Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Micromorphological study (ultrastructure of lamina surface, seeds, ultrasculpture of pollen grains) ofGladiolusL. species (IridaceaeJuss.) of Ukrainian flora

100%

Zhygalova S. L. , Futorna O. A. , Levanets A.

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nr 4

21-27

EN

Micro-morphological characteristics of the four Gladiolus L. species of the Ukrainian flora (G. imbricatus L., G. italicus Mill., G. palustris Gaudin and G. tenuis M. Bieb.) as regards leaves, seeds and pollens are presented with this investigation in a detailed way. An examination of the surface structure of the leaves, seeds and pollen grains of the Gladiolus species indicates that the characteristics of the ultrastructure of leaves and of pollen grains are not diagnostic for distinguishing species, but they could be important at genus level (leaves: features such as being amphistomatic, having the same quantity of immersed stomata on both surfaces and having a high stomata index, the presence and localisation of papillae, the shape of epidermal cells; pollen grains: monosulcate type with two operculums). However, the type of surface ultrastructure of the seed coat is a diagnostic feature as at genus level so for species. It can be mentioned that propose the use of features such as the shape and position of the cicatricle, the type of cuticle, the shape and boundaries of cells of testa, and the anticlinal cell walls as diagnostic features at genera level. The shape of seeds, the presence and disposition of wing, the level of the periclinal cell walls of the seed coat and types of relief are additional diagnostic features for distinguishing of Gladiolus species.

2

The influence of micro-morphology and micro-structure on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation

100%

Wang W. , Chen Y. , Haisheng L. , Dong H. , Wang G.

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tom Vol. 57, iss. 1

53--63

EN

Fly ash is a complex system with a variety of fine particles. The complex relationship between unburned carbon and ash particles has an important influence on the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. The particles adhered to the two electrode plates are collected through the triboelectrostatic beneficiation experiment. The scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence are used to detect the microscopic differences between the particles of positive and negative plates. The results show that the flaky carbon particles in the raw ash and the ash particles larger than 4µm are more easily separated, while it is converse for the ash particles with particle size less than 4µm. With the particle size less than 4µm, it is gradually more obvious for the influence of adhesion caused by the roughness surface of spherical unburned carbon particles, and the surface pores structure of porous carbon particles. The binding structure between unburned carbon and ash particles is complex and changeable. It is not beneficial to improve the separation efficiency. Therefore, the micro-structure and micro-morphology have an important effect on fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation. Some suggestions were proposed from the microscopic point to improve the efficiency of fly ash triboelectrostatic beneficiation.

3

Micromorphology of pollen grains of fruit trees of the genus Prunus

86%

Chwil M.

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2015

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tom 14

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nr 4

EN

The micromorphological characteristics of the pollen grain sculpture is one of the most important diagnostic traits in plants. Pollen grains in various species of the subfamily Prunoideae are characterized by variations in size, shape and exine sculpture. In the present work, for the first time, the micromorphology of pollen grains of fourteen cultivars from five fruit tree species of the genus Prunus was compared. Morphometric observations and analysis of pollen grains were performed using light and electron scanning microscopy. In terms of size, the pollen grains studied were classified as medium sized and large. Their shape was determined to be prolate, subprolate, or prolate spheroidal. The striae in the exine of P. armeniaca run parallel and can be branched or curved. The sculpture of P. persica grains shows elongated extending paralel regular and irregular striae, dichotomously branched. Regularly arranged, or at places branched, striae are found in the exine of P. avium pollen grains. The ornamentation of P. cerasus grains is composed of elongated striae, sometimes slightly curved or with a tendency to intertwine. The exine of P. domestica grains is characterized by forked, arched striae. The stria thickness differs significantly between cultivars within the species, while the groove width differs only between some species and cultivars. The obtained results on the exine sculpture of pollen grains can be used in the taxonomy of species of the genus Prunus.

