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EN
The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the water-soluble protein pattern of Ricinus communis leaves was analyzed. Several dynamic changes occurred after a period of 24 and 48h including six proteins (Mr 13,000, 15,000, 16,000, 27,000, 29,000 and 60,000) whose levels increased by 48h and seven others (Mr 11,000, 18,000, 20,000 30,000, 37,000, 40,000 and 58,000) whose levels decreased. Four proteins (Mr 24,000, 34,000, 64,000 and 66,000) were induced after 24h of treatment, but returned to control levels by 48h. On the other hand, the levels of three proteins (Mr 74,000, 84,000 and 88,000) decreased after 24h, but returned to control levels after 48h. One of the proteins that accumulated after 48 h had the 13 first residues sequenced. This polypeptide named MJRC-15, was identical to the C-terminal sequence of Rubisco-large chain polypeptide (position 337–350) from tobacco chloroplast. Western-blot analysis using polyclonal antibodies against Rubisco supports the hypothesis that MJRC-15 is a degradation product of Rubisco.
EN
The influence of methyl jasmonate on anthocyanin accumulation in roots of Kalanchoe blossfediana plants was studied. Methyl jasmonate (JA-Me), at a concentration of 5.0 to 40.0 mg.l-1, substantially increased anthocyanin accumulation in roots of intact plants, when it was applied as a solution under natural light conditions. The production of anthocyanin depended on the concentration of methyl jasmonate and the age of the plant. The stimulatory effect was higher in older plants of K. blossfeldiana than in younger ones. When leaves were removed methyl jasmonate slightly stimulated anthocyanin accumulation compared with intact plants. The obtained results indicate that leaves are necessary for the anthocyanin accumulation in the roots. In isolated roots methyl jasmonate did not affect the accumulation of anthocyanins in light conditions. Seven anthocyanins were documented in the roots of control plants and 8 anthocyanins in the roots of JA-Me treated ones. JA-Me increased the level of anthocyanins in roots of old K. blossfeldiana plants 6.8, 6.0 and 3.6-folds, after 4, 8 and 14-days of treatment, respectively.
EN
In this study, the effect of six commercial biocontrol strains, Bacillus pumilus INR7, B. megaterium P2, B. subtilis GB03, B. subtilis S, B. subtilis AS and B. subtilis BS and four indigenous strains Achromobacter sp. B124, Pseudomonas geniculate B19, Serratia marcescens B29 and B. simplex B21 and two plant defense inducers, methyl salicylate (Me-SA) and methyl jasmonate (Me-JA) were assessed on suppression of wheat take-all disease. Treatments were applied either as soil drench or sprayed on shoots. In the soil drench method, the highest disease suppression was achieved in treatment with strains INR7, GB03, B19 and AS along with two chemical inducers. Bacillus subtilis S, as the worst treatment, suppressed take-all severity up to 56%. Both chemical inducers and bacterial strains AS and P2 exhibited the highest effect on suppression of take-all disease in the shoot spray method. Bacillus subtilis S suppressed the disease severity up to 49% and was again the worst strain. The efficacy of strains GB03 and B19 decreased significantly in the shoot spray method compared to the soil drench application method. Our results showed that most treatments had the same effect on take-all disease when they were applied as soil drench or sprayed on aerial parts. This means that induction of plant defense was the main mechanism in suppressing take-all disease by the given rhizobacteria. It also revealed that plant growth was reduced when it was treated with chemical inducers. In contrast, rhizobacteria not only suppressed the disease, but also increased plant growth.
EN
The objective of the study was to assess the influence of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on accumulation of 2-phenylethylamine (PEA), phenylacetic acid (PAA) and 2-phenylethanol (PE) in leaves and roots of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays, saccharata group, cv. Złota Karłowa) seedlings. Furthermore, we analyzed the expression patterns of eight genes (ADH1, ADH2, AO2, CAO, PDC1, PDC2, PTA and LOX, encoding alcohol dehydrogenase 1 and 2, primary amine oxidase, aldehyde oxidase 2, phenylalanine decarboxylase 1 and 2, phenylalanine (histidine) transaminase and lipoxygenase, respectively) involved in biosynthesis and turnover of PEA in maize tissues. In addition, the effect of MJ application on fresh biomass and growth of the tested seedlings was recorded. Oneday MJ exposure increased the fresh weight of aerial parts and roots of Z. mays seedlings, whereas the opposite tendency occurred after 4-day of MJ treatment. One-day application of MJ resulted in an increase in the length of roots and its fluctuations in the aerial parts of maize plants, but extended exposure declined the growth of both parts of the seedlings. Methyl jasmonate elicitation caused various changes in the contents of PEA, PAA and PE in the maize seedlings. MJ treatments led to high upregulation of most genes, with the exception of three genes (i.e., ADH1, ADH2 and AO2) whose expression was downregulated after a 4-day exposure.
