Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Distance Fibonacci numbers, their interpretations and matrix generators

100%

Bednarz U. , Włoch A. , Wołowiec-Musiał M.

Commentationes Mathematicae

|

2013

|

tom Vol 53, No. 1

35--46

EN

In this paper we define a distance Fibonacci numbers, also for negative integers, which generalize the classical Fibonacci numbers and Padovan numbers, simultaneously. We give different interpretations of these numbers with respect to special partitions and compositions, also in graphs. We show a construction of the sequence of distance Fibonacci numbers using the Pascal’s triangle. Moreover, we give matrix generators of these numbers, for negative integers, too.

2

Fault diagnosis of a water for injection system using enhanced structural isolation

100%

Laursen M. , Blanke M. , Düştegör D.

|

nr 4

593-603

EN

A water for injection system supplies chilled sterile water as a solvent for pharmaceutical products. There are ultimate requirements for the quality of the sterile water, and the consequence of a fault in temperature or in flow control within the process may cause a loss of one or more batches of the production. Early diagnosis of faults is hence of considerable interest for this process. This study investigates the properties of multiple matchings with respect to isolability, and it suggests to explore the topologies of multiple use-modes for the process and to employ active techniques for fault isolation to enhance structural isolability of faults. The suggested methods are validated on a high-fidelity simulation of the process.

3

Rejestracja chmur punktów 3D w oparciu o wyodrębnione krawędzie

89%

Poręba M. , Goulette F.

|

tom Vol. 26

107--118

PL

Artykuł podejmuje tematykę rejestracji czyli łączenia i orientacji chmur punktów do jednego układu współrzędnych. Z praktycznego punktu widzenia proces ten sprowadza się do estymacji parametrów transformacji - rotacji i translacji, na podstawie wybranych elementów dopasowania jak punkty, linie czy płaszczyzny. Wykorzystano krawędzie powstałe w wyniku przecięć sąsiadujących płaszczyzn modelowanych w chmurze punktów. W rezultacie takie elementy geometryczne mogą być dokładnie wyodrębnione nawet w rzadkiej chmurze punktów. Dane symulowane obarczone addytywnym szumem Gaussa posłużyły do przetestowania kilku istniejących metod estymacji pod kątem ich odporności na szum oraz poprawności oferowanego rozwiązania. Dla potrzeb oceny ilościowej wykonanej transformacji zdefiniowano kryterium dokładności wykorzystujące zmodyfikowaną miarę odległości Hausdorffa. Jako że poprawny, automatyczny matching elementów liniowych jest zadaniem trudnym i rzutującym na poprawność estymowanych parametrów, zaproponowano metodę uwzględniającą wzajemne podobieństwo linii. Przeprowadzone testy wykazały, że algorytm ten zapewnia prawidłowe sparowanie linii, a jego dokładność wynosi co najmniej 99%, przy średnio 8% par pominiętych.

EN

The registration of 3D point clouds collected from different scanner positions is necessary in order to avoid occlusions, ensure a full coverage of areas, and collect useful data for analyzing and documenting the surrounding environment. This procedure involves three main stages: 1) choosing appropriate features, which can be reliably extracted; 2) matching conjugate primitives; 3) estimating the transformation parameters. Currently, points and spheres are most frequently chosen as the registration features. However, due to limited point cloud resolution, proper identification and precise measurement of a common point within the overlapping laser data is almost impossible. One possible solution to this problem may be a registration process based on the Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm or its variation. Alternatively, planar and linear feature-based registration techniques can also be applied. In this paper, we propose the use of line segments obtained from intersecting planes modelled within individual scans. Such primitives can be easily extracted even from low-density point clouds. Working with synthetic data, several existing line-based registration methods are evaluated according to their robustness to noise and the precision of the estimated transformation parameters. For the purpose of quantitative assessment, an accuracy criterion based on a modified Hausdorff distance is defined. Since an automated matching of segments is a challenging task that influences the correctness of the transformation parameters, a correspondence-finding algorithm is developed. The tests show that our matching algorithm provides a correct pairing with an accuracy of 99 % at least, and about 8% of omitted line pairs.

