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EN
The saddle seabream, Oblada melanura, is an important species in Mediterranean coastal fisheries. The artisanal gillnet fishery on Tunisia’s northern coast was sampled on a monthly basis between April 2015 and March 2016. The sex ratio varied by month throughout the year, with females dominating from November to December and equal sex ratios during the rest of the year. For both sexes, gonad maturity and gonadosomatic index (IG) indicated that spawning occurs from May to September. In terms of energy investment, fish feed throughout the year. During the spawning period (May to September), gonadal production (IG) appears to be supported by liver reserves (IH). These reserves came from external sources (i.e. food) in the period before spawning. During the spawning period, it was necessary for the fish to continue feeding in order to support their body development. Estimated lengths at 50% maturity were similar for females (L50 = 17.14 cm) and males (L50 = 17.01 cm).
EN
Purpose: The fundamental objective of this article is to discern whether business model maturity is perceived through the prism of the ability to deal with unexpected challenges, overcome unprecedented threats, and use emerging business opportunities (agility) or – perhaps – more as a feature of the organization, which makes a business model less vulnerable to unpredictable external changes or sets it in a better position to make it respond effectively to these changes (flexibility). Methodology: The reconnaissance of opinions requires the creation of a catalog of desiderata that significantly identify agility and flexibility. Theoretical and design layers will use a method of reconstruction and interpretation of the subject literature supported by a discussion within a group of deliberately selected experts. This will be reflected in a set of parameters, on the one hand, characteristic of the categories of agility and flexibility and, on the other hand, reflecting business model maturity. Findings: The conducted research allows us to state that mature business models – as implemented by the surveyed companies – are perceived rather through the prism of the strategic ability of enterprises to quickly adapt to unforeseen and sudden changes on the market (agility category). Originality: The article includes not only academic postulates of agility or flexibility but also practical tips that enable constructing guidelines for decision-makers and managers of the agricultural machinery sector. The study carries a charge of a theoretical and empirical study. It takes into account knowledge and expert experience.
EN
The round goby (Neogobius melanostomus Pallas 1811) is a non-native species in the Gulf of Gdańsk. The aim of this article is to assess the absolute fecundity and attempt to describe the gonad development cycle of round goby specimens from the Gulf of Gdańsk. The stages of gonad development were classified according to the modified Nikolski (1963) scale for perciformes, which was adapted for the round goby. The sex ratio (female to male) in the population was 3:5. Spawning was most intense during April and July, and there was a pause in June. Fish body size determined fecundity.
4
100%
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2015
|
nr 2(23)
26-42
EN
Maturity models are a kind of compendium of knowledge from a given field and a guide for managers translating knowledge into concrete actions which aim is to change and improve an organization. They describe the evolutionary development path which enables an organization to move from the state of inconsistent, short-term business actions to the arranged, monitored and managed ones. The article presents and compares two procedures of maturity models designing and design principles, that is criteria which a maturity model should correspond to as a result of designing, helping potential users in comparing and assessing of existing models. The aim of the article is the assessment of EFQM excellence model as to meeting the criteria of usefulness and application included in design priniples. EFQM excellence model is an example of a well designed prescriptive model which sufficiently covers the most important usefulness criteria.
EN
The occurrence of perylene in the Middle Jurassic fossil wood from Poland is described, along with its correlation with unsubstituted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) as well as cellulose content. Perylene is especially common in immature/low maturity organic matter (OM), largely of terrestrial origin (e.g. Louda & Baker 1984, Jiang et al. 2000, Grice et al. 2009). It has been found in diverse recent environments, such as marine and terrestrial sediments, including peats, as well as ancient deposits, including brown coal and hard coal, crude oil and sedimentary rocks (review in Marynowski et al. 2013). Here we link perylene, a product of wood-degrading fungi, to conifer biomarkers in fossil wood material of different ages. Middle Jurassic wood remnants were of relatively low maturity (ca. 0.2-0.4% vitrinite reflectance Rr), had excellent preservation of biomarkers and biomolecules and generally good preservation of anatomical structures due to early diagenetic mineralisation. The results from described (most taxonomically defined) fossil wood fragments demonstrated a negative correlation between the concentration of perylene and those of generally typical conifer biomarkers (e.g. cadalene, dehydroabietane, simonellite and retene). We defined a conifer wood degradation index as: CWDI = perylene / (perylene + cadalene + retene + simonellite + dehydroabietane); and observed a wide range of values (0.001 for less degraded wood to 0.95 for highly degraded samples). We determined similar δ13C values for perylene from the fossil wood samples (from -26.4% to -27.8%), whereas the values for the conifer biomarkers were slightly higher and varied from -25.6% to -26.6%. In contrast, pyrene was depleted in 13C (from -27.5% to -28.2%). The carbon isotope values of perylene are consistent with an origin from wood-degrading fungi.
