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Materia magnetyczna na granicach stratygraficznych fanerozoiku

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Zalewski F.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2016

tom nr 209 wyd. konferencyjne

119--122

Today, the origin of spherules (spheroids) is attributed to two sources: anthropogenic (industrial) and/or cosmic. Anthropogenic spherules are produced in an industrial processes such as metallurgy, welding, grinding. Before the rise of industry and the use of iron tools we can find only spherules of cosmic origin deposited in the sediments. Spherules of cosmic origin fall to the surface of the Earth all the time [2]. They are a product of the process of ablation and combustion of meteoroids and cosmic dust during their fall through the Earth’s atmosphere, leaving behind a bolid trail [8]. Another natural source of origin of these objects are explosions. After passage of an extra-terrestrial body through the atmosphere, it hits the surface of the planet causing explosions. A big part of rock from the ground and extra-terrestrial matter evaporates during those explosions. The rest of the ejected material falls on the surface of the planet in the form of lumps, spherules, breccia, etc., covering a large area around the epicentre of the outbreak, or the entire planet. It forms a thin layer of molten post-explosive residue, which with the passing time – measured in geological terms – is covered with subsequent layers of sediment and becomes a timestamp in these sediments. Concentration of this type of material indicates a regional or global catastrophe caused by falling of objects of cosmic origin on Earth. One of these events was a meteorite fall in the area of the Yucatan Peninsula. This event caused an effect of nuclear winter and extinction of a large number of species of plants and animals, which left a layer of sediment enriched in iridium around the globe. This layer containing iridium and spherules is considered a typical strato border between the Cretaceous and Paleogene (K-T boundary) sediments, dating back to 66 million years [1, 11]. Tests to detect the magnetic spherules and matter on the borders of lithostratigraphic have been taken in the course of shale gas explorations in Poland. Previous research of laboratory samples from five wells indicate that material of the cosmic origin in the form of spherules and magnetic material is present in a large number of geological period borders, epochs and some stratigraphic formations. These results, combined with literature reports [5, 9] indicate the prevalence of the magnetic matter and spherules on the lithostratigraphic borders, which in turn creates the possibility of using the presence of that matter to a faster (compared to the current methods) and more precise determination of the relevant, lithostratigraphic borders.