Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUROSEMIDE INCORPORATED EUDRAGIT MICROSPHERES FORMULATED BY SPRAY-DRYING

100%

Ostróżka-Cieślik A. , Sarecka-Hujar B. , Jankowski A.

Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica - Drug Research

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2018

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tom 75

|

nr 6

1369-1376

EN

Microspheres are one of the multicompartment drug delivery systems. The active substance is incorporated into a polymeric matrix. The aim of the study was to determine physicochemical properties of furosemide microspheres prepared with Eudragit L30 D-55 matrix and to analyse their stability and drug release. A test formulation at the drug-polymer ratio of 1:2 was used in the study. Furosemide was incorporated into the enteric matrix because it reduces gastric acid secretion and impairs gastric secretory functions. The optimum spray drying parameters were determined on the basis of preliminary tests: aspirator efficiency: 80%, Tin: 140°C, pump capacity: 10%. The designated Hausner ratio and Carr index indicate good flow properties of the obtained product. The stability tests show that the microspheres are physically stable under the applied storage conditions. Based on the analysis of furosemide release from microspheres, it has been found that it is a two-step process. In the first step, 28.68% of the active substance was released into a pH 1.2 buffer solution. In the second step, the remaining part of the active substance was released into a pH 6.8 buffer within 30 minutes.

2

Expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres as fillers in new generation paper pulp mixtures used for contact with liquid metal

100%

Zawieja Z. , Sawicki J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2015

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tom Vol. 9, nr 26

83--88

EN

Liquid metal when filling sand casting mould while pouring it out from ladle at the first moment comes across the sprue/gate system of the mould the purpose of which is to transfer liquid metal and feed the mould recess. The materials presently used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems are based on ceramics or the mixtures based on paper pulp. In this study the use of alternative mineral additions such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite, and microspheres as the fillers to paper pulp acquired from waste-paper for the use for the elements of mould sprue/gate systems or also other applications for the contact with liquid metal are presented. Experimental mould tube shapes made on the basis of the paper pulp based mixture patented by the authors were poured over with liquid metal. For the comparison, ceramic shapes and commercially available cellulose shapes were investigated in the same way. In order to compare the crystallization processes, a measurement of the cooling off liquid metal was carried out for all the analysed tube samples. From the so obtained metal samples metallographic microsections were made to compare cast iron microstructures. The results obtained from the investigations carried out have shown that the patented paper pulp based mixture may well be applied as an alternative material used for the elements of the sprue/gate systems for disposable sand moulds.

3

Badania i możliwości zastosowań mikrosfer z popiołów lotnych

100%

Łach M. , Mikuła J.

Technical Issues

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2016

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tom nr 3

74--78

EN

The paper presents a short description of aluminosilicate materials which are microspheres derived from fly ash from coal combustion in power stations. The most important properties of such materials, the conditions of their formation, methods of obtaining and selected areas of application are discussed. The microspheres that were tested came from the Power Plant Skawina. Analysis of particle size and wall thickness of the microspheres and the analysis of the chemical composition have been carried out. This article also presents preliminary results of the alkaline activation of the microspheres in order to obtain a fraction within the zeolite. Alkali activation was carried out in several variants, using aqueous solutions of sodium hydroxide and the obtained results allow to determine the suitability of the microspheres to obtain zeolites in their substrate. Observations with the scanning electron microscope showed the existence of significant quantities of specific forms of zeolites, after alkaline activation processes of microspheres.

4

Mechanical properties of porous collagen/ gelatin/ hydroxyethyl cellulose matrices containing microspheres based on sodium alginate

100%

Kozlowska J. , Tybinkowska O. , Sionkowska A.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2018

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tom Vol. 21, no. 148

84

5

Preparation and characterization of SiO2 microspheres doped with CoFe2O4 nanocrystals

88%

Tyrpekl V. , Poltierová-Vejpravová J. , Plocek J. , Nižňanský D.

Materials Science Poland

|

2010

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tom Vol. 28, No. 1

129--137

EN

Main goal of the reported work was to fabricate silica microspheres doped with magnetic nanocrystals. Cobalt ferrite nanocrystals were fabricated separately via surfactant-assisted coprecipitation. The sol-gel method in microemulsion was subsequently used for encapsulating of the magnetic nanonanocrystals into the silica microspheres. Final products were characterized by various techniques and magnetic measurements. The obtained silica microspeheres doped with CoFe2O4 were of average diameter 11 žm.