EN
Young males of Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774) are known to remain immature in the year of their birth in some parts of the species range, but reach maturity in other parts. In the latter case, however, a doubt has been expresses about whether they would be able to mate. We adduce strong evidence that males of the year can really be fertile. In captive noctules, among which there were no old males, copulatory behaviour and parturition were observed. The possible significance of this phenomenon is discussed.
Studia Ełckie
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2022
|
tom 24
|
nr 4
489-500
EN
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the personal maturity significance for the relation between the daughter-in-law and the parents-in-law. The analysis allows us to show what criteria a good daughter-in-law should fulfill. The author applies the analytic-synthetic method to analyze the available literature. The work resolves to investigate the relations between the children-in-law and the parents-in-law as these relations are essential for the intergenerational family’s functioning. As a framework for the research, the author uses the Zdzisław Chlewiński’s personal maturity theory (1991), which emphasizes the significance of constant self-improvement. Chlewiński specifies three criteria for personal maturity: having a personal attitude towards the other man, autonomy, and an insight into oneself. Research results: the more the daughter-in-law is characterized by her personal attitudes towards other people, her own autonomy, and her good insight into herself, the better and more mature she will be, and the more she will contribute to the good relations within an intergenerational family.
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|
nr 3
398-414
EN
Process management is an essential element of modern management models, at the enterprise level, but also at the supply chain level. However, the importance of process management is explicitly indicated by the process management maturity models, through analysis of the level of process orientation, or through analysis of the level of quality of process orientation components. Starting from the fact that competition in modern conditions often takes place between supply chains, process management maturity grows into supply chain management maturity. Some of the supply chain management maturity models are SCMAT model, S(CM)2 model and SCPM3 model. In this paper the framework of another supply chain management maturity is formulated, by upgrading the SCOR model with process orientation, or SCORBPO model. This model involves analysis of the presence of supply chain management best practice, on one hand, and the presence of process orientation components, on the other hand. The aim of the research was to identify the maturity of enterprises in Serbia in applying supply chain management best practice, as well as process orientation components that are potential sources of competitive advantage or constraints for enterprises and supply chains. Analysis of justification of hypotheses is done by using correlation and regression analysis. The general conclusion is that between the presence of best practices and process orientation components there is a positive correlation, and that most of the process orientation components affect the implementation of supply chain management best practices.
9
Content available remote Determinants of Indonesian corporate bond yield
88%
|
2017
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tom Volume 13
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nr Issue 5
619-629
EN
Bonds are securities instruments quite attractive for investors. There are many factors that investors consider when going to invest in bonds market. A number of recents studies indicate that yield is one of the most commonly factors considered by investors. This study aims to identify the various factors that affect bond yields, as well as to explain the mechanisms by which each factors influence yields. The methodology of the research is to analyze secondary data available in Indonesian Bond Market Directory for the period of January 2015 - July 2016. Some statistic tools were used to analyze and interpret data, such as multiple linear regression analysis, coefficient of determination, and analysis of variance, and hypothesis testing using t-test. Based on data compiled from 67 companies and 138 bonds shows that bond maturity and coupon rate have a significant positive effect on bond yield. Instead, issuer's rating has a significant negative effect on bond yield. While on the other hand, liquidity does not give significant influence to bond yield.
EN
The molecular character of organic matter in Triassic clays on the NW border of the Holy Cross Mts was determined in apolar, aromatic and polar fractions of extractable organic matter (OM) using GC-MS analysis. The contribution of terrestrial higher plants to the kerogene is revealed by the dominant presence of odd long-chain n-alkanes and by the occurrence of retene. Benzophenone, fluorenone, cyclopenta(def)phenanthrenone, antracenone and benzanthrone were among the compounds identified in polar fractions of the soluble organic matter. These commonly originate during strong oxidation of sedimentary organic matter. The aromatic fraction is characterised by the presence of phenyl derivatives (PhPAC) such as phenylnaphthalenes, terphenyls, phenyldibenzofurans and phenylphenanthrenes that are also products of the abiotic oxidation of organic matter. The oxidation processes that occurred during sedimentation and during early diagenesis resulted in a very significant decrease in the organic matter content in the clays. This decrease considerably influences their technological properties.