PL

Mikromorfologiczna charakterystyka skulptury ziaren pyłku stanowi jedną z ważniejszych cech diagnostycznych roślin. Ziarna pyłku u różnych gatunków z podro dziny Prunoideae charakteryzuje zmienność co do wielkości, kształtu i skulptury egzyny. W prezentowanej pracy po raz pierwszy porównano mikromorfologię ziaren pyłku czternastu odmian w obrębie pięciu gatunków drzew owocowych z rodzaju Prunus. Obserwacje i badania morfometryczne ziaren pyłku wykonano przy użyciu mikroskopii świetlnej i skaningowej elektronowej. Badane ziarna pod względem wielkości zaliczono do średnich lub dużych. Ich kształt określono jako prolatum, subprolatum lub prolatospheroides. Prążki w egzynie P. armeniaca przebiegają równolegle, mogą być rozgałęzione lub wygięte. Skulptura ziaren P. persica obejmuje prążki miejscami przebiegające równolegle lub nieregularnie, albo dychotomicznie rozgałęzione. W egzynie ziaren pyłku P. avium występują regularnie ułożone obok siebie lub miejscami rozgałęzione prążki. Rzeźba ziaren P. cerasus tworzy wydłużone prążki, niekiedy z delikatnym wygięciem lub z tendencją do przeplatania. Egzyna ziaren P. domestica charakteryzuje się rozwidlonymi, łukowato wygiętymi prążkami. Grubość striae istotnie różni się między odmianami w obrębie gatunków, a szerokość rowków tylko między niektórymi gatunkami i odmianami. Uzyskane wyniki badań związane ze skulpturą egzyny ziaren pyłku mogą być wykorzystane w taksonomii gatunków z rodzaju Prunus.

4

Interpretation of soil erosion in a Polish loess area using OSL, 137Cs, 210Pbex, dendrochronology and micromorphology – case study: Biedrzykowice site (s Poland)

86%

Poręba G. , Śnieszko Z. , Moska P. , Mroczek P. , Malik I.

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tom Vol. 46, no. 1

57--78

EN

Loess areas used for agriculture are susceptible to soil erosion. The intensive process of soil erosion in Polish loess areas began with the onset of the Neolithic and has continued intermittently until today. This work presents the results of soil erosion from simultaneous use of the 137Cs and 210Pbex methods on an agricultural field located on loess slope. Moreover, to establish the age of accumulated sediment connected with water slope erosion, OSL dating, selected physicochemical and micromorphological analyses were applied. The reference values of the 137Cs and 210Pbex fallout for the studied site (Biedrzykowice, the Proszowice Plateau, Małopolska Upland) equal 2627 (45% connected with Chernobyl) and 4835 Bq·m–2, respectively. The results of the 137Cs and 210Pbex inventories measured for the agricultural field range from 730 to 7911 and from 1615 to 11136 Bq·m–2, respectively. The mean soil erosion is about 2.1 kg·m–2·a–1 (about 1.4 mm·a–1). The accumulation of the colluvial sediments started in the Neolithic and drastically increased in the Middle Ages. The examined gully catchment in Biedrzykowice has probably developed quite rapidly as a result of increased erosion. This resulted in the abandonment of this area as farmland and, consequently, in the minimization of water erosion on the slope due to the entrance of woody vegetation in this area. Erosion processes were highly intensified during the last 70 years as a result of deforestation after World War II and intensive agricultural reuse of this area after a break, as indicated by isotope measurements and dendrochronology.

5

Badania mikrotwardości i mikromorfologii powierzchni eksperymentalnych materiałów stomatologii odtwórczej

86%

Karaś J. , Szamałek K.

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tom Vol. 13, no. 99-101

72--75

6

Zastosowanie analizy mikromorfologicznej w badaniach gleb i osadów czwartorzędowych

86%

Budek A.

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tom Vol. 12

23-30

PL

Analiza mikromorfologiczna dotyczy głównie opisu i interpretacji komponentów, struktur i cech osadów i gleb o różnej genezie i wieku. Największą zaletą tej metody w badaniu środowiska jest możliwość obserwacji pod mikroskopem próbek o nienaruszonej strukturze. Dlatego też znalazła ona szerokie zastosowanie w naukach przyrodniczych jak geologia, nauki rolnicze, paleogeografia oraz w archeologii.