4

Recognition of cartographic symbols based on a structural model of a shape

88%

Stąpor K.

|

tom Vol. 8, No. 1

129-142

EN

This paper presents a method for recognition of cartographic symbols that is based on a structural model of a general 2D-curve. The presented method utilizes an algebraic description of a curve structure described in [7]. Feature extraction is based in the vectorized skeleton generated by the non-pixelwise thinning algorithm, [14]. From such representation, a structural description of a cartographic symbol is obtained. Finding a match between a model and a given, unknown 2D-shape, is performed through the devised, hybrid procedure, consisting of the structural matching algorithm with followed distance calculation in a parameter space. Experimental results shoen that the method gives satisfying recognition rates.

5

Minimal fixed point sets of relative maps

88%

Zhao X. Z.

|

tom 162

|

nr 2

163-180

EN

Let f: (X,A) → (X,A) be a self map of a pair of compact polyhedra. It is known that f has at least N(f;X,A) fixed points on X. We give a sufficient and necessary condition for a finite set P (|P| = N(f;X,A)) to be the fixed point set of a map in the relative homotopy class of the given map f. As an application, a new lower bound for the number of fixed points of f on Cl(X-A) is given.

6

MATSIM - automatyczne dopasowanie pary zdjęć satelitarnych metodą analizy cech przestrzennych

88%

Stopa K. , Nowakowski A.

Archiwum Fotogrametrii, Kartografii i Teledetekcji

|

2012

|

tom Vol. 24

357--366

PL

W codziennej praktyce teledetekcyjnej wielokrotnie zachodzi potrzeba dopasowania zdjęć ”piksel w piksel”. Jest to szczególnie ważne gdy wykonujemy równoczesną klasyfikację kilku zdjęć lub analizy porównawcze, których najlepszym przykładem jest detekcja zmian. Dopasowanie zdjęć satelitarnych, lotniczych, czy też innych danych obrazowych uzyskanych w wyniku skanowania, wykonywane jest najczęściej ręcznie na podstawie określanych przez operatora punktów. W Centrum Badań Kosmicznych PAN w Zespole Obserwacji Ziemi opracowano automatyczną metodę dopasowywania dwóch zdjęć, która działa w postaci niezależnego oprogramowania. W celu wyznaczenia punktów dopasowania na zdjęciu wejściowym i referencyjnym wykonywana jest detekcja krawędzi algorytmem Canny’ego. Następnie znajdowane są linie proste. Przecięcia ich tworzą punkty charakterystyczne, spośród których na obu zdjęciach wybierane są pary odpowiadających sobie punktów dopasowania. Muszą one spełniać określone warunki. Znalezione pary odpowiadających sobie punktów służą wyznaczeniu parametrów macierzy transformacji, na podstawie której wykonywana jest korekcja geometryczna. Zaproponowane podejście charakteryzuje się wysoką dokładnością wyników. Implementację metody wzbogaconą o graficzny interfejs użytkownika udostępniono w postaci oprogramowania matSIM. Jest ono rozpowszechniane na licencji freeware, dzięki czemu może być powszechnie wykorzystywane.

EN

Image geometrization is one of the basic processes in satellite image processing. As a result of the transformations performed, georeference is attached to the image becoming a cartometric image. Depending of the used algorithm, the referencing material can be a map, other image, a vectorial data base, control points interactively determined by an operator or RPC points (Rational Polynomial Coefficient). In everyday practice working with remote sensing means that we work more often with after orthorectification data, realized by image supplier. Despite this, “pixel to pixel” matching is still frequently needed. This is particularly important when we perform simultaneous classification of various images or comparing analyses, for example, detecting change. Image matching of satellite, aerial or other imaging data originated from scanning, is commonly hand made based on marked points by an operator. This is not a difficult process, however time-consuming and often troublesome. Some of the commercial software applications offer functionalities that do this process automatically, but frequently appear in additional paid modules. At the Space Research Centre in Earth Observation Group we have developed an automated image matching method that works integrated in a created stand-alone software. Matching points at reference and input image are marked automatically. To this end, edge detection is performed on the image using Canny’s algorithm. After this, straight lines are identified and on the intersection points between these lines, characteristic image points are created. From these points both images will select corresponding pairs of points to be matched. The points selected for this task must fulfill three conditions. Firstly, maximal and minimal distance between the points must be kept within the defined threshold values. Secondly, the angle between intersected segments that define a matching point must be similar. And at lastly, the correlation coefficient indicating pixel value defined at the surrounding point zone must be the same, allowing a predetermined margin over the defined threshold value. Using the matching points obtained during this process, the parameters of the transformation matrix are obtained, being those parameters the base for geometric image correction. The purposed method is characterized by high accuracy of its results. The firsts tests were performed using Matlab development environment and then, taking in mind the increasing need of high speed performance, the algorithm was adapted to work using C\C++ libraries. Based on this algorithm, we have developed and implemented the software application matSIM. We have released this application under a freeware license and can be commonly used. The user friendly graphic interface improves the usability and facilitates image visualization and selection of used regions of interest where matching points will be searched. Additionally, the application allows changing default parameters such as transformation method used (lineal, bilinear, quadratic) and resampling type (nearest neighbor, bilinear).The input and output data format is GeoTIFF.