6

Optimizing manufacturing conditions of polymer microspheres as cell carriers for modular tissue engineering

88%

Mielan B. , Pamuła E.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2020

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tom Vol. 23, no. 156

2--9

EN

Microspheres (MS) made of biostable polymer, namely polystyrene, have been used as substrates for cell culture enabling rapid cell expansion in dynamic conditions. However, due to non-resorbability, polystyrene (PS) MS when repopulated with cells cannot be directly used in tissue engineering. Our concept was to produce MS from resorbable polymer – poly(L-lactide- -co-glycolide) (PLGA) as a support for adherent cells, e.g. osteoblasts. We hypothesize that such MS can be applied to the injured site to act as cell carriers or as modules for modular tissue engineering (MTE). In this article, we present the results of optimizing the PLGA MS manufacturing conditions via oil-in-water emulsification. Due to such a technique, MS with the required size, size distribution and properties suitable for cell culturing can be obtained. Three parameters of the oil-in-water emulsification were examined: the stirring speed of a water phase during MS manufacturing, the surfactant concentration, i.e. poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) in a water phase and concentration of PLGA in dichloromethane (DCM) as an oil phase. The results proved that the 7.5% PLGA concentration in DCM solution as an oil phase, the 0.5-2% concentration of PVA solution as a water phase and the stirring speed of water phase of 1000 rpm provided MS with the 160 μm mean diameter, which is suitable for cell culture. Moreover, the developed sieving and cleaning procedures were efficient to collect MS with the mean diameter of 280 μm, the more coherent size distribution and the ability to sink in the cell culture medium. The presence on the bottom of cell culture wells is crucial for MTE.

7

Development of a technology for the production of ceramic moulds with reduced thermal conductivity to control the solidification of thin-walled castings

88%

Leśniewski W. , Wawrylak M. , Wieliczko P. , Gil A. , Małysza M. , Szczepaniak-Lalewicz K.

Prace Instytutu Odlewnictwa

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2017

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tom Vol. 57, no. 4

259--263

EN

During the project a technology of making ceramic moulds using aluminosilicate microspheres was developed. According to the developed technology, ceramic samples were used to determine thermal conductivity in the temperature range of 500°C to 850°C. In this temperature range, thermal conductivity is about 0.5 W/mK. Strength measurements were conducted using a four-point bending technique. The strength of the developed ceramics and typical ceramics made from molochite materials is similar. Computer simulations facilitated the design of experimental moulds. The recording of Al alloy cooling curves in rectangular insulated and non-insulated moulds allowed for comparison of the thermal parameters of both types of moulds (i.e. ceramics). There was also a castability test performed using the moulds with a “grille” model with 1.5 × 1.5 mm channels, which determined the effect of increased material insulation on the number of properly filled mesh of the mould.

8

PREPARATION OF MICRO AND NANOSTRUCTURES OF CHITOSAN BY ULTRASONIC COALESCENCE OF W/O EMULSIONS

88%

Balcerzak J. , Kucharska M. , Gruchała B.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2013

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tom 18

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nr 18

13-20

EN

In the paper, the preeliminary study of chitosan micro and nanospheres precipitation due to two reverse emulsions (W/O) coalescence is described. The composition conditions, which must be filled to obtain stable reverse emulsion is pointed out. Furthermore, the parameters of ultrasonic emulsification and coalescence technique are presented and finally, morphological study of obtained micro and nanospheres are discussed.

9

Microspheres and Pellets of UO2 Prepared Via ADU by Complex Sol-Gel Process and ICHTJ Process

88%

Brykala M. , Rogowski M. , Wawszczak D. , Olczak T. , Smolinski T.

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

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2020

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tom Vol. 65, iss. 4

1397--1404

EN

This study is devoted to synthesis and characterization of uranium dioxide microspheres (Ø < 100 μm) and pellets by application of powder-free process called the Complex Sol-Gel Process. The precursors of prepared sols were ascorbic acid solution with dissolved a freshly precipitated ammonium diuranate. The microspheres of uranyl-ascorbate gel were obtained using the ICHTJ Process. The pellets were formed by pressing and sintering of uranium dioxide powder. Studies allowed determining an optimal heat treatment of calcination, reduction and sintering processes at temperatures of 700°C, 900°C and 1300°C, respectively. The main parameters which play a key role in the process of synthesis method and features of the pellets and microspheres of uranium dioxide are described in this article.

