Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Mikrobiologia lekarska na Uniwersytecie Jagiellonskim w Krakowie - wczoraj i dzis

100%

Wojkowska-Mach J. , Witalis J. , Macura A. B. , Heczko P. B.

Postępy Mikrobiologii

|

2008

|

tom 47

|

nr 4

505-510

2

VISA i hetero-VISA wsrod szczepow Staphylococcus aureus izolowanych z przypadkow klinicznych

88%

Mlynarczyk G. , Mlynarczyk A. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 1

9-20

PL

Wśród szczepów Staphylococcus aureus izolowanych w latach 1993 - 2001 poszukiwano szczepów VISA i hetero-VISA. Wykazano obecność takich szczepów. Zastosowano różne modyfikacje oryginalnej metody i analizowano ich przydatność.

EN

The VISA (vancomycin intermediate Staphylococcus aureus) and hetero-VISA strains were found among all isolates of S. aureus obtained in the years 1997-2000. The frequency of VISA was 0,3% and h-VISA was about 3%. Most but not all of the h-VISA and all VISA strains were methicillin resistant. Moreover the usefulness of different methods enabling recognition of the h-VISA strains was compared.

3

Lekoopornosc gronkowcow izolowanych od chorych leczonych ambulatoryjnie

75%

Chylak J. , Kopka A.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 2

97-101

PL

Określono lekooporność szczepów gronkowców izolowanych w latach 1999 - 2000 od chorych leczonych ambulatoryjnie z terenu miasta Poznania. Określono też częstość występowania gronkowców metycylinoopornych, oraz zdolność wytwarzania ß-laktamaz.

EN

The aim of the study was to determine susceptibility of 587 strains of S. aureus and 85 strains of coagulase - negative staphylococci isolated from outpatients in Poznań to co-trimoxazole, amoxyciIlin/clavulanic acid, erythromycin, gentamycin, doxycycline, ampicillin, oxacillin, cephradine, clindamycin and neomycin. Also methicillin-resistant strains were determined as well as strains ability to produce ß-lactamases. Susceptibility testing and examination of methicillin-resistant strains were performed by the disc diffusion techniques according to recommendation of NCCLS. Methicillin-resistant strains were additionally examined to their sensitivity to vankomycin and teicoplanin. ß-lactamase production was detected using nitrocefin impregnated discs and iodometric method. Amoxacillin/clavulanic acid, gentamycin, co-trimoxazole, cephradin, oxacillin and clindamycin occurred to be very active against both, S. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci. 84.7% to 100% of examined strains were sensitive to these drugs. Doxycyclin, erythromycin and ampicillin were less effective. Nine strains (1.5%) of 587 strains of S. aureus as well as 17 strains ( 8.7%) of coagulase-negative staphylococci were methicillin-resistant. All of methicillin-resistant strains were sensitive to vancomycin and teicoplanin. More than 75% of S. aureus and close to 50% of coagulase-negative staphylococci were able to produce ß-lactamases.

4

Typowanie biochemiczne jako metoda roznicowania paciorkowcow grupy B

75%

Dabrowska-Szponar M. , Galinski J.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 3

227-232

PL

W badaniach epidemiologicznych nad paciorkowcami grupy B, jako metoda różnicowania szczepów, najczęściej wykorzystywane jest typowanie serologiczne. Podstawową przeszkodą w wykonaniu tego badania jest konieczność przygotowania we własnym zakresie surowic, odpowiadających poszczególnym serotypom. W obecnej pracy podjęto próbę zastosowania typowania biochemicznego do różnicowania paciorkowców grupy B. Uzyskane wyniki porównano z wynikami typowania serologicznego.

EN

In epidemiological studies on the group B streptococcus the serological typing is used. The paper present the results of a study on usefulness of biochemical typing for differentiation of the group B streptococcus. For that purpose, 210 strains descended from colonized infants and pregnant women were put to typing with both of mentioned methods. We showed that each of the method distinguishes similar number of biotypes and serotypes. However, ought to be marked that significant number of strains (93.8%) belonged to the three out of eight biochemical types. Similar results were achieved in serological typing, three of the most numerous serotypes contained 81.4% strains. Analysis of the relationship between serological and biochemical types did not reveal statistical association because the strains belonged to various serotypes. Obtained results show that both methods of typing - biochemical and serological, have similar value in differentiation of the strains. The method of biochemical typing is quite simple and can be used in laboratory conditions.

5

Odpornosc na antybiotyki szczepow Staphylococcus aureus izolowanych w roznych szpitalach warszawskich

75%

Mlynarczyk A. , Mlynarczyk G. , Luczak M. , Grzesik A. , Lewandowska M. , Jeljaszewicz J.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 3

217-225

PL

Wykazano znaczne różnice w częstości występowania wielolekoopornych szczepów Staphylococcus aureus w dwóch szpitalach warszawskich. Różnice te dotyczyły nie tylko odsetka szczepów MRSA, ale także szczepów MSSA o różnym spektrum lekooporności.

