the obligation ethics) loses its importance to dignity which becomes a central value in the responsibilities ethics

4

Wpływ zmieniającej się przestrzeni społeczno-kulturowej na aksjologię sił zbrojnych

51%

Świniarski J.

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nr 1

7-28

EN

The author indication of the impact of the changing socio-cultural space for axiology forces begin by recalling the selected and most synthetic characteristics. Summons characteristics Alvin Toffler, Michael Hempoliński and John G. Bloch and design philosophy of Immanuel Kant as the basis for the so-called theory of "democratic peace". They all involve some degree with the demands of changes in the axiology of the armed forces of universal disarmament to reduce the mass killing, including the armed forces. Recalling further recognition of military sociology which states, that modern armies of Western civilization and the liberal-democratic socio-cultural space noticeable is the transition from the army as an institution for the Army as an organization is trying to point out the differences between the types of axiological functioning of the armed forces. Based on the above, the conclusion suggests and recommends a new paradigm of the warrior ethic, "the intellectual in uniform and without", in the civilizations of cognitive functioning and acting under the responsibility to protect ("R2P") from genocide, ethnic cleansing and war crimes, and crimes against humanity.

5

Józefa M. Bocheńskiego elementarz etyki wojskowej

51%

Niepsuj J. , Andrzejuk A.

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nr 9

393-404

EN

Military ethics as one of a „special ethics” is built, according to Bocheński, on morally obvious right to self-defense and obligation to defend the closest people. It is related to patriotism understood as love of the country, love is a prominent value in defense of which man is willing to sacrifice his life. With regard to characteristics of a soldier Bocheński suggests the following shape of skills and virtues proper for a military job: of prime importance is bravery, connected rather with heroism and honour than with patience and persistence. Also, virtues demanded for the process of taking decision are, as Bocheński claims, key for all militaries regardless their rank, because even the lowest, a private soldier has to decide. When it comes to taking decision, the most essential is a set of skills and values which enable its accurate conduct. Apart from suitable knowledge and skills there are wisdom and prudence as the most important virtues in taking decision. The most significant virtues of superiors, according to Bocheński, are integrity and justice, generosity and humility. Integrity means respect for law. Justice regulates all human relations. Generosity is related to a task of being a superior, and always to some socially important good, furthermore, it is a task of a superior to guide toward that important good. Humility, hence, is a condition to judge themselves and the others properly, what is indispensable for managing people. Taking decisions and superiority are related to a question of military obedience. Ethical fundament of that obedience is common good, to which army is subordinated. That common good is a principle which joins efforts of both, superiors and subordinates. The first condition of obedience is conviction that all members of community serve the same common goal. Order received from a su-perior can be a decision held at one of its stage. There are situations when an order speaks only about the task of planned activity, or it can indicate a set of means available or it may just order so-me action. The virtue of obedience means that we do not question and ponder on particular stages of a process of decision performed by superior but proceed as effectively as possible until the task is fulfilled. In his military ethics Józef Bocheński promotes the ethos of Polish soldier as a knight, hence the spiritual culture is a matter of prime importance in the army. It is crucial to develop this culture within a proper, which is humanist, frame. Advanced development of military technology must be accompanied by a care for advanced moral development.