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Ku reformie średniowiecznych mendykantów. Macieja Hayna (†1477) Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi

100%

Poznański A.

tom 18

Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi written by a Dominican Matthias Hayn in 1470 describes how the friars should make an effort to improve their behaviour towards others and deepen their spiritual life during Lent.The author, who received good education while attending Dominican Studia Generalia in Cologne, Vienna and Paris, was designated by the Master General of the Order of Preachers to effect an observant reform in the Dominican Convent in Wrocław. Presumably Hayn wrote ‘Exhortatio’ as a part of his reform activities. The first part of the text is introduction, where Hayn explained the aim of his work. At the beginning he quoted the words from the first reading for Ash Wednesday: “return to me with all your heart, with fasting, with weeping, and with mourning” (Joel 2:12) and then he recommended to the brothers that these three acts of penance are the best way of reconciliation with God. According to Hayn the best example to follow in this matter is Christ, therefore during Lent the friars should ponder the Passion and seek to imitate Christ in their everyday situations, especially in those concerning life in monastery. The second part of Exhoratio (the main one) is divided into forty three short chapters called “Morselli” and each of them consists of “Passio” and “Conformatio”. The first is a passage from the Passion parphrased by Hayn, the latter presents a commentary on the preceding “Passio” including advice for the friars.This article comprises a critical edition of Exhortatio ad meditationem et conformationem passionis Christi accompanied by a Polish translation. The edition is based on two exisiting copies of the text which are contained in two manuscripts from the Wrocław University Library collection.

Sources for the history of mendicant economy in Royal Prussia from the 15th till the beginning of the 16th century

61%

Kubicki R.

tom 3

55-65

The article presents the results of a preliminary research on the sources for the history of the mendicant economy as exemplified by monasteries from the state of the Order of Teutonic Knights in Prussia, with special emphasis on the territories which after 1466 were incorporated to Poland as the so-called Royal Prussia, and which were composed mainly of the lands of Pomeralia (Gdańsk Pomerania), taken control of by the Order after 1308. The lands of the Order in Prussia, and later the Royal and Teutonic Prussia, hosted convents of four mendicant orders: the Dominicans, the Franciscans and the Franciscan Observants, the Austin Hermits, and the Carmelites. The documentation concerning the monasteries in question has been preserved to a various degree. These sources are currently dispersed in several state (Gdańsk, Toruń) and Church (diocesan archives in Peplin and Olsztyn) archives, as well as the former archive of the Teutonic Order, which is currently kept at Dahlem (Berlin). Most of them have been taken over from the archives of abandoned monasteries in the 16th century (the Gdańsk and Toruń archives) and during the 19th century monastery dissolutions (the Peplin archive). The remaining part of the documentation are records produced and kept at municipal archives in towns where mendicant orders were present. All these sources offer an insight into the income structure of mendicant orders from these territories. What makes research difficult, however, is the lack of bookkeping records. Proper estimation of sources can be achieved only when they are studied in a complex way, including both the monastery sources and the municipal records. Only by making use of the entire content which the latter offer might we obtain a reliable picture of the economic situation and the social role played by mendicants in urban centres.