EN

The micromorphology concern with the description and interpretation of soil components features and fabrics. In this method fundamental is collection of undisturbed blocks with natural arrangement of soil or sediment component. The main aim is an understanding of the processes involved in soil formation, produced by normal force of nature or induced by the human activities. Using image analysis of thin section are definite each proprieties of features, such as the shape, the size, the frequency of appearing and the genesis.

7

Geochemical composition of Vistulian loess and micromorphology of interstadial palaeosols at the Kolodiiv site (East Carpathian Foreland, Ukraine

86%

Łącka B. , Łanczont M. , Madeyska T. , Boguckyj A.

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2007

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tom Vol. 51, No 2

127-146

EN

This paper summarizes geochemical and palaeopedological investigations of the Upper Pleistocene loess-palaeosol sequences at the Kolodiiv site. The Kolodiiv 2, 3 and 5 profiles were selected for this study. The Kolodiiv 2 profile contains loesses, interglacial (Eemian) and interstadial (Vistulian) palaeosols. A set of Early Vistulian soils over lying Eemian gyttja and peat is exposed in the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles. The mineral composition of the 50-2 mm silt fraction was analysed using non-oriented powder samples by means of X-ray dif - fraction. The total concentrations of nine major (Si, Ti, Al, Fe, Mn, Mg, Ca, K and Na) and nine trace elements (Zn, Pb, Ni, Rb, Cr, Sr, Ba, Co, V) as well as the humus content and loss on ignition were measured. The major elements concentrations in mineral deposits from the Kolodiiv 2 loess-palaeosol sequence indicate that the loess particles were derived from poorly weathered source rocks that have under - gone at least one sedimentary cycle. Climatic conditions have strongly in fluenced the mobilization and accumulation of elements in the palaeosol horizons due to the changes in the intensity of weathering and pedogenic processes. For the micromorphological study, ten samples from the Kolodiiv 3 and 5 profiles were used. Thin sections representing the Kolodiiv and Dubno set of palaeosols from Early Vistulian and Middle Pleniglacial show, be sides palaeopedologic characteristics, significant evidence of redeposition of sediments and soils.

8

Diversity of labellar micromorphological structures in selected species of Malaxidinae [Orchidales]

86%

Kowalkowska A. , Margonska H. B.

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nr 2

141-150

EN

There are no papers examining the labellar micromorphology in Malaxidinae in detail. The aim of this paper is to present the results of labellar micromorphology of our studies on Malaxidinae. The micromorphology of nine species was examined and described (calli, nectaries, OP structures, concavities). These species are divided into six groups of which the lip morphology probably represents different forms of attracting and rewarding pollinators. Group one consists of Disticholiparis gregaria and Platystyliparis aurita with characteristic globular nectary and pad-like callus. The second group with Liparis nervosa has two conelike convexities. The third one is represented by Liparis sutupensis with spread lip, the basal callus, and the epichile often eroding with age. The fourth group (Stichorkis cespitosum) has a massive hypochil with basal callus and delicate epichil. The fifth group (Microstylis ophioglossoides, Dienia ophrydis) is characterized by a lip with developed lateral lobes, three deep concavities in the middle part, an erect callus, and many raphide cells.Crepidium cf. rheedii and Crepidium dryadum from the sixth group have a three-lobed lip with entire or toothed mid-lobe, basal callus, cavity surrounded by a rim and OP structures with raphide cells. We also emphasized the different way and place of nectar secretion in the subtribe and gave some suggestions about pollination strategies.

9

Variability of seeds of the invasive species Impatiens glandulifera Royle (Balsaminaceae) and their micromorphology

86%

Maciejewska-Rutkowska I. , Janczak B.