7

The hardness of the independence and matching clutter of a graph

75%

Hambardzumyan S. , Mkrtchyan V. V. , Musoyan V. L. , Sargsyan H.

|

tom Vol. 36, no. 3

375--397

EN

A clutter (or antichain or Sperner family) L is a pair (V, E), where V is a finite set and E is a family of subsets of V none of which is a subset of another. Usually, the elements of V are called vertices of L, and the elements of E are called edges of L. A subset se of an edge e of a clutter is called recognizing for e, if se is not a subset of another edge. The hardness of an edge e of a clutter is the ratio of the size of e's smallest recognizing subset to the size of e. The hardness of a clutter is the maximum hardness of its edges. We study the hardness of clutters arising from independent sets and matchings of graphs.

8

Structured light 3D free form recovering with sub-pixel precision

75%

Ababsa F. , Roussel D. , Mallem M.

|

tom Vol. 12, No. 4

453-476

EN

This paper deals with the 3D Free form object pose recovering problem that is present in several industrial applications, such as online quality control in production as well as image systems for assembly/welding, augmented reality and robotics. The method presented here uses a structured light based vision system to reconstruct several accurate local 3D patches of the objects. A robust sub-pixel method for image features detection has been developed in order to increase 3D reconstruction accuracy. The curvature method is then used to compute a geometric invariant "footprint" to discriminate reconstructed patches, which allows to match them with the object's model. Pose recovering is performed by using the prediction-verification hypotheses paradigm. Some experimental results are given to show the efficiency of the proposed solution when applied to a complex free form object.

9

Matching and Non-Matching Skills: Assessment and Searching for Ways to Balance

75%

Ilich L.

|

nr 3(20)

5-14

EN

At the end of the previous century most world countries faced serious complex problems concerning of mismatching skills and jobs which were regarded as the crisis of educa- tional systems. The main cause of this crisis was intensification of contradictions between qualitative changes occurred in global society on the account of increase in demand for knowledge and intensification of its spreading and evolutionary and extensive education development. The problem of matching skills and jobs has become of actual importance since the mo- ment when the needs for labor force in developed countries increased. Employers called the need for skills as well as the need for employees eager to upgrade their knowledge constantly, get new skills and crucially new competences allowing them both to fulfill their duties successfully and create new workplaces independently. Nowadays the attention of scientific community is draws to estimation of matching skills and jobs as well as over- coming imbalances existing at the labor market. The article does a research into impact of skills anticipating on subjects of economy’s behavior and economy in general. Activities of workplace’s overeducation and undereducation in some European countries and Ukraine are analysed, the best practice of overcoming such imbalances is investigated.

10

Model przydziału zasobów do zadań w przedsiębiorstwie transportowym

75%

Izdebski M. , Jacyna M.

|

tom nr 4

PL

W artykule zdefiniowano ogólny problem przydziału, wyjaśniono pojęcie skojarzenia w grafie dwudzielnym a następnie opisano problem przydziału w przedsiębiorstwie transportowym. Wyznaczono model matematyczny przydziału, funkcję optymalizacyjną.

EN

This article defines a general assignment problem and explains definition of a matching in a bipartite graph. This paper describes an assignment problem of tasks to resources in the transport company. This article contains the mathematical allocation model of tasks, function optimization with constrains.