10

Qualitative analyses of gas evolution from modified cellulose mixtures during thermal degradation IN AIR AND ARGON

88%

Zawieja Z. , Sawicki J.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2017

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tom Vol. 11, no 3

24--30

EN

This paper presents the application of mineral additives, such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres in items used in founding. Mixed with paper pulp and aluminosilicate resin as a binder, these additives are the base of a mixture patented by the authors, which can be used in the production of pipe shapes and connectors with a circular cross-section in casting systems in the founding industry. These mixtures were subjected to TG thermal degradation during which a quantitative analysis of the emitted fumes was carried out. The analysis did not detect any other compounds than those formed by the combustion of cellulose materials, which indicated that no chemical reaction took place between the applied additives and cellulose at high temperatures.

11

Synthesis and characterization of Zn/ZnO microspheres on indented sites of silicon substrate

88%

Ahmed N. , Majid A. , Khan M. A. , Rashid M. , Umar Z. A. , Baig M. A.

Materials Science Poland

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2018

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tom Vol. 36, No. 3

501--508

EN

Self-assembled Zn/ZnO microspheres have been accomplished on selected sites of boron doped P-type silicon substrates using hydrothermal approach. The high density Zn/ZnO microspheres were grown on the Si substrates by chemical treatment in mixed solution of zinc sulfate ZnSO4·7H2O and ammonium hydroxide NH4 (OH) after uniform heating at 95 degrees C for 15 min. The Zn/ZnO microspheres had dimensions in the range of 1 pm to 20 pm and were created only on selected sites of silicon substrate. The crystal structure, chemical composition and morphology of as-prepared samples were studied by using scanning electron microscope SEM, X-ray diffraction XRD, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy EDS, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy FT-IR and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance absorption spectra DRS. The energy band gap Eg of about 3.28 eV was obtained using Tauc plot. In summary, this study suggests that interfacial chemistry is responsible for the crystal growth on indented sites of silicon substrate and the hydrothermal based growth mechanism is proposed as a useful methodology for the formation of highly crystalline three dimensional (3-D) Zn/ZnO microspheres.

12

CHITOSAN MICROSPHERES PREPARED BY MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION FOR CHROMIUM REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS

75%

Wolska J.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2016

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tom 21

203-216

EN

Chitosan is naturally abundant biopolymer that could be used as chelating sorbent for removal of metal ions from aqueous solutions. In this study the uniform-sized chitosan microspheres and their modified derivatives were prepared by using the one stage membrane emulsification process. The obtained sorbents were used for removal of chromium VI ions. The sorption evaluation was carried out at different initial ion concentrations and allowed to fit the experimental data to Langmuir isotherm in the case of unmodified materials and to Freundlich isotherm in the case of modified microspheres. The highest sorption towards chromium has been shown by unmodified chitosan with medium molecular weight. The calculated maximum sorption capacity for this polymer was found to be 1.6 mmol/g.

13

Synteza mikrosfer epoksyfunkcjonalnych matodą polimeryzacji emulsyjnej metakrylanów

75%

Łukaszczyk J. , Cebulska A.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Technologii Organicznej i Tworzyw Sztucznych Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Konferencje

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2001

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tom Vol. 50, nr 23

247-250

PL

Celem pracy było otrzymanie epoksyfunkcjonalnych mikrosfer polimerowych w wyniku polimeryzacji emulsyjnej metakrylanu 3-chloro-2-hydroksypropylu (CHPMA) a następnie transformacja grup chlorohydrynowych na powierzchni ziaren do grup epoksydowych. W badaniach brano pod uwagę wpływ obecności lub braku stabilizatora - poli(alkoholu winylowego) (PVA) - na wielkość i polidyspersyjność otrzymywanych cząstek sferycznych.