EN

S. aureus strains isolated in the same period from different specimens obtained from patients of two different hospitals were compared. The significant differences were observed in the frequency of resistance determinants between strains of these hospitals. The most important was the difference in the prevalence of MRSA. In the first hospital the percentage of MRSA was 40% whereas in the second one only 20%. The resistance to the other antibiotics was also compared, and independently from the compared group: MRSA, MSSA or all, the prevalence of resistance determinants was higher in the first hospital than in the second. Although the frequencies of MRSA in both investigated hospitals were relatively high comparing to the other European countries and in the first hospital even alarming, isolated MRSA strains are less resistant to other antibiotics than MRSA in other countries.

6

Enterotoksyczne szczepy Clostridium perfringens a sporulacja

75%

Augustynowicz E. , Gzyl A. , Slusarczyk J.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 1

55-60

PL

Do niedawna przeważał pogląd, że tylko sporulujące komórki Clostridium perfringens typu A zdolne są do wytwarzania enterotoksyny (CPE). Obecnie pojawia się coraz więcej doniesień wskazujących na rozłączność procesów sporulacji oraz syntezy białka CPE. Celem pracy było określenie w jakim stopniu synteza białka CPE związana jest z formowaniem spor. Enterotoksynę wykrywano po indukowaniu sporulacji metodą serologiczną z wykorzystaniem testu RPLA oraz metodami opartymi na amplifikacji na poziomie DNA oraz mRNA. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że sporulacja nie jest niezbędnym czynnikiem ekspresji genu cpe a wpływa jedynie na znaczny wzrost poziomu wytwarzania toksyny.

EN

Ciosiridium perfringens strains of A type capable of enterotoxin (CPE) synthesis may be a potential source of food-poisoning. Suitability of methods for CPE detection on the protein level is limited by difficulties in inducing sporulation in vitro. A number of unknown facts concerning coregulation the sporulation processes and CPE synthesis are recognised. The goal of the work was to determine the level of correlation between CPE synthesis and spores formation. Enterotoxin and cpe gen were detected by RPLA after sporulation induction test and by methods based on amplification on the DNA and mRNA levels. Sixty-four C. perfringens strains of A type isolated from patients with food poisoning symptoms and from food samples were analysed. Collection of isolates was differentiated as not enterotoxic, enterotoxic, and potentially enterotoxic strains based on appropriate strain profile: plc(+), cpe(-), CPE(-); plc(+), ;cpe(+), CPE(+); and plc (+), cpe(-), CPE(-), respectively. No significant difference between expression of cpe mRNA in vegetative and sporulation phase was found. The obtained results indicate that sporulation is not an essential factor for cpe gene expression.

7

Wplyw warunkow hodowli na hydrofobowe wlasciwosci paleczek Pseudomonas aeruginosa

75%

Wolska K. , Pogorzelska S. , Fijol E. , Jakubczak A. , Bukowski K.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

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2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 1

61-66

PL

Hydrofobowe właściwości powierzchni komórki bakteryjnej (cell surface hydrophobicity, CSH) należą do najważniejszych nieswoistych czynników adhezji, która jest pierwszym etapem kolonizacji i zakażenia. W niniejszej pracy wykazano wpływ warunków hodowli, tj. rodzaju podłoża, czasu i temperatury inkubacji na zmianę hydrofobowych właściwości powierzchni komórek Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

EN

The cell surface hydrophobicity (CSH) plays an important role in a adhesion of bacteria on solid surfaces. CSH of 62 Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from humans and different animals was aessed using the ammonium sulfate salt aggregation test. Bacteria were grown for 24 h and 48 h at a room temperature (22°C) and 37°C on enrichment broth and agar (Biomed) and tryptic soy agar (Difco). The hydrophobic properties of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were depended on the temperature, time of the culture of bacteria and the kind of media, CSH properties were most frequently expressed when the analyzed strains were cultured in enrichment broth. In a such conditions Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were more hydrophobic when grown at 22°C (94% afterer 24 h and 87% after 48%) than those at 37°C (72% after 24h and 71% after 48h). Among strains cultured in tryptic soy agar at 37°C, 48% after 24 h and 75% after 48 h were autoaggregating, representing very strong hydrophobic properties.