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2016

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tom 20

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nr 4

EN

The aim of the work was to estimate the range of morphological variability of seeds of the Himalayan balsam (Impatiens glandulifera), from different sites within Poland. It was also verified whether there was a correlation between morphological variability of seeds and type of vegetation from which they originated. Additionally, the seed coat ultrastructure of this species was studied. Biometrical analysis showed remarkable variability of seed morphology. A significant relationship between seed size and type of vegetation was also revealed. However, there was no clear relationship between seed mass and type of vegetation. Based on the structure and ornamentation of epidermal cells, the rugosely ruminate seed coat type was proposed.

10

Seed coat patterns in rapid-cycling Brassica forms

86%

Karcz J. , Ksiazczyk T. , Maluszynska J.

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nr 1

EN

The micromorphological typology of seed surfaces was investigated in rapid-cycling Brassica (RCBr) forms, using scanning electron microscopy. Four types of basic ornamentation pattern were recognized: reticulate (B. rapa, B. juncea), reticulate-foveolate (B. nigra), randomly reticulate (B. oleracea, B. napus) and reticulate-rugose (B. carinata). The seed coats showed variation in the shape and size of the testa epidermal cells and the structure of the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls. The surface patterns in RCBr seeds were less exposed and were moderately reticulated compared to cultivated Brassica species. The micromorphological characteristics of the seed coats may provide valuable additional diagnostic criteria for delimitation of RCBr forms, and can be used in identification of seeds.

11

Pollen morphology of selected species of the Cephalotaxus Sieb. et Zucc., Taxus L. and Torreya Arn. Genera

86%

Bykowska J. , Klimko M.

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nr 2

12

Micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba L. (Moraceae) cultivars from Poland

72%

Klimko M.

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nr 2

EN

The article presents results of research on the micromorphology and anatomy of leaves of Morus alba cultivars. Mature leaves from generative shoots were collected in the Cytadela Park in Poznań and from trees planted along streets in different towns in the Wielkopolska region. A light microscope and a scanning electron microscope were used for observations. There were significant differences between the adaxial and abaxial epidermis. The idioblasts are found on the adaxial surface and stomata on the abaxial surface. Stomata can be classified into two types small and large. Several types of trichomes were recognized on the leaves: straight or hooked, unicellular, glandular capitate, spherical to elliptic stalked. Anatomical investigations revealed that leaves of M. alba cultivars were bifacial and the multi-layered mesophyll was diversified into palisade parenchyma and spongy palisade-like parenchyma. The research findings may be used for the identification of M. alba cultivars, while the epicuticular traits may be useful for the identification and classification of fragments of fossil leaves. The article includes descriptions and illustrations of several new quantitative and qualitative characters of the petiole and lamina, which have not been published previously and are described for the first time from Poland.

13

Characteristics of blooming, floral nectaries and nectar of Malus sargentii Rehd.

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E. , Dmitruk M.

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nr 1

EN

In the years 2007-2008, the flowering biology of Malus sargentii, an ornamental apple tree native to Japan, was studied in the conditions of Lublin (Poland). The daily rate of flower opening, flowering duration and flower visitation by insects were determined. The amount of nectar produced per flower and sugar content in the nectar were investigated. The size of nectaries and the micromorphology of their surface were examined using light and scanning electron microscopy. It was found that the greatest amount of flowers opened between 11.00 and 13.00. During this time, the largest number of insects was observed in the flowers. Bees (90%) were predominant among the insects, with a much smaller number of bumblebees (6%) and butterflies (4%). The flower life span was 5 days. Over this period, the flower produced, on the average, 0.71 mg of nectar with an average sugar content of 32%. The nectaries of Malus sargentii are orange-yellow coloured and they represent the hypanthial type. Due to the protrusion of the nectariferous tissue, they are classified as automorphic nectaries. The surface of the epidermal cells of the nectary was distinguished by distinct cuticle folds. A small number of stomata were located only in the basal part of the nectary. At the beginning of flowering, all stomata were closed, but secretion traces were observed near well-developed outer cuticular ledges.