PL
W pracy przeprowadzono ogólną i molekularną charakterystykę materii organicznej pochodzącej z triasowych iłów NW obrzeżenia Gór Świętokrzyskich. Badaniom poddano frakcje: apolarną, aromatyczną oraz polarną wykorzystując metodę chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas (GC-MS). Udział lądowych roślin wyższych w składzie kerogenu został stwierdzony na podstawie obecności wśród węglowodorów nasyconych wyraźnej przewagi długołańcuchowych, nieparzystowęglowych n-alkanów nad n-alkanami parzystowęglowymi. Ponadto, wszystkie badane próbki zawierają charakterystyczny dla roślin wyższych biomarker — reten. Frakcje polarne analizowanych próbek zawierają: benzofenon, fluorenon, cyklopenta(def)fenantrenon, antracenon i benzantron. Związki te powstają podczas intensywnego, abiotycznego utleniania materii organicznej. Z kolei we frakcji aromatycznej stwierdzono występowanie fenylowych pochodnych węglowodorów aromatycznych, takich jak: fenylonaftaleny, terfenyle, fenylodibenzofurany i fenylofenantreny, również genetycznie związanych z procesami utleniania. Procesy abiotycznego utleniania materii organicznej zachodzące w trakcie jej depozycji i podczas wczesnej diagenezy spowodowały znaczący spadek zawartości materii organicznej w iłach, co wpłynęło na ich właściwości technologiczne.
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tom 163
337-348
EN
In Ukrainian and Belarusian 17th century literature of mourning there is no one common to all the authors vision of old age. It was presented as adifficult state, filled with suffering and even dangerous for those whom mental and bodily weakness prevented the holding of penance-delayed too long. At the same time, this grim vision coexisted with the optimistic picture of the autumn of life active and fruitful in creative activities. Old age was the penalty for sin, but also one way of moving away from him and sourcing selection everlasting. Old age was sometimes synonymous with maturity, wisdom, young people, could be asymbol of duration in sin. Despite that dra ws certain tendency to recognition of the topic related to the fact that these considerations were partly subordinated to panegyric, and above all pastoral goal. Traditional mourning for the composition elements: to show the size of the loss, mourning the dead or solace grief of the living, most often occur as acomponent of moral exhortations and instructions. The explanation of this trend must be sought in an environment of contemporary authors’ funeral compositions. They were mainly representatives of the intellectual elite of clerical: priests, bishops and archimandrites; church reformers at the same time, cultural activists, workers and publisher. So those who took on their shoulders the renewal of religious life and spiritual and cultural life in The Metropolitanate of Kiev, realizing it and by disseminated in mourning texts role models and moral attitude.
UK
В українській та білоруській жалобній літературі 17-го століття відсутнє спільне для всіх авторів бачення старості. Вона зображена передусім як складний стан, наповнений стражданням, особливо небезпечний для тих, кому психічна та тілесна слабість не дозволила здійснити надто довго відкладуваного покаяння. Водночас цей похмурий образ співіснував з оптимістичною картиною осени життя — активної і плідної творчою діяльністю. Старість була водночас покаранням за гріх, засобом відходу від нього і здобування доброї вічності. Іноді — синонімом зрілості, мудрості молодих, або символом гріховного існування. Попри ці суперечності у підході до проблеми старості можна простежити певну тенденцію використання теми. Вона пов’язана з фактом часткового її підпорядкування панегіричній та, перш за все, пастирській меті. Традиційні елементи траурних композицій: зазначення розміру втрати, оплакування померлого, заспокоєння душевного болю живих — найчастіше виступають як компоненти моральних настанов та інструкцій. Пояснення цієї тенденції слід шукати в середовищі авторів — в основному представників інтелектуальної еліти, насамперед духовної (єпископи, ігумени та архімандрити), в той же час церковних реформаторів, культурних діячів, видавців. Отже, це були подвижники оновлення релігійного та духовно-культурного життя в Київській Митрополії, які реалізували його, між іншим, шляхом поширення в траурних текстах життєвих взірців та зразків моральної поведінки.