8

Udzial grzybow w przewleklym zapaleniu skory i naczyn limfatycznych u pacjentow z filarioza

75%

Swoboda-Kopec E. , Kobus M. , Krawczyk E. , Stelmach E. , Olszewski W. L. , Tripathi F. M. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 2

207-212

PL

Przewlekły proces zapalny w naczyniach limfatycznych, uszkodzonych pierwotnie przez filarie, nasila destrukcję tkanek i pogłębia zastój chłonki. Udział bakterii w tym procesie był przedmiotem naszych poprzednich badań. W pracy analizowano znaczenie grzybów kolonizujących skórę kończyn dolnych w postępującym procesie zapalnym naczyń limfatycznych. Materiał do badań mykologicznych pobierano od pacjentów ze skóry kończyn.

EN

Adenolymphangitis is a common occurrence in filarial lymphedema. Damage to the lymphatics by F. bancrofti is followed by obliteration of lymph vessel and lymph stasis. Obstruction of lymphatics prevents the microbs skin penetration. Presented studies were performed to evaluate the role of fungi colonization of the skin among patients with filarial lymphedema. The fungal coIonization of skin in patients with filarial lymphedema may be an important reason for chronic inflammatory disorders.

9

Analiza kwasow tluszczowych wystepujacych w lipopolisacharydach Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron i Bacteroides fragilis

75%

Rokosz A. , Meisel-Mikolajczyk F. , Kot K. , Mieszala M. , Szponar B. , Gamian A.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 2

177-183

PL

Lipopolisacharydy (LPS) trzech szczepów B. thetaiotaomicron i czterech szczepów B. fragilis wyekstrahowano metodą fenolowo-wodną oraz oczyszczono za pomocą enzymów nukleolitycznych i ultrawirowania. Kwasy tłuszczowe lipopolisacharydów przeprowadzono w estry metylowe i analizowano metodą chromatografii gazowo-cieczowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią masową (GLC-MS). Stwierdzono, że w LPS B. thetaiotaomicron i B. fragilis dominują długołańcuchowe kwasy tłuszczowe o 15-17 atomach węgla. Głównym kwasem tłuszczowym jest kwas 3-hydroksy-heksadekanowy (3OH C16:0). Zaobserwowano także występowanie kilku innych 3-hydroksy- kwasów tłuszczowych, co jest unikatową cechą lipopolisacharydów pałeczek z rodzaju Bacteroides.

EN

The aim of this study was to determine and to compare fatty acids occurring in lipopolysacharides (LPS) isolated from B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains of different origin. Lipopolysaccharides of three B. thetaiotaomicron strains and four B. fragilis strains were isolated by phenol-water extraction according to the procedure of Westphal and Jann (1965). Water-phase LPS fractions were then treated with nucleases and purified by ultracentrifugation as described by Gmeiner (1975). Fatty acid methyl esters, obtained by methanolysis of LPS, were analysed in gas-liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GLC-MS). Trimethylsilylated hydroxyl groups of fatty acid methyl esters were identified with GLC-MS using a method of selective ion monitoring (SIM). Lipopolysaccharides of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains contained long-chain (15-18 carbon atoms) fatty acids. The broad spectrum of simple long-chain and branched-chain fatty acids as well as 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected. The main fatty acid of analyzed bacterial species was 3-hydroxy-hexadecanoic acid (30H C16:0). Several 3-hydroxy fatty acids were detected in LPS of examined strains. Fatty acids occurring in LPS of B. thetaiotaomicron and B. fragilis strains appeared to be qualitatively similar. Quantitative differences in fatty acids composition of lipopolysaccharides isolated from strains of different origin were observed.

10

Przyleganie ludzkich granulocytow i limfocytow T do komorek srodblonka naczyniowego po stymulacji endotoksyna i enterotoksyna Bacteroides fragilis

63%

Rokosz A. , Meisel-Mikolajczyk F. , Malchar C. , Kot K. , Zawidzka E. , Nowaczyk M. , Gorski A.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 3

259-267

PL

Zbadano adhezję ludzkich granulocytów i limfocytów T do komórek śródbłonka naczyniowego linii HMEC-1 stymulowanych za pomocą endotoksyny (LPS) i enterotoksyny (BFT) B. fragilis. Stwierdzono przyleganie granulocytów oraz limfocytów T spoczynkowych i aktywowanych PMA do komórek endotelialnych po stymulacji endotoksyną i enterotoksyną B. fragilis. Aktywność obu toksyn B. fragilis w procesie stymulacji adhezji leukocytów do śródbłonka naczyniowego jest mniejsza od aktywności LPS E. coli O55:B5.