PL

W warunkach Lublina (Poland) w latach 2007- 2008 badano biologię kwitnienia Malus sargentii, jabłoni ozdobnej pochodzącej z Japonii. Określono dobową dynamikę rozkwitania kwiatów, długość kwitnienia oraz oblot kwiatów przez owady. Zbadano ilość nektaru wytwarzanego przez kwiat oraz zawartość cukrów w nektarze. W mikroskopie świetlnym i skaningowym elektronowym analizowano wielkość nektarników oraz mikromorfologię ich powierzchni. Stwierdzono, że najwięcej kwiatów rozwija się w godzinach 11.00 – 13.00. W tym samym czasie obserwowano największą liczbę owadów w kwiatach. Wśród owadów dominowały pszczoły (90%), przy znacznie mniejszej liczbie trzmieli (6%) i motyli (4%). Długość życia kwiatu wynosiła 5 dni. W tym czasie kwiat wytwarzał średnio 0,71 mg nektaru o średniej zawartości cukrów wynoszącej 32%. Nektarniki Malus sargentii mają barwę pomarańczowożółtą i reprezentują typ hypancjalny. Ze względu na uwypuklenie tkanki nektaronośnej zaliczono je do nektarników automorficznych. Powierzchnia komórek epidermy nektarnika odznaczała się wyraźnymi pofałdowaniami kutykuli. Nieliczne aparaty szparkowe zlokalizowane były tylko w bazalnej części nektarnika. Na początku kwitnienia wszystkie aparaty szparkowe były zamknięte, ale przy dobrze rozwiniętych zewnętrznych listwach kutykularnych obserwowano ślady wydzieliny.

14

Mikromorfologia powierzchni ziaren eolicznego pyłu kwarcowego z pokryw stokowych Ślęży (Przedgórze Sudeckie)

72%

Woronko B. , Żurawek R.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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tom Vol. 52, nr 4

321-324

EN

Three samples of aeolian silty deposits from slopes of Mt. OElęża (Sudetic Foreland, SW Poland) have been observed in scanning electron microscope in order to define their characteristic micromorphologic features. Four categories of quartz grains have been distinguished, i.e.: fresh, coated, etched, and broken. The majority (up to 70 %) of particles was fresh, with well visible conchoidal or linear fractures, possibly with initial coating, the percentage of coated and etched particles varied depending on sample investigated and there were very few broken particles (less than 8 %). This characteristic shows that the silty deposits have been little affected by epigenetic processes . Fluvial sediments, fluvioglacial deposits or older aeolian covers have been assumed as possible source of the loessic silt.

15

Evidence for the dual role of floral secretory cells in Bulbophyllum

72%

Stpiczynska M. , Davies K. L.

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nr 2

EN

Floral epidermal cells of most species of Bulbophyllum Thouars studied to date produce both lipid-rich foodrewards and fragrance. Since fragrances largely consist of terpenoids and have an affinity for lipophilic stains, the simultaneous presence of lipid-rich food-rewards frustrates identification of fragrance-secreting cells by conventional histochemistry. Furthermore, since both lipid-rich food-rewards and fragrances are probably synthesized by a similar complement of organelles, interpretation of TEM images can prove difficult. All members of section Racemosae Benth. & Hook. f. investigated to date, however, are unusual in their secretion of a predominantly proteinaceous food-reward, and lipids are seemingly absent. This might enable their use as models for the identification and characterization of fragrance-secreting tissues and organelles. Three members of sect. Racemosae were chosen, namely Bulbophyllum dissitiflorum Seidenf., B. lilacinum Ridl. and B. tricorne Seidenf. & Smitinand. All produced food-rewards. Of these, one (B. dissitiflorum) lacked fragrance and was used as a control, whereas the remaining two species produced fragrance. Having established that the food-reward was mainly proteinaceous in each case, and did not test positively for lipid, we undertook further histochemical investigations, as well as light microscopy, SEM and TEM. Specialized palisade-like epidermal cells of all species contained protein bodies and rough endoplasmic reticulum consistent with the production and secretion of a protein-rich food-reward. Cuticular pores were also present. In fragrant species, these cells also contained abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum, oil droplets and many, well-developed, spherical plastids with numerous plastoglobuli, similar to those found in the osmophores (fragrance-producing structures) of other orchids. Indeterminate, osmiophilic cytoplasmic inclusions were also present. By contrast, the non-fragrant species lacked oil droplets and other osmiophilic inclusions and the plastids were scant, poorly developed, often elongate or irregular in shape and contained few plastoglobuli. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum was also less frequent. Since food-rewards tested negatively for lipid, it is probable that any oil droplets present were involved in fragrance production, especially since they were absent from the non-fragrant species. Thus, the unusual absence of lipids from the food-rewards of sect. Racemosae provided a rare opportunity, permitting, for the first time, the unraveling of these two secretory processes (food-reward and fragrance) in Bulbophyllum and clearly demonstrating the plasticity of these cells and their dual role in secretion.