EN

The present paper describes the synthesis and charakterization of poly(3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) microspheres and their transformation into epoxyfunctional ones. The microspheres were prepared by means of emulsion polymerization of 3-chloro-2-hydroksypropyl methacrylate with and without use of PVA emulsion stabilizer. The influence of the stabilizer on the particle size and size distribution was observed. Surface chlorohydrine groups were easily converted into epoxide ones by the treatment with aqueous alkaline.

14

Modification of the surface of spherical aluminosilicates with graphene oxide

75%

Dubiel A. , Nakonieczny D. , Walke W. , Majewska J. , Dzido G. , Nuckowski P. , Matus K.

Engineering of Biomaterials

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2021

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tom Vol. 24, no. 163

30

15

The selected physico-chemical properties of microspheres and possibility of their use in cement composites

75%

Haustein E.

Composites Theory and Practice

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2016

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tom R. 16, nr 1

25--29

EN

Microspheres are formed during the mineral transformation stage in coal combustion. Their content in fly ashes from the combustion of different types of coals varies over a rather wide range from 0.01 to 4.8 wt.%. The microspheres have three main elements, silicon, aluminum and iron, the oxides of which account for about 89.0 wt.% of the material. Mineralogical analysis using XRD shows that microspheres mainly contain mullite and quartz as the main crystalline phases. The size of microspheres varies between 5 and 500 µm and the most common dimension is 20÷300 µm. Microspheres are characterized by a low bulk density (0.2÷0.8 g/cm3 ) and can be easily separated by gravitational methods in the form of a concentrate in aqueous media or collected from the water surface of lagoons intended for storing of fly ash and slag. The unique properties of microspheres suggest the wide range of their use. They are currently used as lightweight filler which improves the thermal insulation properties of mortars and concretes based on mineral binders.

PL

Mikrosfery - drobna frakcja popiołów lotnych - powstają w procesie konwencjonalnego spalania węgli kamiennych. Ich zawartość w popiołach lotnych ze spalania różnych gatunków węgla zmieniać się może w szerokim zakresie: od 0,01 do 4,8 wag.%. Pod względem składu chemicznego głównymi składnikami mikrosfer w formie tlenkowej są krzem, glin i żelazo, stanowiące około 89% ich masy. Ich skład mineralny to głównie: kwarc i mulit. Wielkość cząstek sferycznych waha się od 5 do 500 µm, jednak rozmiar większości cząstek mieści się w granicach od 20 do 300 µm. Mikrosfery charakteryzują się niską gę- stością w zakresie 0,2÷0,8 g/cm3 . Na tej podstawie mogą być łatwo oddzielone metodą flotacji w środowisku wodnym, z powierzchni lagun lub bezpośrednio z basenów osadniczych. Wyjątkowe właściwości mikrosfer sugerują szerokie możliwości wykorzystania. Dzięki właściwościom pucolanowym mikrosfery wykorzystywane są jako lekki wypełniacz poprawiający własności termoizolacyjne zapraw i betonów na bazie spoiw mineralnych.

16

CHITOSAN AND CHITOSAN-POLYETHYLENIMINE MICROSPHERES PREPARED BY MEMBRANE EMULSIFICATION AND THEIR APPLICATION FOR DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS

75%

Wolska J.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2017

|

tom 22

220 - 235

EN

The aim of this paper was to prepare chitosan microspheres characterised by a narrow dispersion of dimensions, suitable for application for drug delivery systems (DDS). The materials, unmodified as well as functionalised using polyethyleneimine were then used for encapsulation of drug-mimicking dyes. The polymeric beads were prepared by one stage process of membrane emulsification. The encapsulation and then evaluation of the release of an active component was carried out using two cytostatics-mimicking dyes: methyl orange and Congo red. The efficiency of encapsulation changed with a type of microspheres and the type of a dye. The highest sorption towards dyes was revealed by PEI-modified chitosan microspheres. Methyl orange was released with the better efficiency than Congo red from all types of microspheres.