EN

The aim of presented study was to estimates the number of human granulocytes and T lymphocytes adhering to 1 mm² of vascular endothelial cell culture stimulated by Bacteroides fragilis endotoxins (LPS) and enterotoxin (BFT). HMEC-1 cells were activated with bacterial preparations at the concentration of 10 (µg/ml for 4 and 24 hours. Granulocytes and T lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy blood donors. The adhesion tests of granulocytes and adhesion tests of resting and activated with PMA (at the concentration of 10 ng/ml) T lymphocytes to the non-stimulated and stimulated by B fragilis compounds (LPS and BFT) vascular endothelium were performed. The number of viable leukocytes, which adhered to the endothelium, was determined using inverted microscope (magnification 200 x). The results were presented as the number of viable cells adhering to 1 mm² of the endothelial cell culture. The results of experiments indicate that granulocytes and T lymphocytes (resting and after activation with PMA even in greater number) adhere to the endothelial cells stimulated by B. fragilis endotoxins and enterotoxin. B. fragilis toxins are weaker stimulants of human leukocyte adhesion to the HMEC-1 cells than E. coli O55:B5 LPS. B. fragilis LPS and BFT preparations stimulate endothelial cells to the adhesion of granulocytes in similar manner, whereas the activation of vascular endothelium to the adhesion of T lymphocytes is differentiated.

11

Lizogenizacja miedzygatunkowa u gronkowcow: Przeniesienie bakteriofaga konwertujacego enterotoksyne A z klinicznego szczepu Staphylococcus aureus do szczepu Staphylococcus intermedius

63%

Zabicka D. , Mlynarczyk G. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2000

|

tom 52

|

nr 4

317-326

PL

Określano wrażliwość Staphylococcus intermedius oraz 14 różnych gatunków gronkowców koagulazo-ujemnych na bakteriofagi Staphylococcus aureus konwertujące pozytywnie enterotoksynę A (SEA). Badano także możliwość międzygatunkowego przeniesienia bakteriofagów S. aureus niosących gen enterotoksyny A (sea) do genomu innych gatunków gronkowców.

EN

The ability of lysogenization was examined of 50 S. intermedius strains and of 77 strains belonging to 14 different species of coagulase-negative staphylococci using 8 enterotoxin A converting bacteriophages isolated from S. aureus. All the examined bacteriophages showed lytic activity against at least 1 of 11 susceptible strains of S. intermedius to them. Lytic activity towards coagulase-negative staphylococci was observed for 6 of 8 examined bacteriophages. Two bacteriophages were active against 1 of 9 examined S. capitis strains, one against 1 of 11 examined S. haemolyticus strains, four against 1 of 6 examined S. lugdunensis strains, three against 1 of 6 examined S. warneri strains and one against 1 of 5 examined S. xylosus strains. Lysogenization with bacteriophage f421-1 able to convert positively enterotoxin A and staphylokinase and negatively beta-haemolysin of oneS. Intermedius strain was successful. S. intermedius lysogenized with §421-1 was able to produce both enterotoxin A and staphylokinase and lost ability to produce beta-haemolysin. Our results showed a broad lytic spectrum and interspecies host range of some S. aureus bacteriophages and the ability of interspecies transfer of bacteriophages between S. aureus and S. intermedius.

12

Wplyw warunkow hodowli na ekspresje powierzchniowych bialek gronkowcow koagulazoujemnych izolowanych z materialu klinicznego od noworodkow hospitalizowanych na oddziale intensywnej terapii

63%

Bartoszewicz-Potyrala M. , Przondo-Mordarska A. , Chiciak J.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 2

103-108

PL

Pojęto próbę oceny wpływu warunków hodowli na ekspresję białek powierzchniowych pięciu gatunków gronkowców koagulazoujemnych. Badania przeprowadzone na 31 szczepach gronkowców pochodzących od nowo#rodków hospitalizowanych na Oddziale Intensywnej Terapii pozwoliły na analizę podobieństw tych białek w obrębie danego szczepu hodowanego na różnych podłożach.

EN

A surface adhesion is a fundamental stage, in a pathogenesis of inflammations caused by coagulase-negative staphylococci, at which surface proteins take part. The proteins that were found at S. saprophyticus and ascribed to take part in polystiren plates adhesion: SSP-1 and SPP-2 could be an example. In this work the effort to esteem surface protein expression of various kinds of coagulase-negative staphylococcus according to cultivation conditions has been made. The studies carried out with 31 staphylococcus strains being obtained from new-born children hospitalised in Neonatology Clinic helped to analyse the similarities among these proteins in the area of a given strain cultivated on different mediums. The examined strains belonged to five different species and it had been taken into consideration during the results esteem. On the grounds of electrophoretic surface proteins division the charts dysometric analysis was created showing interdependence between Rf for surface proteins and optical density. Afterwards an analysis for each strain was done taking into account a sort of medium on which the cultivation had been placed. S. haemolyticus strains analysis cultivated on three different mediums allows to isolate two protein groups showing similar expression of both Iow-and high-molecular proteins. For the majority of strains belonging to the same species one can observe a similar expression within low-and high-molecular surface proteins regardless of cultivation conditions. Recurrence of the electrophoretic pictures regardless of changes in cultivation conditions, creates the base for the recognised proteins identification and also for the proteins with unmarked activity isolation.

