Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Bulgarian media policy and law: How much Europeanization

100%

Ognyanova N.

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nr 1(2)

27-41

EN

The present paper diff erentiates between two related but not identical processes: on the one hand, the approximation of Bulgarian media law with Community law, and on the other the real transformations in the media sector caused by the process of the EU integration of Bulgaria. The Com- munity law implementation is a prerequisite for the legislative reform in countries in accession but it is only one of the elements of EU conditionality. The critical analysis of the effectiveness of EU condi- tionality in respect of Bulgarian media policy and law has been carried out.

2

Pirate television stations in the years 1990-1994

100%

Kurowski R.

Social Communication. Online Journal

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2015

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nr 2(12)

36-44

EN

The history of pirate, illegal television stations in Poland is presented here against the broader background of systemic transformations (both political and legal). According to the author of the article, it was an inevitable phenomenon, closely linked to the creation of the foundations of a democratic, lawful state with free-market economy. They were a factor which enforced acceleration of political change, legislative works and affected the change of the programming offer. Although pirate television stations were a short-lived phenomenon, they had huge impact on the later development of electronic media in Poland.

3

Podstawy prawne zatrudniania dziennikarzy – główne pojęcia

100%

Ziółkowska K.

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nr 9

219-226

EN

The main objective of this paper is to present the different forms of the employment of journalists based on the current legislation. The article describes the legal status and rights provided under a contract of employment according to the Labour Code (employment for a probationary period, undetermined period of time, determined period of time or to substitute). There are also other legal bases of journalist employment currently in Poland. These are civil-legal contracts such as a mandate contract or a contract for specific work which are regulated by the Civil Code. Employers are increasingly often concluding contracts with journalists for specific tasks, which are known as “rubbish contracts” because they do not guarantee many employee rights. The author presents, among others, the statutory definition of an employment relationship and the basic differences between the above-mentioned types of contracts.

4

Wolność mediów a odpowiedzialność za słowo w debacie publicznej

86%

Miżejewski M.

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nr 1

EN

In the article the author analyzes the implementation of the media right to criticize the government. This regulation faces in practice considerable difficulties. Regardless of the widely accepted and constitutionally guaranteed freedom of speech, there are many barriers for the journalistic freedom of expression. It is all about the legal and ethical barriers. The concept of material freedom of the media was not in fact implemented by the legislation of the European states.In the author’s opinion, the threat of criminal liability for the abuse of freedom of expression, does not limit the right of citizens to criticize the government, but it makes the right to criticize much more effective if is accompanied by a responsibility for word.

5

Prawa pokrewne wydawców czasopism naukowych

72%

Kakareko K.

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nr 18

PL

Obecnie wydawca prasowy znajduje się w niekomfortowej sytuacji, gdyż zapewnia finansowanie i organizację tworzenia prasy, a jednocześnie nie ma możliwości, aby chronić powstałe treści. Taka sytuacja jest wynikiem ustawodawstwa, które jest dostosowane do obecnych modeli biznesowych, wykorzystujących treści prasowe, stworzone przez inne podmioty. W artykule przestawiono analizę zapisów różnych aktów normatywnych, które kształtują sytuację prawną wydawców. Wskazane zostały najważniejsze kolizje regulacji prawnych i rzeczywistości. Poddano analizie projekt nowelizacji prawa autorskiego na poziomie Unii Europejskiej i rozważono możliwość zastosowania lub implementacji takich zapisów w polskiej rzeczywistości.

EN

At present, the press publisher is in such an uncomfortable situation when it provides funding and the organization of the press, and at the same time isn’t able to protect the resulting content. This is the result of legislation that is aligned with current business models using press content created by others. The article presents an analysis of various normative acts that shape the legal situation of publishers. The text highlights the most important collisions of legal regulations and reality. The article discusses a draft regulation amending the copyright law at European Union level, proposing the introduction of rights related to the publisher. In addition, consideration was given to the possibility of applying or implementing the proposed EU regulation in Polish reality.

6

The influence of the Council of Europe and other European institutions on the media law system in postSoviet states

72%

Richter A.

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nr 1(2)

15-26

EN

In the post-Soviet states of today globalization is taking place predominantly to the West’s values for human rights and fundamental freedoms. This process is being driven by such interna- tional organizations as the European Union, Council of Europe and OSCE, which operate here prima- rily as human-rights protectors. Th organizations have exerted significant pressure on the authori- ties in the countries in this study, especially Azerbaijan, Armenia, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia, Lithuania, Moldova and Ukraine. The media reforms that international bodies are influencing in these countries are generally leading towards a more robust model for independent journalism. The concept of free- dom of mass information is reviving, state broadcasters are being turned into public-service, and other changes are taking place.

7

Historia i współczesność kazachskiego radia i telewizji

58%

Gierula M. , Gierula J.

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2017

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tom 11

99-116

PL

Początki radia i telewizji kazachskiej są związane z rozwojem tych mediów początkowo w Imperium Rosyjskim, a następnie Związku Radzieckim. Artykuł przedstawia historyczne etapy rozwoju radia i telewizji w Kazachstanie. Autorzy wskazują na uwarunkowania techniczne i społeczno-polityczne rozwoju mediów elektronicznych na obszarze obecnego Kazachstanu. W materiale dokonana jest analiza struktury typologicznej zarówno radia, jak i telewizji współczesnego Kazachstanu. Analizuje także stan ustawodawstwa medialnego dotyczącego radia i telewizji. Przedstawione zostały także charakterystyki głównych stacji radiowych i kanałów telewizyjnych Kazachstanu i ich społecznego znaczenia.

EN

The beginnings of radio broadcasting and TV in Kazakhstan result of the development of media in the Russian Empire and after in the Soviet Union. This article describes the historical stages of the development of Kazakhstan radio broadcasting and television. The authors focus especially on technical, social and political conditions of the progress of media. They analyse the typology of radio broadcasting and TV of contemporary Kazakhstan. Then they consider the broadcasting law. After all, they characterize main radio and TV outlets, in particular, their social significance.