16

The structure of septal nectaries and nectar presentation in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch.

72%

Zuraw B. , Weryszko-Chmielewska E. , Laskowska H. , Pogroszewska E.

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nr 2

EN

The location and structure of the septal nectaries in the flowers of Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch. were studied. Light and scanning electron microscopy were used for examination. It has been shown that the septal nectaries are located in the lower part of the ovary and in the gynophore on which the ovary is borne. Nectar is secreted through the single-layered epidermis surrounding three nectary slits and nectar release occurs through three openings located at the base of the gynophore, which are the outlets of the ducts connected to the nectary slits. The expanded and fused bases of the stamen filaments and the tepals participate in secondary nectar presentation. In the flowers of Allium aflatunense, numerous purple elements: tepals, filaments, style and pedicle, perform the role of a colour attractant. On the intensely green ovary, there occur glistening conical outgrowths of epidermal cells, which may also function as signal attractants.

PL

Badano położenie i budowę nektarników septalnych w kwiatach Allium aflatunense B. Fedtsch. Do badań wykorzystano mikroskop świetlny i skaningowy elektronowy. Wykazano, że nektarniki septalne położone są w dolnej części zalążni oraz w gynoforze, na którym osadzona jest zalążnia. Sekrecja nektaru odbywa się za pośrednictwem jednowarstwowej epidermy otaczającej trzy szczeliny nektarnika, a emisja nektaru następuje za pośrednictwem trzech otworów położonych u nasady gynoforu, które stanowią ujścia kanalików połączonych ze szczelinami nektarnika. We wtórnej prezentacji nektaru uczestniczą rozszerzone i zrośnięte nasady nitek pręcikowych oraz listki okwiatu. W kwiatach Allium aflatunense rolę barwnej powabni pełnią liczne purpurowe elementy: listki okwiatu, nitki pręcików, szyjka słupka i szypułka. Na intensywnie zielonej zalążni występują połyskujące stożkowate wyrostki komórek epidermy, które mogą również funkcjonować jako atraktanty sygnalizacyjne.

17

Micromorphology of glandular structures in Echium vulgare L. flowers

72%

Weryszko-Chmielewska E. , Chwil M.

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nr 2

EN

The micromorphology of selected elements of Echium vulgare L. fl owers was investigated, with special attention to the structure of the nectaries and the stigma of the pistil as well as types of trichomes occurring on the surface of the calyx. The nectary had the shape of an uneven disc located around the lower region of the four-parted ovary of the pistil. The glandular cells formed a tier with a height of 330 μm and a radial width of 144 μm. Nectar was secreted onto the nectary surface through anomocytic stomata located at the level of other epidermal cells. Most of the stomata were open, with a different dimension of the pore. Their largest number was observed at the base of the nectary, and 462 stomata were noted on the whole surface of the nectary. The cuticle on the surface of the guard cells formed fi ne, circular striae. The subsidiary cells formed striated cuticular ornamentation, with the striae arranged radially in the direction of the stoma, whereas on the surface of other epidermal cells the striae formed an arrangement with different directions. The epidermis on the surface of the stigma formed regularly arranged papillae with a fan-shaped, expanded upper part which had corrugated outer walls, whereas the base of the cell formed a widened small column. The epidermis of the abaxial part of the calyx was covered by numerous non-glandular trichomes of different length which were made up of one or several cells. The glandular trichomes in the epidermis of the calyx grew with smaller density compared to the protective trichomes, and they were composed of a 1-2-celled stalk and a glandular head.