13

Adhezja ludzkich limfocytow T i granulocytow do komorek srodblonka naczyniowego stymulowanych powierzchniowymi antygenami Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron

63%

Rokosz A. , Meisel-Mikolajczyk F. , Malchar C. , Nowaczyk M. , Gorski A.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2000

|

tom 52

|

nr 4

361-373

PL

Przeprowadzono testy adhezji ludzkich limfocytów T i granulocytów do komórek śródbłonka naczyniowego linii HMEC-1 stymulowanych przy użyciu polisacharydu otoczkowego (CPS), lipopolisacharydów (LPS) oraz komponentów wielocukrowych (PS) i lipidowych (lipid A) LPS. Stwierdzono, że limfocyty T spoczynkowe i aktywowane PMA oraz granulocyty przylegają do komórek endotelialnych stymulowanych za pomocą antygenów powierzchniowych B. thetaiotaomicron. Aktywność w tym procesie preparatów LPS i CPS B. thetaioitaomicron jest mniejsza od aktywności LPS E. coli 055:B5.

EN

The aim of this study was to assay the degree of human T lymphocyte and granulocyte adhesion to the vascular endothelial cells stimulated by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron lipopolysaccharides, components of LPS and capsular polysaccharide. HMEC-1 cells were activated with bacterial preparations in concentration 10 ug/ml for 4 and 24 hours. T lymphocytes and granulocytes were isolated from peripheral blood of healthy blood donors. Thereafter, the adhesion tests of granulocytes and adhesion tests of non-activated and activated with PMA ( in concentration 10 ng/ml) T lymphocytes to the resting and stimulated vascular endothelium were performed. The number of viable cells, which adhered to the endothelium, was determined using inverted microscope (magnification 200x). The results were presented as the number of viable cells adhering to 1 mm2 of the endothelial cell culture. The obtained results indicate that granulocytes and T lymphocytes (resting and activated with PMA) adhere to the endothelial cells stimulated by B. thetaiotaomicron cell-surface antigens. B. thetaiotaomicron lipopolysaccharides and capsular polysaccharide are weaker stimulants of human leukocyte adhesion to the HMEC-1 cells than E. coli 055:B5 LPS.

14

Zastosowanie nowej metody do wykrywania beta-laktamaz o rozszerzonym spektrum substratowym [ESBLs]

63%

Rokosz A. , Sawicka-Grzelak A. , Meszaros J. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2002

|

tom 54

|

nr 3

225-231

PL

Z próbek materiału klinicznego wyosobniono 260 szczepów Gram-ujemnych pałeczek, które zidentyfikowano jako ESBL-dodatnie metodą dwóch krążków (DDST). Wszystkie szczepy oznaczono za pomocą nowej metody (DD) służącej do wykrywania beta-laktamaz o rozszerzonym spektrum substratowym z użyciem krążka z cefpodoksymem oraz krążka diagnostycznego z cefpodoksymem i kwasem klawulanowym (CD 01). Zgodność wyników oznaczeń dla obu metod dotyczyła 60,4% badanych szczepów.

EN

The aim of performed examinations was to compare results of two methods applied for the detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs). Two hundred and sixty strains of Gram-negative rods were cultured from clinical specimens obtained from hospitalized patients. These strains were identified as ESBL-positive on the basis of double-disc method (DDST) according to Jarlier et al. (1988) results. Identification of strains performed in automatic ATB Expression system (bioMerieux, France). All strains were determined using a novel test for detection of ESBL-type enzymes (DD) according to Appleton (1999). Two discs are applied in this test: with cefpodoxime (CPD) and with cefpodoxime/clavulanate (CD 01, diagnostic disc). Consistent results of two methods (DDST and DD) were obtained in the case of 166 from among 260 of examined strains (60.4%). Consistent results concerned 161 out of 222 examined strains of enteric rods (72.5%) and only 5 from among 38 of other strains (mostly belonging to the group of non-fermenting rods). On the basis of performed investigations it can he stated that the novel method of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) detection (DD) according to Appleton (1999) is more objective and easier for interpretation than the double-disc synergy test (DDST) according to Jarlier et al. (DDST), which is widely applied in the routine microbiological diagnostics.

15

Zastosowanie metody Etest do oznaczania lekowrazliwych bakterii beztlenowych

63%

Rokosz A. , Sawicka-Grzelak A. , Kot K. , Meszaros J. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

|

2001

|

tom 53

|

nr 2

167-175

PL

Oznaczono lekowrażliwość 100 szczepów bakterii beztlenowych metodą E- test. Zastosowano paski Etest zawierające klindamycynę, metronidazol, piperacylinę, piperacylinę z tazobaktamem oraz imipenem. Określono wartości MIC każdego leku dla wszystkich szczepów. Wykryto po 10 szczepów opornych na klindamycynę, piperacylinę i imipenem. Siedem szczepów było opornych na metronidazol, a dwa szczepy na piperacylinę skojarzoną z tazobaktamem.