17

Możliwość napowietrzenia betonu przez zastosowanie mikrosfer

75%

Molendowska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Budownictwo / Politechnika Śląska

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2008

|

tom z. 113

185-192

PL

Zasadniczym problemem przy stosowaniu domieszek napowietrzających jest uzyskanie odpowiedniej struktury porów powietrznych w betonie przy ustabilizowanej ilości powietrza. Jest ona bowiem uzależniona od wielu czynników. Problem ten można rozwiązać, jeżeli do betonu zamiast domieszki napowietrzającej wprowadzone zostaną kuliste cząstki o znanych rozmiarach, zwane mikrosferami. W referacie przedstawione zostały wyniki oznaczeń parametrów struktury porów powietrznych oraz wytrzymałości kilku serii betonów napowietrzonych przez zastosowanie mikrosfer popiołowych oraz polimerowych.

EN

The fundamental problem during to use tradicional air-entraining agent is to get the suitable air-void structure in concrete with stable quantity of air. Technology of air-entraining makes a lot of difficulties because of many factors influencing the quality of air-pores structure. This problem is posible to solution if instead of air-entraining agent microspheres will be used. The paper presents the results of microscopic examinations of air-pores structure and compressive strength in several series of air-entrained concretes made with microspheres.

18

Influence of lightweight fillers on the performance of cement-based skim coat

63%

Kupiński M. , Stobieniecka K. , Skowera K.

Structure and Environment

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2020

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tom Vol. 12, no. 1

5--11

EN

Lightweight fillers are used in dry-mixed building mortars in order to improve thermal insulation properties, yield, and workability. In the case of thin layer products, used as a finishing layer, reduced thermal conductivity coefficient enables to restrain of water vapor condensation on walls - which inhibits mold growth. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of 4 types of lightweight fillers on the performance of cement-based skim coat - with emphasis on the economic aspect. Formulas reflecting typical commercial products were used. The dosage of different components - such as expanded perlite, glass and polymeric bubbles or expanded glass - was optimized for sufficient yield and workability, keeping the constant price of 1 kg of the final product. Mechanical parameters, capillary absorption coefficient, and thermal conductivity coefficient were determined. Observations by Scanning Electron Microscope revealed poor incorporation of polymer microspheres in the cement matrix, leading to loss of mechanical strength. With the addition of expanded glass, an increase of flexural and compressive strength thanks to the pozzolanic reaction was observed. Glass bubbles were found the most effective additive.

PL

Stosowanie lekkich wypełniaczy w suchym mieszankach chemii budowlanej pozwala na poprawę termoizolacyjności, wydajności oraz właściwości roboczych zapraw. W przypadku cienkowarstwowych wyrobów wykończeniowych obniżony współczynnik przewodzenia ciepła hamuje kondensację pary wodnej na ścianach wewnętrznych, redukując powstawanie pleśni. Celem przeprowadzonych badań było określenie wpływu czterech rodzajów lekkich wypełniaczy na właściwości gładzi cementowej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem aspektu ekonomicznego. Sporządzono receptury odzwierciedlające skład typowych komercyjnych produktów. Dozowanie poszczególnych dodatków: perlitu ekspandowanego, kulek szklanych i polimerowych oraz spienionego szkła, zoptymalizowano pod kątem odpowiedniej wydajności oraz konsystencji, zachowując przy tym stałą cenę 1 kg ostatecznego wyrobu. Dokonano pomiarów właściwości mechanicznych, absorpcji kapilarnej oraz współczynnika przewodzenia ciepła. Obserwacje pod skaningowym mikroskopem elektronowym pozwoliły wykazać niską przyczepność mikrosfer polimerowych do matrycy cementowej prowadzącą do pogorszenia wytrzymałości. Przy dodatku granulowanego spienionego szkła zaobserwowano wzrost wytrzymałości na zginanie i ściskanie na skutek reakcji pucolanowej. Za najkorzystniejszy uznano dodatek kulek szklanych.

19

Triclosan Encapsulated in Poli(L,L-lactide) as a Carrier of Antibacterial Properties of Textiles

63%

Goetzendorf–Grabowska B. , Królikowska H. , Bąk P. , Gadzinowski M. , Brycki B. , Szwajca A.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2008

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tom Vol. 16, no. 3 (68)

102--107

EN

The subject of this paper covers research on the application of encapsulated biocides to achieve anibacterial textile products. Nonwoven with incorporated in its structure Triclosan, encapsulated in biodegradable polylactide, was the material of this research work. The influence of selected parameters of encapsulation and conditions of micro-sphere incorporation into nonwoven structure on the microbiological effect is also described as. Due to a inter-disciplinary approach, the research work was perfomed by Textile Research Institute in co-operation with the Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies in Łódź the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań and the Technical University of Łódz.

