Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Technology of Mental Situational Modelling in the System of Optimisation of Crime Investigation

100%

Volchetskaya T.

Internal Security

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2012

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tom 4(1)

99-110

EN

The article presents a description of modelling as a technological toolbox to optimise investigative activity in criminal investigations as well as a description of the technological process of creating a mental informational model of the event investigated. The author suggests a concrete technology of mental reconstruction of the event (criminal situation) by the investigator with the use of the mental situational modelling method. Criminal situations constituting a criminal event are reflected in material traces left at the crime scene as well as in idealised traces – mental images of these situations in the consciousness of participant in the criminal event. Such traces allow the investigator mentally to reconstruct criminal situations and then “recreate” the mechanism of the event investigated as a whole. Quite simply, logical computer schemes help the investigator to keep in mind a significant amount of information. The article scrutinises the technological structure of such schemes. It includes information about: the subject and object of a crime; motive and aims of the crimes perpetrated; means, ways and mechanism of committing the crime; space and time factors. Ways and methods for obtaining such information are presented. The investigator getting information as a result of investigative activities systematises it into corresponding blocks of the model. As new information about an actual crime becomes available the investigator should mark in corresponding blocks of the structural scheme the presence or lack of information about a certain element of the crime and logs a short description. The main theses are illustrated by an actual example from investigative practice.

2

Użyteczność różnych sposobów rozumienia informacji w psychologii

100%

Młodkowski J. , Instytut Psychologii U. Ł.

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EN

Discussions regarding the notion of information have died out several years ago. However an agreement hasn’t been reached on the exact meaning of such a term. Most often the notion of information is understood as: 1) knowledge about structure of an object, 2) third appearance of the substance, 3) perceptible difference between objects. These interpretations are not exclusive, but there is not one theory that combine them. In cognitive psychology notion of information is perceived as a paradigm. At the same time its meaning is often equated with the concept of mental process, or the content of such mental process. Mental activity and in particular intellectual activity generally is recognized and equated with processing of an information. Such interpretation ignores the fact that information cannot be processed directly because it doesn’t exist without a carrier. In fact these carriers undergo processing. The new information based on re-configuration of carrier’s structure could be re-developed. The carriers are mental representations of the carried content and they represent themselves as icons, symbols and concepts. Hence the mental activity is the processing (sometimes creating) representations.

3

System of Psychological Knowledge, Relevant to the Work and Training of Police Officers

100%

Pastushenia A.

Internal Security

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2012

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tom 4(2)

237-248

EN

The article presents a relatively integrated totality of psychological knowledge, covering the main areas of activity and functions of the police officers as well as their professional self-development and maintenance of the necessary personal and functional mental state. The Author studies the system of psychological knowledge relevant to the police activities. This knowledge system is determined by the content of professional police activities, its functions and tasks. Psychological knowledge necessary in the work the police officers is not limited to the knowledge useful for effective implementation of professional functions. Along with these there is relevant psychological knowledge and recommendations on ensuring the normal state of their own nervous and mental resources considering stressogenic activity and high nervous and mental stress as well as the knowledge necessary for professional and personal self-development, including auto-correction of psychological deformations caused by professional activity. This knowledge and recommendations represent an independent branch of scientific and psychological support of police activities. The author believes that in the detection of illegal acts, exposure and bringing perpetrators to account, for example, such sections of psychological knowledge appear relevant as: a psychological characteristic of offences, personal psychological prerequisites of unlawful behaviour and the nature of criminality in the psychological structure of the personality, the main parameters of the psychological assessment of criminal groups , the importance of various mental states and properties of human personality as the internal causes of behavior, psychological recommendations for communication with various categories of citizens to identify the perpetrators and expose crimes, psychological recommendations for effective conducting of search operations in detecting crimes and their investigation.The author describes the main types of psychological skills and professionally important personal qualities, the formation of which provides a high level of professional competence of the police officers.

4

Research on Moral Education Affinity from the Perspective of Psychology

88%

Jing Z. , Suting L.

Ethics in Progress

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2020

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tom 11

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nr 1

120-132

PL

Moral education affinity has a very important influence on the smooth development of moral education activities and the improvement of educational effectiveness. From the perspective of psychology, the needs and emotions of the educatees are its motivational mechanism, the will of the educatees is its maintenance mechanism, psychological compatibility is its guarantee mechanism, and the learning psychology of the educatees is the reinforcement mechanism. The generation of moral education affinity is the process of educators’ active interpersonal attraction, the application of positive psychological effect, the change of educatees’ attitude, and the psychological exchange and interaction between educators and educatees. The main way to cultivate moral education affinity is to fully pay attention to the needs or changes of the educatees, make efforts to stimulate and strengthen the learning motivation, maintain the main status and role of the educatees, and enhance the appeal and affinity of the educational process through the unity of knowledge and action.

5

Rozszerzenie podstaw rekonstrukcji mentalnych procesów translacyjnych o wyniki badań okulograficznych i ankietowych

63%

Bonek A.

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nr 24

23-35

EN

The Eye-Tracking Experimental Linguistics Laboratory conducted a study on translation process of German administrative acts into Polish. The aim of the study was to identify eye movements and associated mental processes during the perception of parts of speech in the German administrative acts (source text) during the translation process. Research method: The study was carried on a group of 15 participants. Eye-tracking analisys was performed using SMI RED 500 eyetracker and utilized the method of dynamic areas of interest (Dynamic AOI). Dyamic AOI-based method allowed the participants to freely move the windows on the monitor, use a PDF document, a text editor and a web browser at the same time. Results: Fixation duration (Fd) and Fixation Count (Fc) counts were significantly higher during perception of target text (Polish) than source text (German). There were no significant differences in FD between parts of the speech in source text, unlike the target text there were multiple differences were observed. In both source and final text there were multiple differences in Fc between different parts of the speech. There were no significant differences between perception of nouns and non-nouns in either text.Conclusions: Fixation count and fixation duration seem to be related with different mental processes during translation. Therefore, measuring eye movement with those parameters might be useful in further studies on translation process. Fixation count was more useful in investigating of mental processes than fixation duration.