Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A validated new RP-HPLC method for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations

100%

Gebretsadik H. , Kahsay G. , Eticha T. , Gebretsadikan T.

|

tom Vol. 35, no. 2

193--203

EN

As per the World Health Organization, 10% of medicines in low- and middle-income nations are of poor quality and pose a huge public health risk. The development and implementation of cost-effective, efficient and quick analytical methods to control the quality of these medicines is one of the immediate strategies to avoid such a situation. Hence, the main goal of this study was to develop and validate a simple, specific and precise new RP–HPLC method for simultaneous analysis of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations. The chromatographic analysis was achieved using Shodex C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) column with UV detection at 225 nm. The mobile phase was a gradient mixture of 30 mM phosphate buffer, pH 4.0 (mobile phase A) and acetonitrile (mobile phase B). Efficient separation of the three drugs was obtained using the final optimized chromatographic conditions. The developed method was validated for its specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy and robustness as per the ICH guidelines. The validation results showed that the method was specific, linear, precise, accurate and robust for the simultaneous determination of the three drugs. The developed method was applied to determine the content of the three drugs in pharmaceutical formulations. The assay results of the preparations showed that their drug content was within the pharmacopeial limit stipulated for each drug product. It can be concluded that the proposed method is suitable for simultaneous determination of amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in pharmaceutical formulations in industries and regulatory laboratories.

2

Development and validation of an HPLC-UV-MS-MS method for identification and quantification of polyphenols in Artemisia pallens L.

100%

Niranjan A. , Barthwal J. , Lehri A. , Singh D. P. , Govindrajan R. , Rawat A. K. S. , Amla D. V.

|

tom Vol. 21, no. 1

105-116

EN

Artemisia pallens L. (Compositae) is used in Indian traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus, jaundice, hysteria, body pain, and bacterial and fungal infections. A major cause of a variety of diseases is oxidative stress which is reduced by antioxidants such as polyphenols. These secondary metabolites are generally ubiquitous in plants and extensively used in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. In this study a simple and sensitive HPLC-UV-MS-MS-based method was developed for separation, identification, and quantification of polyphenols, for example gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic, and ferulic acids, rutin, quercetin, and kaempferol. Amounts of polyphenols detected in 50% methanol-water extracts of the plant varied from 0.005% (kaempferol) to 0.24% (protocatechuic acid). Separation of the polyphenols was achieved on a reversed-phase C 18 with a mobile phase prepared from 1% aqueous with acetic acid and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.6 mL min -1 . The phenolic compounds were detected by UV absorption at 254 nm. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD, LOQ, specificity, selectivity, and compound stability. Results from intra and inter-day validation (n = 6) showed the method was efficient and rapid. The optimized method was applied to extracts of A. pallens for identification and quantification of the polyphenols. The reference standards and their presence in A. pallens were confirmed by mass spectrometry.

3

Development of a method for extracting macrophages from zebrafish, Danio rerio and their use to assess stress

86%

Mustafa A. , Dhawale S. , Dhawale S.

|

nr 1

EN

Background. To assess stress levels in fishes, plasma cortisol levels are measured by radioimmuno assay and phagocytic activity is assessed using macrophages. However, the small size of some fishes makes it difficult to measure stress using these physiological and immunological indicators. In this study, we investigated the possibility of obtaining macrophages from zebrafish via whole body extractions by assessing the respiratory burst activity and phagocytic capacity of extracted cells and we studied the effects of temperature stress on zebrafish using the extracted macrophages. Materials and Methods. One hundred and fifty genetically pure zebrafish, Danio rerio (Hamilton, 1822), were randomly divided into three groups and placed in three different environments: optimal (28°C), warm (32°C), and cool (23°C). Using the newly developed extraction method described in this article macrophages were extracted from whole fish bodies and the phagocytic activity of these cells were assessed. Results. The method yielded enough macrophages to examine their respiratory burst activity and phagocytic capacity. Values obtained for experimental replicates were similar and the assessment measures were sensitive enough to detect differences in these parameters among fish maintained at three different temperatures for 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. These results suggest that macrophages can be successfully extracted using the whole body method and the extracted macrophages are useful for studying stress. Conclusion. The method of macrophage extraction described in this article is simple and rapid, and will enable researchers to study the effects of any stressors, environmental or pathogenic, on the non-specific immune response of fish.