EN

The aim of this study was to evaluate Etest usefulness for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes and to compare the activity of five antibacterial drugs against clinical strains of anaerobes. One hundred strains of obligate anaerobes were tested: 2 reference strains (B. fragilis ATCC 25285 and B. thetaiotaomicron ATCC 29741) and 98 clinical strains isolated from patients of the Infant Jesus Clinical Hospital - Center for Trauma Treatment in Warsaw during the last three years (1997-1999). Strains of seven genera of obligate nonsporeforming anaerobes (Bacteroides, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, Propionibacterium and Actinomyces) and strains of two sporeforming species (C. perfringens and C. difficile) were examined. The MIC values were determined by the gradient diffusion method Etest (AB BIODISK, Sweden). Wilkins-Chalgren solid medium supplemented with 5% of sheep blood was used. Test plates were incubated at 35°C for 48 hours in glove-box (85% N2, 10% H2, 5% C02). The MIC values for each strain and antimicrobial agent, and the MIC ranges for bacteria of the same species were established. Ten strains resistant to clindamycin, ten resistant to piperacillin, and ten resistant to imipenem were detected. Seven strains were resistant to metronidazole and two strains to piperacillin combined with tazobactam. Tazobactam restored the susceptibility of eight strains to piperacillin. Obtained results confirm that Etest method is useful for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of obligate anaerobes. Older (clindamycin and metronidazole) and newer (piperacillin, piperacillin/tazobactam and imipenem) antimicrobial agents revealed high and comparable activity against clinical strains of obligate anaerobes. The percentage of strains susceptible to tested antimicrobials was ≥ 90. These antimicrobials may be still useful in the empiric treatment of infections caused by medically important anaerobes.

16

Flora bakteryjna popluczyn oskrzelowo-pecherzykowych oraz wystepowanie przeciwcial klasy IgG i IgA dla Chlamydia pneumoniae u chorych na przewlekla obturacyjna chorobe pluc [POCHP]

63%

Chylak J. , Michalska M. , Paul M. , Wengerek-Kolaczkowska M. , Mlynarczyk W.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

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2002

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tom 54

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nr 3

259-264

PL

Badano florę bakteryjną płynu pęcherzykowo-oskrzelowego oraz próbki surowicy na obecność przeciwciał klasy IgG i IgA dla C. pneumoniae u chorych na przewlekłą obturacyjną chorobę płuc (POCHP). Porównano poziomy przeciwciał klasy IgG i IgA dla C. pneumoniae u osób chorych i zdrowych krwiodawców z grupy kontrolnej. Stwierdzono obecność licznych gatunków bakterii tlenowych i beztlenowych w popłuczynach oskrzelowo- pęcherzykowych ludzi chorych na POCHP, a także wykazano, że wykładniki immunologiczne przetrwałego zakażenia C. pneumoniae występowały statystycznie częściej u chorych niż w grupie kontrolnej.

EN

Bronchoalveolar lavage taken from 46 patients (ranging in age from 21 to 71 years, mean 50.6 ±13.9) was examined for aerobic and anaerobic bacterial flora. Sera taken from 39 of patients as well as sera taken from 25 healthy blood donors of similar age (P = 0.99) were examined to determine IgG and IgA antibodies to C. pneumoniae. Bacterial flora was routinely cultured and determined using ATB computer system (bioMérieux,). IgG and IgA antibodies were tested by the enzyme immunoassays (Labsystems, Finland, Helsinki). Sera containing anti – C. pneumoniae IgG antibodies with titers of 45 EIU or higher and IgA with titers of 12 EIU or higher were considered positive. 143 of aerobic and 74 of anaerobic bacterial strains were cultured. Streptococci group viridans, pneumococci, enteric bacilli, Haemophilus spp., Prevotella spp, Actinomyces spp., Bifidobacterium spp. and Veilonella spp. were most often cultured. 66.6% 'of patients had IgG or IgA antibodies, in contrast, to the control group in which 60.0% and 44.0% of examined blood donors had IgG and IgA antibodies respectively. COPD patients were more frequently positive for specific anti - C. pneumoniae antibodies than the healthy donors (p=0.003). The difference in a seropositivity rate of specific IgA and IgG antibodies was significant (p = 0.00002 and p = 0.003 respectively). Bronchoalveolar lavage of patients suffering from COPD can be contaminated with high number of aerobic and anaerobic bacterial spcies, and immunological status of the patients indicated persistent infection caused by C. pneumoniae more often than in controls.