PL

Badano mikromorfologię wybranych elementów kwiatów Echium vulgare L. ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem struktury nektarników i znamienia słupka oraz typów włosków występujących na powierzchni kielicha. Nektarnik miał kształt nierównego dysku położonego wokół dolnej części czterodzielnej zalążni słupka. Komórki gruczołowe tworzyły pokład o wysokości 330 μm i szerokości promieniowej równej 144 μm. Nektar wydostawał się na powierzchnię nektarnika przez anomocytyczne aparaty szparkowe, położone na poziomie innych komórek epidermy. Aparaty szparkowe w większości były otwarte ze zróżnicowaną rozwartością poru. Największą ich liczbę obserwowano przy podstawie nektarnika, zaś na całej powierzchni nektarnika odnotowano 460 szparek. Kutykula na powierzchni komórek szparkowych tworzyła delikatne, koliste prążki. Komórki przyszparkowe wykształcały prążkowaną ornamentację kutykularną z prążkami ułożonymi promieniście w kierunku szparki, zaś na powierzchni innych komórek epidermy prążki tworzyły różnokierunkowy układ. Epiderma na powierzchni znamienia wykształcała regularnie ułożone papille z wachlarzowato rozszerzoną górną częścią o karbowanych ścianach zewnętrznych, zaś nasada komórki tworzyła maczugowatą kolumienkę. Epiderma odosiowej części kielicha była pokryta licznymi włoskami mechanicznymi o zróżnicowanej długości, które zbudowane były z jednej lub kilku komórek. Włoski gruczołowe w epidermie kielicha wyrastały w mniejszym zagęszczeniu w porównaniu z trichomami ochronnymi i były utworzone z 1-2 komórkowego trzonka i wydzielniczej główki.

18

Morphological, histological and ultrastructural changes in fruit epidermis of apple Malus domestica cv. Ligol (Rosaceae) at fruit set, maturity and storage

72%

Konarska A.

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nr 2

19

Anatomy and ultrastructure of floral nectary of Inula helenium L. [Asteraceae]

72%

Sulborska A. , Weryszko-Chmielewska E.

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tom 76

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nr 3

EN

Floral nectaries of Inula helenium L. only occurred in disc florets and were situated above the inferior ovary. The shape of the investigated glands (five-armed star with rounded tips and deep incisions - observed from above) clearly differed from the shape of the nectaries of other Asteraceae, also the height of nectary was much lower (129 µm). The glandular tissue of the nectaries of elecampane was composed of a single-layered epidermis and 5--9 layers of secretory cells. Nectar was released through modified stomata, mainly arranged in the top part of the gland. The secretory cells were characterised by granular cytoplasm and the presence of a large, often lobate, cell nucleus. In the cytosol, numerous amoeboid plastids, mitochondria, Golgi bodies and ribosomes were present. In small vacuoles, myelin-like structures, fibrous material and vesicles with the content of substances which can be secretion, were observed. The plastid stroma showed different electron density and the presence of internal tubules and plastoglobules. Vesicular extensions forming bright zones were visible between the membranes of the nuclear envelope. Adjacent to the plasmalemma, as well as between the plasmalemma and the cell wall, secretory vesicles occurred, indicating the granulocrine mechanism of nectar secretion.

20

Micromorphology of leaves epidermis and flavonols content in tomato susceptible and resistant to Oidium lycopersicum

72%

Dyki B. , Horbowicz M.

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2002

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tom 26