11

Control and sensoric subsystem of mechatronics system OMR III

75%

Singule V. , Lojek O. , Houska P.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektryka / Politechnika Śląska

|

2001

|

tom z. 177

195-202

EN

The robot is able to make plane movements in the surroundings using a locomotive mechanism including planned interaction with the variable surrounding environment. The OMR III control system has been divided into three levels. The external subsystem represents the top level of control. The operator can control the robot through it in case of the artificial intelligence algorithms are not able to solve the given situation. The planning subsystem creates a higher level of control and it solves localisation of the mobile robot during global navigation. The lowest level of control consists of the control subsytem of locomotion. The individual levels are inter-connected into a distributed network. The sensorial subsystem consists of two functionally different groups of sensors. The internal sensors provide information about changes of inner conditions of the robot. The external sensors provide information about changes of the external environment of the robot.

12

A comprehensive setting for matching and unification over iterative terms

75%

Intrigila B. , Inverardi P. , Zilli M. V.

|

1999

|

tom Vol. 39, Nr 3

273-304

EN

Terms finitely representing infinite sequences of finite first-order terms have received attention by several authors. In this paper, we consider the class of recurrent terms proposed by H. Chen and J. Hsiang, and we extend it to allow infinite terms. This extension helps in clarifying the relationships between matching and unification over the class of terms we consider, that we call iterative terms. In fact, it holds that if a term s matches a term t by a substitution G, then the limit of iterations of the matching G, if it exists, is a most general unifier of s and t. A crucial feature of iterative terms is the notion of maximally-folded normal form that allows for a comprehensive treatment of both finite and infinite iterative terms. In this setting, infinite terms can be simply characterized as limits of sequences of finite terms. For finite terms we positively settle an open problem of H. Chen and J. Hsiang on the number of most general unifiers for a pair of terms.

13

Assisting personal positioning in indoor environments using map matching

71%

Attia M. , Moussa A. , Zhao X. , El-Sheimy N.

|

tom Vol. 22

39--49

EN

Personal positioning is facing a huge challenge to maintain a reliable accuracy through all applications. Although in outdoor applications, several mobile navigation devices can provide acceptable positioning accuracy, the situation in indoor environment is not the same. Mobile navigation devices mainly contain a global positioning system (GPS) receiver and an inertial measurement unit (IMU). The main drawback in indoor navigation applications is the unavailability of the GNSS signals, which decreases the possibility of obtaining an accurate absolute position solution, as the inertial system (INS) solution will drift with time in the absence of external updates. Several alternatives were presented lately to update the inertial solution such as using Wi-Fi, UWB, RFID, several self-contained sensors, imaging aiding and spatial information aiding. In order to achieve accurate position solution, with low-cost and usable technique, an integrated mobile navigation system integrating GPS/IMU/Wi-Fi and map-matching was developed. The developed system uses the prior knowledge of the indoor geometrical and topological information, as a threshold for the navigation solution, forcing the provided solution to be mostly on the right track. The geometrical and topological information for the building was used to build the geospatial data model. The use of this model was performed by developing a map matching algorithm which uses the geometrical and topological characteristics of the building to locate the user position on the building map. This algorithm was developed based on the geospatial information of the Engineering building, University of Calgary, where the field test occurred. The map-matching algorithm was evaluated by processing and comparing two separate navigation solutions through the study area, one using only the GPS/IMU/Wi-Fi system, and second solution was assisted with the map-matching algorithm which shows significant enhancement in the position solution for the indoor trajectory.

14

Fault diagnosis of a water for injection system using enhanced structural isolation

63%

Laursen M. , Blanke M. , Düştegör D.

|

tom Vol. 18, no 4

593-603

EN

A water for injection system supplies chilled sterile water as a solvent for pharmaceutical products. There are ultimate requirements for the quality of the sterile water, and the consequence of a fault in temperature or in flow control within the process may cause a loss of one or more batches of the production. Early diagnosis of faults is hence of considerable interest for this process. This study investigates the properties of multiple matchings with respect to isolability, and it suggests to explore the topologies of multiple use-modes for the process and to employ active techniques for fault isolation to enhance structural isolability of faults. The suggested methods are validated on a high-fidelity simulation of the process.