17

Działanie na bakterie beztlenowe alkoholowego wyciągu z czosnku (Allium sativum L.)

63%

Kedzia A.

Herba Polonica

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1999

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tom 45

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nr 1

27-32

PL

Zbadano 399 szczepów bakterii beztlenowych wyizolowanych z materiałów pobranych od 124 pacjentów z zakażeniami jamy ustnej (56), dróg oddechowych (30) i jamy brzusznej (38). Badanie wrażliwości (MIC) drobnoustrojów beztlenowych na alkoholowy wyciąg z czosnku przeprowadzono metodą seryjnych rozcieńczeń w agarze Brucella z dodatkiem 5% krwi baraniej. Jako inoculum użyto 48-godzinnych hodowli zawierających 105-106 żywych bakteriiw 1 ml. Inkubację prowadzono w 37°C przez 48 godzin w anaerostatach zawierających mieszaniną 10% C02, 10% H2 i 80% N2, w obecności katalizatora palladowego i wskaźnika warunków beztlenowych. Za MIC uznano takie stężenie wyciągu przy którym nie było wzrostu bakterii. Wyniki badań wskazują, że szczepy Gram-ujemnych pałeczek grupy B.fragilis, (B.fragilis, B. distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. vulgatus) (68%), Bacteroides spp. (58%) i Gram-do- datnich bakterii beztlenowych rodzaju Clostridium (85%) i Actinomyces (67%) były wrażliwe na stosunkowo niskie stężenia badanego wyciągu z czosnku. Wartości MIC dla tych szczepów wynosiły od < 0,05 do 0,8 mg/ml. Mniejszą wrażliwość na alkoholowy wyciąg z czosnku wykazały szczepy Fusobacterium spp. (41%), Porphyromonas spp. (40%), Veillonella spp. (40%) i Prevotella spp. (35%). Najmniejszą wrażliwość wykazały szczepy z rodzaju Eubacterium. MIC dla 8 spośród 10 szczepów wynosiło 1,6 mg/ml.

EN

A total of 399 strains of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the sample obtained from 124 patients with infections of oral cavity (56), respiratory tract (30) and abdominal cavity (38) were tested. The susceptibility (MIC) of anaerobes to alcoholic extract of Allium sativum was determined by means of plate dilution technique in Brucella agar with 5% sheep blood. A 48 h culture containing 105-106 viable organisms in 1 ml was used as inoculum. The incubation was performed at 37°C for 48 h in anaerobic jars containing 10% C02,10% H2 and 80% N2, in presence of palladium catalyst and indicator of anaerobiosis. The MIC was interpreted as the lowest concentration of alcoholic extract of Allium sativum inhibiting the growth. The results of these investigations indicated, strains of Gram-negative rods of group of Bactero- ides fragilis, (B.fragilis, B. distasonis, B. thetaiotaomicron, B. ovatus, B. vulgatus) and Gram-positive anaerobes belonging to genera Clostridium (85%) and Actinomyces (67%) were sensitive to comparatively low concentration of extract of Allium sativum. MIC of these strains were in ranges < 0,05 - 0,8 mg/ml. The strains of Fusobacterium spp. (41%), Porphyromonas spp. (40%), Veillo- nella spp. (40%) and Prevotella spp. (35%) were less sensitive to this extract. The strains belonging to genera Eubacterium were much less susceptible. The MIC for 8 among 10 of these strains was 1,6 mg/ml.

18

Enterotoksynotworcze szczepy Bacteroides fragilis izolowane od koni

63%

Obuch-Woszczatynski P. , Pituch H. , Martirosian G. , Silva J. , Meisel-Mikolajczyk F. , Luczak M.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

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2001

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tom 53

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nr 2

161-166

PL

W próbkach różnych materiałów pobranych od koni poszukiwano entero- toksyno-twórczych szczepów Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF). Z badanych materiałów wyhodowano siedem szczepów B. fragilis. Do wykrywania fragmentu genu enterotoksyny (fragilizyny) zastosowano łańcuchową reakcję polimerazy (PCR) z użyciem starterów 404 i 407. Jako szczepów kontrolnych użyto szczepu enterotoksynotwórczego B. fragilis NCTC 11295 oraz nieenterotoksynotwórczego (NTBF) szczepu IPL 323. Obecność genu fragilizyny stwierdzono w dwóch szczepach. Udowodniono, że wśród szczepów izolowanych od koni można wykryć enterotoksynotwórcze szczepy B. fragilis.

