The article highlights innovative curricula while training future American medical specialists in the 21st century to develop the necessary professional competences and correspond to reality. „The Undergraduate Medical Education for the 21st Century” program led to numerous innovative curricula to evolve communication skills, leadership, and teamwork. The Pfeifer curriculum dealt with reducing training time and enhanced preparation for the „Step” exams. Warren Alpert Medical School at Brown University created and implemented the Schwartz Communication Sessions. In the context of the Introduction to Clinical Medicine (ICM) HST 200 course, medical students at Harvard University-MIT improved their professional communication skills.
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The author presents her own proposals for defining such notions as medical theory, medical doctrine and school of medicine. She discusses the extent to which it is possible to make use, in studies on medical theories, of the conception of ideals of science, research programmes and the relativistic conception of scientific fact developed by L. Fleck. She presents proposals for a model of medical doctrine, consisting of three levels: the constitutive, the nomothetic and the variational. She also adduces a proposal for research on the reception of the views of schools of medicine using the conception of the strategies of action of scientific communities. The article is a recapitulation of the author's research conducted in the years 1988-1997.
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