EN
Due to their unique biochemical composition, sea cucumbers are highly prized marine echinoderm species. One of their most important properties is that they contain a high amount of collagen in their body wall. In this study, the relationship between collagen and pepsin-solubilized collagen yields from Holothuria tubulosa and Holothuria poli and morphometric and biochemical parameters were investigated. Collagen yields were in the range of 10.63–16.04% for H. tubulosa and 7.12–13.10% for H. poli. It was determined that they may be related to length, body wall weight, and biochemical composition at different length frequencies. Moreover, maturity may have a direct effect on the yield, as mature specimens were found to have lower content of collagen, whereas immature small specimens contained a higher percentage of collagen. It was found that with increasing pepsin concentration, the PSC yield increased to 1.83–1.89% in H. tubulosa and H. poli, respectively. It was determined that collagen from smaller individuals, which contained more moisture and ash, was likely more susceptible to pepsin hydrolyzation. This is the first published study demonstrating that collagen yield of sea cucumbers can vary with length, weight, maturity, and biochemical composition, in addition to species-specific differences.
EN
Due to major fluctuations in the labour market, the issue of motivation is again becoming one of the fundamental subjects of modern management and quality sciences. It seems that the complexity of the problems – apart from limited scientific recognition so far – justify treatment of the mentioned matters as the subject matter of research. Thus, the main goal of this paper is to assess the level of maturity of manufacturing enterprises in the area of effective implementation of non-wage systems to motivate executive employees. With reference to the objective outlined in this way, it was recommended as a necessary action; on the theoretical level – to apply the method of reconstruction and interpretation of Polish and foreign literature related to this subject – to nominate questions assessing the level of maturity of non-wage incentive systems; on a project level – to compile a research tool in the form of an evaluation sheet constituting the resultant literature exploration and research among intentionally selected respondents (executive employees); on an empirical level – to conduct investigation among manufacturers of the agricultural machinery sector (expert assessment).
EN
Unassessed fisheries, mostly non-targeted fisheries, are now particularly predominant in many commercial fisheries and are critical to food security in developing countries. These fisheries typically lack reliable data essential for assessing their stocks, leaving them susceptible to overfishing and declining yield over time. This study proposes a framework for determining the life history and management of such fisheries. Data on the length composition and reproduction of wahoo Acanthocybium solandri, a common bycatch species in commercial fisheries, were obtained from observers aboard Chinese longline vessels in the Eastern Atlantic between 2010 and 2020 and were used as a case study. A comprehensive methodological approach was applied using data on this species to estimate its life history parameters, to evaluate biological reference points, and to provide proxies for the stock status. The final main growth parameters obtained were: Linf = 161.21 cm FL (157.34–194.68), K = 0.47/year (0.14–0.65); estimated size at first maturity was 89.6 cm FL. As assessed by the set of methods applied, the wahoo stock state was healthy in the Tropical Eastern Atlantic Ocean. This study advises against using a single approach to determining life history parameters in data-limited fisheries, as this may affect reference points and thus management recommendations. This study provides a route whereby many easy-to-apply methods can be used to understand the status of multiple stocks in poorly managed fisheries, and thus provide management plans.
PL
Dynamiczna zmienność warunków gospodarczych niesie ze sobą różnorodność zagrożeń, w których przyszło funkcjonować współczesnym organizacjom. Turbulentne otoczenie stawia przed nimi szereg wyzwań. Zatem konieczne staje się kształtowanie kompetencji organizacyjnych warunkujących zachowanie ich konkurencyjności. Racjonalne wydaje się stwierdzenie, iż w znacznym stopniu dostosowanie się do zmienności i złożoności otoczenia uzależnione jest od umiejętności kształtowania, a następnie właściwego wykorzystania kapitału ludzkiego. To w projakościowym zarządzaniu organizacją, doskonaleniu jakości kapitału ludzkiego należy upatrywać szans na wzrost poziomu dojrzałości jakościowej organizacji, co sprzyja osiągnięciu trwałego sukcesu.
EN
Dynamic variation in economic conditions brings with it a variety of threats, in which modern organizations must operate. Turbulent environment poses a number of challenges in front of them. Therefore, it becomes necessary to create organizational competencies shaping the behaviour determining their competitiveness. It seems reasonable to say that to a large extent adapting to the variability and complexity of the environment depends on the ability to shape, and then to use appropriately human capital. It's pro-qualitative organization management, improving the quality of human capital should be seen as the opportunity for the growth of maturity level of quality organization, which contributes to achieving lasting success.