15

Techniki fotogrametryczne stosowane w modelowaniu 3D miast

63%

Rotchimmel K. , Kacprzak M.

|

tom Nr 2 (243)

198--204

PL

Głównym celem artykułu jest ukazanie możliwości generowania teksturowanych modeli brył budynków z wysokorozdzielczych zdjęć lotniczych, na obszarze o gęstej zabudowie. Wykorzystanie tego rodzaju danych źródłowych narzuca zastosowanie określonego procesu technologicznego. Przedstawione zostaną sposoby pozyskiwania kolejnych produktów pośrednich tj.: surowej chmury punktów. NMT, przestrzennych wektorowych modeli budynków, true ortofotomapy i realistycznych tekstur ścian bocznych. Przedstawiony zostanie również sposób ich końcowej integracji przy użyciu oprogramowania typu GIS. Następnie zaproponowana zostanie analiza dokładnościowa. która pozwoli na określenie standardów, które spełnia utworzony 3D model miasta.

EN

The main purpose of this article is to show a possibility to generate textured building models from high resolution aerial images in densely built-up areas. The use of this type of data source suggests/implies/imoses the use of a particular process. The following paper describes how to acquire further intermediates, i.e .: the raw point cloud. DSM. DTM. space models of buildings. True Ortho photos and photo-textures. Next, a possible way of their final integration by using GIS software was presented and how an implementation of a precision analysis which allows the user to specify standards that meet the created 3D city model can be made.

16

Personal identification using retina

63%

Choraś R. S.

|

2009

|

tom Vol. 13

53--58

EN

This paper proposes a biometric system for authentication that uses the retina blood vessel pattern. The retina biometric analyzes the layer of blood vessels located at the back of the eye. The blood vessels at the back of the eye have a unique pattern, from eye to eye and person to person. The retina, a layer of blood vessels located at the back of the eye, forms an identity card for the individual under investigation. In particular retinal recognition creates an ”eye signature” from its vascular configuration and its artificial duplication is thought to be virtually impossible.

17

Method of exterior orientation of aerial images by matching orthoimages

51%

Paszotta Z.

|

2000

|

tom 28

1-45

18

Wykorzystanie danych fotogrametrycznych do inwentaryzacji zieleni na terenach zurbanizowanych

51%

Kubalska J. , Preuss R.

|

tom Vol. 26

75--86

PL

Niniejszy artykuł omawia metodykę wykonania inwentaryzacji zieleni na obszarze zurbanizowanym z wykorzystaniem danych fotogrametrycznych w postaci „prawdziwej” barwnej ortofotomapy (trueortho) w podczerwieni (CIR) oraz Numerycznego Modelu Pokrycia Terenu (NMPT) utworzonego z danych pochodzących z lotniczego skaningu laserowego (ALS) lub alternatywnie z automatycznej korelacji obrazów zdjęć lotniczych. Proces inwentaryzacji zieleni został przeprowadzony metodą klasyfikacji na podstawie analizy cech zawartych w pikselach georeferencyjnego trueortho z jednoczesnym uwzględnieniem danych wysokościowych NMPT w postaci grid. Dla przeprowadzenia tej klasyfikacji zastosowano oprogramowanie Erdas Imagine. Właściwy proces klasyfikacji był poprzedzony utworzeniem danych wejściowych do tego zadania. Dane te uzyskano w wyniku przetwarzania cyfrowych zdjęć lotniczych wykonanych kamerą UltraCam firmy Vexcel o rozdzielczości terenowej GSD = 10cm oraz chmury punktów pozyskanych techniką ALS. Przetwarzanie to obejmowało wygenerowanie Numerycznego Modelu Terenu w środowisku SCOP++ oraz Numerycznego Modelu Pokrycia Terenu w środowisku Opals i Inpho. Porównanie utworzonych NMPT z dwóch różnych źródeł danych wykazało ich pełną spójność i jednorodność oraz możliwość zastosowania obydwu modeli do generowania produktu trueortho z cyfrowych zdjęć lotniczych. Prace wykonano na fotogrametrycznej stacji cyfrowej INPHO. „Prawdziwą” cyfrową ortofotomapę generowano zarówno ze zdjęć czarnobiałych w podczerwieni (NIR) jak i zdjęć barwnych (CIR). Przeprowadzona klasyfikacja zieleni w oprogramowaniu Erdas Imagine dowiodła, iż oprogramowanie to w zupełności nadaje się do przeprowadzenia klasyfikacji na podstawie cech zawartych w pikselach z jednoczesną analizą danych wysokościowych. Wykorzystanie równoczesne zarówno danych z lotniczego skaningu laserowego jak i zdjęć barwnych w podczerwieni pozwoliło na wykonanie dokładnej klasyfikacji zieleni na bardzo trudnym terenie, jakim jest zabudowany obszar miejski. Rezultaty klasyfikacji poddano ocenie dokładności poprzez ich wizualną weryfikację w aplikacji Google Street View. W czasach, gdy platformy lotnicze posiadają na swoim pokładzie jednocześnie rejestrujące dwa sensory t.j. wysokorozdzielczą kamerę cyfrową oraz skaner laserowy fuzja danych staje się powszechnie stosowaną metodą. Dzięki temu możliwe jest połączenie zalet obydwu typów danych, a przeprowadzona inwentaryzacja roślinności na obszarze miasta jest jednym z wielu możliwych zastosowań połączenia danych ALS i CIR.