EN
This manuscript reports that for tulip bulbs ( Tulipa gesneriana L. 'Apeldoorn'), simultaneous application of methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) with gibberellic acid (GA) increases gum formation in the bulbs, compared to JA-Me applied alone. After the dry scales of the bulbs were removed, the bulbs were treated with JA-Me and GA starting from the beginning of July 20 until November 30. Treated bulbs were stored in a laboratory room in natural light conditions. Gums produced by each treatment were weighted one month after treatment. JA-Me, at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0% in lanolin, was applied alone, and also applied simultaneously with GA at concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 1.0% in lanolin. All the concentrations of GA applied simultaneously with JA-Me, substantially stimulated gum production in tulip bulbs. The production of gums decreased gradually from the beginning of October. The possible mode of action of GA to stimulate gum production in tulip bulbs is also discussed. The focus is on sugar metabolism and ethylene production.
PL
Infekcja cebul tulipanów przez Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. tulipae powoduje wy­twarzanie dość dużej ilości etylenu, który indukuje tworzenie się gum w cebulach. Jasmonian metylu (JA-Me) podany w paście lanolinowej na cebule tulipanów rów­nie ż indukuje wytwarzanie się gum w cebulach. Etefon, jako źródło etylenu, podany łącznie z jasmonianem metylu silnie stymuluje produkcję gum w cebulach w porów­naniu z traktowaniem samym etefonem lub jasmonianem metylu. Obecne badania wykazały, że łączne traktowanie cebul tulipana jasmonianem metylu z kwasem giberelinowym (GA) zwiększa ilość tworzących się gum w porów­naniu z traktowaniem samym jasmonianem metylu. Cebule tulipanów ' Apeldoorn' po usunięciu suchej łuski były traktowane JA-Me łącznie z GA w okresie od początku lipca do listopada włącznie. Cebule były przetrzymywane w laboratorium w natural­nych warunkach świetlnych (15 cebul w kombinacji). Gumy wytwarzane w poszcze­gólnych kombinacjach byty ważone po 1 miesiącu od traktowania. Jasmonian metylu w stężeniach 0,1, 0,5 i 1,0% był zastosowany pojedynczo i łącznie z GA w stężeniach 0,1 0,5 i 1,0%. JA-Me tylko w stężeniach 0,5 i 1,0% indukował tworzenie się gum w cebulach tulipana. Wszystkie stężenia GA zastosowane łącznie z JA-Me w stęże­niach 0,5 i 1,0% stymulował indukcję gum w porównaniu z traktowaniem samym JA-Me. W czasie od lipca do listopada ilość wytwarzanych gum stopniowo się zmniejszała. GA podany łącznie z etefonem nie zwiększał produkcji gum w cebulach tulipana w porównaniu z traktowaniem samym etefonem. Mechanizm stymulującego działania kwasu giberelinowego na wytwarzanie gum indukowanych przez jasmonian metylu jest w pracy dyskutowany.
EN
Exogenously applied jasmonic acid methyl ester (JA-Me) inhibited biosynthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins in hypocotyls of seedlings of etiolated common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) exposed to light. The phenomenon was observed in experiments with various methods of JA-Me treatment, in whole seedlings and in excised hypocotyls. Even very low quantities of JA-Me taken by seeds during imbibition were enough to inhibit anthocyanin synthesis in buckwheat hypocotyls. This means that there are no significant barriers to the transport and action of JA-Me in buckwheat seedlings, as solute and in gaseous form. Although JA-Me inhibited accumulation of anthocyanins in buckwheat hypocotyls. it had no effect on phenylalanine and tyrosine ammonia-lyase activity. Such JA-Me action suggests that it can act not in the first but in later steps of anthocyanin biosynthesis. JA-Me had no effect on the level of anthocyanins in cotyledons or on hypocotyl growth, but clearly inhibited the growth of main roots of buckwheat seedlings.
EN
Treating apple trees and strawberry plants with methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) was investigated to see how the treatment affects the population size of the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch.). Both apple and strawberry were represented by two cultivars: Jester, Close and Aga, Kent, respectively. Each plant was infested with mites one day after being treated with a methyl jasmonate (JA-Me) solution. The negative influence of the JA-Me plant treatment on the growth of the subsequently colonized population of the two-spotted spider mite was observed both for strawberry plants and apple trees. A significant interaction (plant treatment x cultivar), however, was observed in the experiment conducted on apple trees. The population of mites feeding on the cv. Jester was not influenced by the JA-Me treatment. This lack of influence by JA-Me treatment was in contrast to what was found with the cultivar Close.
PL
W dwóch doświadczeniach, przeprowadzonych na jabłoni, odmiany Close i Jester i truskawce odmiany Aga oraz Kent, badano wpływ egzogennego estru metylowego kwasu jasmonowego (JA-Me) na wielkość populacji przędziorka chmielowca (Tetranychus urticae Koch.), zasiedlającej rośliny. Doświadczenie prowadzono w insektarium (jabłoń) i w szklarni (truskawka). Na roślinach obydwu badanych odmian truskawki, stwierdzono ujemny wpływ JA-Me na rozwój populacji przędziorka chmielowca. W doświadczeniu przeprowadzonym na jabłoni, ujemny wpływ JA-Me na rozwój populacji przędziorka stwierdzono tylko na drzewach odmiany Close.
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