EN
Organic geochemical studies were carried out on the sulphate–shale–carbonate series, representing the upper PZ1 and lower PZ2 sections of the Zechstein cycles in the Kłodawa Salt Structure, located in the central part of the Zechstein Basin, in Poland. Hydrocarbons extracted from the Na1 and Na2 rock salts, the A1g and A2 anhydrites, the Ca2 dolomitic anhydrite and the T2 shale-carbonate rocks were analysed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Homological series of the n-alkanes and chained isoprenes indicate the algal nature of the organic matter with the characteristic chemiistry of type II kerogen deposited under anoxic conditions. The molecular composition of other biomarkers (n-alkylbenzenes, steranes) as well as phenenthrene and dibenzothiophene and their methyl derivatives revealed the highest maturity of the hydrocarbons (level of advanced stage of the oil-window zone) in the upper part of the Stinking Shale. In the adjacent beds, a gradual decrease in the maturity of the hydrocarbons was observed both upwards and downwards in the stratigraphic sequence. The main source rock of the hydrocarbons is represented by the Stinking Shale deposits. The observed trend of vertical variation in maturity through the rock profile is explained as resulting from the continuous vertical migration of hydrocarbons, expelled during maturation from the Stinking Shale rocks into the underlying and overlying strata.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono metodę pomiaru przewodności w wyciągach wodnych z pryzm kompostowych odwodnionego wywaru gorzelniczego. Badania przeprowadzono na czterech wariantach pryzm: wywar, wywar z biopreparatem, wywar z obornikiem oraz wywar ze słomą. Ponieważ oznaczone w tych samych wyciągach wodnych pierwiastki: sód, potas, wapń i magnez występowały w formie jonowej, dlatego dla określenia zmian w ilości rozpuszczonych pierwiastków, a przez to zmian ilościowych rozpuszczalnych substancji przeprowadzono pomiary przewodnictwa. Wyciągi wodne z kompostów można zatem traktować jako wodne roztwory elektrolitów, stanowiących specyficzny rodzaj przewodników.
EN
Conductivity measurement method in water extracts from compost of potato stillage has been described. The experiment comprised of 4 compost piles: potato stillage, potato stillage with bacterial-enzymatic preparation, potato stillage with manure and potato stillage with straw. The elements K+, Na+, Ca+2 and Mg+2 measured in the same water extracts were in ionic form therefore for estimation quantity changes of dissolved elements which results in quantity changes in dissolved substances, the conductivity measurement was applied in the studies. It means that water extracts from composts can be treated as water solutions of electrolytes which makes a specific kind of conductors.
PL
Dojrzałość to pojęcie fundamentalne w teorii rozwoju i obszarach stanowiących źródło inspiracji. Złożoność kategorii dojrzałości zwraca uwagę na wielopoziomowość tego pojęcia. Dojrzałość powiązana jest z efektywnością, skutecznością, wydajnością, produktywnością i doskonaleniem organizacji. Zainteresowanie problematyką dojrzałości potwierdziła analiza bibliometryczna w oparciu o dane pochodzące z Web of Science. W artykule dokonano przeglądu definicji dojrzałości opublikowanych w literaturze polskiej i światowej. Wskazano na istotę i znaczenie dojrzałości oraz dojrzałości organizacyjnej.
EN
Maturity is a fundamental concept in development theory and in areas that are a source of inspiration. The complexity of the maturity category highlights the multilevel nature of this concept. Maturity is associated with efficiency, effectiveness, productivity and organisational improvement. Broad interest in the issue of maturity has been confirmed by bibliometric analysis based on data from the Web of Science. The article reviews the definitions of maturity published in Polish and world literature.
20
Content available Wiara kapłana i jego dojrzałość duchowa
75%
EN
The maturity of the priests’ faith is closely related to his spiritual maturity, and his conscious participation in the Priesthood of Jesus Christ. In his relation to Jesus, the priest defines his identity, develops his bonds with God the Father and the Holy Spirit – that is with the Trinitarian God. Following Christ, the priest loves the community of the Church and all the people, as those for whom Christ died. The spiritually mature priest is capable of spiritual recognition to distinguish the inspiration of the Holy Spirit from the Satanic influences in his own heart, in the world and in the Church. Coming along the path of the faith means one has to trust and love God more and more, and accept the need for continuous growth.
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