EN

This paper discusses the methodology of the implementation of an inventory of vegetation in an urban area using photogrammetric data in the form of color NIR "true-orthophotomap" (true-ortho) and the digital surface model (DSM) created with data from airborne laser scanning, or alternatively, with an automatic correlation of images. The vegetation inventory was conducted by classification on the basis of the characteristics contained in pixels of georeferenced true-ortho while taking into account the elevation data in the form of gridded DSM. To carry out the classification Erdas Imagine software was used. The correct classification process was preceded by the creation of the input data for this task. This data was obtained from the processing of digital aerial photos taken by a Vexcel UltraCam camera with the ground resolution GSD = 10cm and point clouds acquired from ALS. This processing included the generation of digital terrain model in the SCOP++ environment and the digital surface model in an Opals and Inpho environment.The Comparison of DSM created from two different sources of data showed the overall consistency and uniformity and the ability to use both models to generate a true-ortho product from digital aerial photographs. The work was performed on an INPHO photogrammetric workstation. "True-ortho" was generated from both the black and white NIR images and colour images. The classification carried out with the Erdas Imagine software proved that this software is suitable for classification based on the features extracted from the pixels with the simultaneous analysis of elevation data. Simultaneous use of data both from airborne laser scanning and colour infrared images made it possible to make an exact classification of vegetation on very difficult terrain, like built up urban areas. The results of the classification accuracy were evaluated by the visual verification in Google Street View application. At a time when airborne platforms are equipped by both sensors, ie high resolution digital camera and laser scanner, data fusion is a commonly used approach. This makes it possible to combine the advantages of both types of data, and carrying out an inventory of the vegetation in the town area is one of many possible applications of the combined data from ALS and CIR.

19

Projektowanie mikrofalowych wzmacniaczy małoszumnych

51%

Kral J.

Elektrotechnika i Elektronika

|

2000

|

tom T. 19, z. 1

60--74

PL

W pracy przedstawiono sposób projektowania małoszumnego wzmacniacza mikrofalowego z elementami o stałych rozłożonych. Podano zależności projektowe, na podstawie których można przeprowadzić analizę graficzną układu. Omówiono ograniczenia wynikające z potencjalnej niestabilności tranzystora oraz kompromisu pomiędzy minimalnym współczynnikiem szumów a maksymalnym wzmocnieniem mocy. Podano syntetyczny algorytm projektowania. Przedstawiono też przykład projektowania wzmacniacza na 5 GHz o minimalnym współczynniku szumów rzędu 1 dB i wzmocnieniu mocy około 12 dB. Zaprezentowano sposób zwiększenia marginesu stabilności oraz szczegółowy sposób zaprojektowania obwodów dopasowujących. Pokazano też fizyczną realizację wzmacniacza (layout) na podłożu laminowanym w technice niesymetrycznych linii paskowych.

EN

This article covers the design of a low noise amplifier with distributed matching elements. Basic design relations which serve to graphical analysis are provided. Limitations connected with transistor stability and compromise between noise figure and power gain are discussed. Design procedure is formulated for a potentially unstable transistor. As an example there is a design of the amplifier with a GaAs MESFET with a noise figure of 1 dB and 12 dB gain around 5 GHz. The technique of increasing stability region and detailed matching circuit design are shown. Analysis and optimisation results are included. Presentation of amplifier layout on laminate substrate in microstrip technology closes the paper.