PL

Przedmiotem publikacji są badania dotyczące wykorzystania biocydów enkapsulowanych, do otrzymywania bioaktywnych wyrobów włókienniczych. Materiał badawczy stanowiła włóknina z wprowadzonym w strukturę triclosanem enkapsulowanym biodegradowalnym polilaktydem. Opisano wpływ wybranych parametrów enkapsulacji i warunków inkorporacji mikrosfer do struktury włókniny, na efekt mikrobiologiczny. Z uwagi na interdycyplinarny charakter tematu badania w były realizowane przy współpracy Instytutu Włókiennictwa z Centrum Badań Molekularnych w Łodzi, Uniwersytetem im. A. Mickiewicza w Poznaniu i Politechniką Łódzką.

20

Stereocomplexation of polylactides containing ionic liquid end-groups

63%

Biedroń T. , Michalski A. , Biela T. , Kubisa P.

Polimery

|

2017

|

tom T. 62, nr 4

254--261

EN

Linear and cyclic oligomers of epichlorohydrin were synthesized and converted by reaction with N-methylimidazole into linear or cyclic derivatives fitted with imidazolium ionic liquid groups. These oligomers containing hydroxyl groups were used as macroinitiators of cationic polymerization of L- and D-lactide. Two types of products were obtained: linear polylactides (PLA's) containing a few ionic liquid groups at the chain end and star PLA's containing a few ionic liquid groups at the core. The enantiomeric forms of PLA, poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactide) (PDLA) were used for stereocomplexation studies following earlier observation that if PLLA and PDLA containing one imidazolium ionic liquid group at the chain end are mixed in 1,4-dioxane solution, stereocomplex precipitates spontaneously in form of uniform microspheres. In a present contribution it is shown that if more than one ionic liquid group is introduced at the chain ends of PLLA and PDLA, morphology of precipitated stereocomplex is similar to that observed for PLA's fitted with one ionic liquid group but microspheres are slightly less regular. When few ionic liquid groups are present at the core of star PLLA no specific morphology is observed for precipitating stereocomplex with linear PDLA fitted with C4H9O- group. Only when end-groups able to interacting with each other are introduced, specific morphology appears. With ionic liquid end-groups in linear component, stereocomplex precipitates in form of irregular granules while with strongly interacting ureidopirymidine end-groups, microspheres, although not very regular, are formed. These results indicate that well defined morphology (regular spherical particles) is observed when interacting groups are present at the freely moving chain ends but not, when the same groups are embedded and immobilized at the core of star polymers and through it probably are hidden inside polymer random coil.

PL

Otrzymano liniowe i cykliczne oligomery epichlorohydryny, następnie grupy chlorometylowe przekształcono – w reakcji z N-metyloimidazolem – w imidazoliowe, analogiczne do grup występujących w cieczach jonowych. Oligomery zawierające grupy hydroksylowe zastosowano jako makroinicjatory kationowej polimeryzacji L- i D-laktydu, w wyniku której uzyskano dwa rodzaje produktów: liniowe polimery laktydu (PLA) z udziałem kilku grup cieczy jonowej na jednym zkońców łańcucha oraz gwiaździste polimery laktydu zawierające kilka grup cieczy jonowej w centrum gwiaździstej makrocząsteczki. Enancjomeryczne formy PLA: poli(L-laktyd) (PLLA) i poli(D-laktyd) (PDLA) zastosowano do wytworzenia stereokompleksów. Wykazano, że jeśli na końcu łańcucha znajduje się więcej niż jedna grupa cieczy jonowej, morfologia wytrącającego się stereokompleksu jest zbliżona do morfologii obserwowanej w wypadku obecności tylko jednej grupy cieczy jonowej, ale mikrosfery są mniej jednorodne. Wyniki wskazują, że regularne mikrosfery powstają jeśli grupy zdolne do wzajemnych oddziaływań znajdują się na końcach liniowych makrocząsteczek, nie powstają natomiast wtedy, gdy grupy te znajdują się w centrum gwiaździstej makrocząsteczki i są otoczone jej ramionami.