EN

Seven Bacteroides fragilis strains were cultured from samples collected from horses. From alI the tested strains, as well as from the reference B. fragilis strains: enterotoxigenic NCTC 11925 and nonenterotoxigenic IPL 323 strain, DNA was isolated using Genomic DNA PREP PLUS isolation kit manufactured by A&A Biotechnology (Poland). To detect the enterotoxin (fragilysin) gene, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was applied, using the following starters: 404 (GAG CCG AAG ACG GTG TAT GTG ATT TGT) and 407 (TGC TCA GCG CCC AGT ATA TGA CCT AGT). DNA obtained from bacterial cells was amplified in a thermocycler (Techne). The temperature profile was as follows: 1 cycle (4 min. 94°C), 40 cycles (1 min. 94°C, 1 min. 52°C, 1 min 74°C). Amplification products were detected by electrophoresis in agarose gel (1%) with ethidium bromide added. The presence of the fragilysin gene was detected in two strains. Among the strains isolated from horses enterotoxin gene-possesing Bacteroides fragilis strains (ETBF) can be detected.

19

Zdolnosc akceptacji bakteriofagow warunkujacych produkcje verotoksyn przez paleczki z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae

63%

Sobieszczanska B. , Gryko R.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

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2001

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tom 53

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nr 3

269-276

PL

Przekazywanie bakteriofagów niosących geny dla verotoksyn (Shiga-like toksyn) - stx-1 i stx-2, między pałeczkami jelitowymi odgrywa kluczową rolę w rozprzestrzenianiu się szczepów zdolnych do produkcji verotoksyn. Bakteriofagi te, w przeciwieństwie do dzikich szczepów pałeczek jelitowych, są łatwo akceptowane przez laboratoryjny szczep E. coli C600. Spośród 125 dzikich szczepów pałeczek z rodziny Enterobacteriaceae, głównie E. coli, żaden in vitro nie akceptował bakteriofagów warunkujących wytwarzanie verotoksyn.

EN

Lysogenised verotoxigenic strains are the source of structural genes of verocytotoxins (stx-1 and stx-2) for the others intestinal bacili. The aim of the study was to estimate the ability of transfer of bacteriophages induced with UV irradiation from reference verotoxigenic strains of E. coli O157:H7 (CB571 and EDL933) into 125 wild-strains of bacili of Enterobacteriaceae family. None of tested recipient strains showed the production of cytotoxin on Vero and HeLa cell lines, what was acknowledged as the lack of stx genes. Contrary to the laboratory strain of E. coli C600 none of 125 tested recipient strains accepted the phages. Obtained lysogenised laboratory strains of E. coli C600/CB571 and E. coli C600/EDL933, besides of the ability to produce verotoxins (with the presence of stx-1 and stx-2 genes), did not differ phenotypically and genotypically from parent strain of E. coli C600. The estimation of the ability to transfer of phages carried stx-1 and/or stx-2 genes was impossible because of too small number of tested wild strain of bacili or because of really low frequency of acceptation of phages by wild strains of intestinal bacili.

20

Charakterystyka defektywnych szczepow MRSA nie wytwarzajacych koagulazy lub czynnika CF

63%

Garbacz K. , Piechowicz L. , Wisniewska K. , Galinski J.

Medycyna Doświadczalna i Mikrobiologia

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2002

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tom 54

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nr 1

1-8

PL

Przebadano 186 szczepów MRSA pochodzących z różnych ośrodków regionu gdańskiego. Określono obecność genów nuc, mec A i coa metodą PCR. Wykryto 14 szczepów defektywnych, które nie wytwarzały koagulazy (7,25%) oraz 7 szczepów nie posiadających czynnika CF (3,76%). W celu scharakteryzowania szczepów defektywnych określono ich wzory restrykcyjne genu koagulazy (coa) metodą PCR-RFLP oraz wzór fagowy i lekooporność. Wzór restrykcyjny B był charakterystyczny dla koagulazoujemnych MRSA, podczas gdy wzór A był bardziej rozpowszechniony i występował zarówno wśród CF-ujemnych jak i CF-dodatnich MRSA.

EN

The aim of the study was to estimate frequency of coagulase-negative and CF-negative strains among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and to assess their homogcnicity in respect of genotype, fagotype and drug resistance pattern. A total of 186 MRSA strains collected from different hospitals in Gdańsk region were studied. Gens: nuc, mecA, and coa were identified by PCR method. The coagulase tube test for staphylocoagulase and the slide test for clumping factor were used. Coagulase - negative and CF - negative MRSA strains were confirmed by PCR - RFLP method of coa gene; phage typing and drug resistance pattern were evaluated by disc diffusion test. The results of the study showed low frequency of both coagulase - negative and CF-negative MRSA strains (7,25% and 3,76% respectively). Among MRSA population tested the simultaneous occurrence of the strains lacking coagulase and clumping factor was not observed. All coagulase negative MRSA had coagulase gene (coa) and differed from CF-negative strains in respect of coa gene.