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Ecological evaluation and modeling of metallic contamination levels in soils from the reclaimed section of River Otamiri wetland, Southeastern Nigeria

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Ibe F. C. , Ikezu U. J. M. , Adindu B. C. , Ahmad A. S. , Chukwu F. O.

World News of Natural Sciences

2025

tom 58

301-317

The study carried out ecological evaluation and modeling of metallic contamination levels in soils from the reclaimed section of River Otamiri wetland in Southeastern Nigeria. The study was aimed at ecological evaluation and modeling of contaminant levels of the reclaimed wetland soils. This was in order to determine the extent of metallic contamination of the wetland. The metallic contamination level was established with the help of Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (EDXFS). Pollution models were used to carry out ecological evaluation of the metallic contamination levels. The result revealed that the mean values of the metals were in the order; 0.29 < 0.59 < 0.88 < 16.74 < 50.44 < 129.48 < 259.34 < 341.22 < 518.70 < 563.14 < 39888.63 mg/kg for Cd 1 for all the samples, which is a serious ecological concern for the reclaimed wetland as it implies that the area is polluted. Geo-accumulation index analysis ranged from no accumulation to moderate accumulation. Result of ecological risk index analysis point to the fact that the risk posed by the metals ranged from low to high risk. The radar plot, principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical component analysis (HCA) suggested that related sources were responsible for the metallic contamination of the wetland. Hence, there is need to discontinue further reclamation of the area for human habitation due to elevated metallic contamination of the area.

Pollution sources and metallic elements mobility recorded by heavy minerals in soils affected by Cu-smelting (Legnica, SW Poland)

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Tyszka R. , Pietranik A. , Marciniak-Maliszewska B. , Kierczak J.

Mineralogia

2024

tom Vol. 55, iss. 1

1--14

Heavy mineral particles are widely used in Earth science studies to show sediment provenance and weathering conditions. Such particles are particularly useful in polluted soils surrounding mining and smelting facilities because heavy minerals are common by-products of these activities and may accumulate in the soils. As such, the particles are suitable indicators of metallic element carriers and their stability in the soil environment. In this study, we analyze heavy mineral particles in two soils surrounding the active copper smelter (Legnica, SW, Poland). We show that particles associated with different smelting activities dominate the heavy mineral fraction. We note the general absence of sulfides in the fraction indicating that these minerals might have been entirely dissolved, but timing of this dissolution is uncertain (before or after deposition within soils). Currently, the carriers of potentially toxic elements are mainly secondary Fe oxides. Studies aiming at better estimation of the proportion of metallic elements contained in heavy mineral particles are needed to fully use the potential of these phases in polluted soil studies. We estimate that Pb contained in Pb-rich silicate glass constitutes.

Utilization of Contact Tests for Evaluation of Agricultural Soils

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Sestinova O. , Findorakova L. , Hančuľák J.

Inżynieria Mineralna

2024

tom Vol. 1, no. 1

473--481

A soil has been of great concern throughout the world due to increasing environmental awareness and interest in the quality and management of such soils. Košice, the city in eastern Slovakia, is exposed to typical urban contamination sources such, furthermore, being the largest steel producer in Central Europe, it is long-term environmentally loaded by the iron and steel works that represent the largest source of (metallic elements) contamination in Slovakia. Five sampling sites located in the surrounding of U.S.Steel Košice (Slovakia), were selected, where almost all the agricultural soils were polluted by the metallic elements (Fe3+, Al3+, Mn2+, Cu2+, As3+). Agricultural soils toxicity was assessed with the toxicity bioassay -Phytotoxkit. Tests of limit concentrations of the elements (Fe3+, Al3+, Mn2+, Cu2+ and As3+) and Tests of soil concentration series (100- 50-25-12.5%) - screening tests mustard Sinapis alba and Lepidium sativum were performed. The testing of the concentration range was performed in order to determine the values of 14d/EC50 and the possibility of comparing the ecotoxicity of metallic elements in agricultural soils (ISO 11269-2 Soil quality). Four concentrations were prepared in test plates: 12.5 - 25 - 50 - 100% soil samples. Concentration of metals in the soil samples ranged from 24400 to 39000 mg/kg for iron; 54000 to 85000 mg/kg for aluminum; 381 to 1035 mg/kg for manganese; 27 to 59 mg/kg for copper; and 7 to 36 mg/kg for arsenic. Based on the median concentration, the metals in the soils were arranged in the following decreasing order: Al3+ > Fe3+ > Mn2+ > Cu2+ > As3+. In the agricultural soils (4USS-PW) showed high contamination values for the iron with a median 35300 mg/kg, aluminum with a median 82500 mg/kg, manganese with a median 1027 mg/kg. The median level of arsenic in the soil (4USSPW) was 34 mg/kg, this indicate higher concentration as the limit concentration is 25 mg/kg (Law No. 220/2004-2). Agricultural soils 1-3USS and 5USS showed less than 50% inhibition of the seed germination and root growth in the S.alba and L. sativum tests compared to the control, excepting of soil from 4USS plant west (values of the EC50 to 65%). Thus, the results of phytotoxicity tests were consistent with the chemical data. The rapid increase in urbanization, industrialization, human population, and traffic flow has resulted in the environment surrounding farmland ecosystems being critically contaminated by metallic elements.