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A new environmentally friendly chemical mechanical polishing method applied for surface finishing Ti-6Al-4V alloy

100%

Quang N. M. , Quan N. N. , Mai N. T. , Thanh L. T. P. , Tung N. T. , Tan T. N. , Hai H. T. , Trinh N. D.

Journal of Machine Engineering

2023

tom Vol. 23, No. 4

64--76

A new eco-friendly slurry has been developed for the chemical mechanical polishing process with a solution of malic acid, deionized water, and an oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The surface quality of Ti-6Al-4V workpieces with the proposed chemical mechanical polishing slurry with optimal parameters include oxidizers (H2O2), colloidal (SiO2) slurry, and deionized water by weight 8%, 45%, and 47% respectively, the pH concentration is adjusted 4 through the malic acid content present in the slurry. Experimental results obtained with the proposed chemical mechanical polishing method show a more improved surface quality than previous studies when applying for polishing Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The developed chemical mechanical polishing method's polishing results under optimal conditions obtain an ultra-fine surface quality with Ra = 0.696 nm over a measuring area of 53×70 μm2. X-ray photoelectron (XPS) and electrochemical measurements were used to study the chemical reaction mechanisms in the proposed chemical mechanical polishing process. The chemical mechanical polishing processes for the surface of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy workpiece with the H2O2 oxidizing agent showed high suitability with the reactants formed on the surface such as Ti, V, and Al oxide. With the proposed oxidant and the established chemical mechanical polishing slurry, the feasibility and surface quality of the super smooth Ti-6Al-4V workpiece formed after polishing were demonstrated. The established chemical mechanical polishing method shows high applicability in environmental protection and Ti-6Al-4V alloy ultra-precision machining industries.

Potato starch plasticization by natural deep eutectic solvent

72%

Skowrońska D. , Wilpiszewska K.

tom Vol. 68, nr 9

480--486

A natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride and malic acid was used to plasticize potato starch. The influence of starch gelatinization temperature, NADES content and the method of its incorporation (before and after gelatinization) on starch plasticization was investigated. Polymer-plasticizer interactions were studied using MDSC, DMTA, XRD and FTIR-ATR methods. The viscosity of starch solutions as well as the mechanical properties and water absorption of the obtained films were determined. Gelatinization conditions had a significant impact on the viscosity of starch solutions and the physicochemical properties of the obtained films. The cross-linking reaction between starch and malic acid was confirmed by MDSC, DMTA, and mechanical tests. Slight recrystallization of starch was observed after 12 months of storage.

W pracy do plastyfikacji skrobi ziemniaczanej użyto naturalnej cieczy głęboko eutektycznej (NADES) na bazie chlorku choliny i kwasu jabłkowego. Zbadano wpływ temperatury żelowania skrobi, zawartości NADES oraz sposobu jego wprowadzenia (przed i po żelowaniu) na plastyfikację skrobi. Oddziaływania polimer-plastyfikator badano przy użyciu metod MDSC, DMTA, XRD i FTIR-ATR. Oznaczono także lepkość roztworów skrobi oraz właściwości mechaniczne i nasiąkliwość otrzymanych folii. Warunki żelowania miały istotny wpływ na lepkość roztworów skrobi oraz właściwości fizykochemiczne otrzymanych folii. Reakcję sieciowania skrobi z kwasem jabłkowym potwierdzono za pomocą MDSC, DMTA i badań mechanicznych. Po 12 miesiącach przechowywania zaobserwowano nieznaczną rekrystalizację skrobi.

Determination of organic acids in compound feed by ion chromatography method

58%

Zniszczynska A. , Rubaj J. , Bielecka G. , Korol W. , Kwiatek K.

2011

tom 55

nr 1

The paper presents the analytical procedure of organic acids quantification in compound feed by ion chromatography method. Organic acids: acetic, propionic, formic, malic, fumaric, and citric were extracted from a feed sample with water for 30 min. The measurement was done by conductometric detection. The limit of quantification of the assayed acids in the feeds was as follows: acetic 0.50 g/kg, propionic 0.63 g/kg, formic 0.45 g/kg, malic 0.45 g/kg, fumaric 0.50 g/kg, and citric 0.45 g/kg. The coefficient of variation ranged from 0.40% to 1.68% and its mean value was 0.82%. Mean Horrat ratio amounted to 0.35, thus confirming very good precision of the method. The recovery rate of the acids added to the compound feed ranged from 97.2% to 102.5%, with the average of 99.4%.

Kwas jablkowy [E 296] - naturalny srodek spozywczy

51%

Nowak K. , Mitka K.

nr 12

34-35

Occurrence, properties and applications of apple acid (E 296) in this article were described. Malic acid is one of the acids widespread in vegetable world wide. He usually was obtained from unripe fruit by extraction. In food industry malic acid acts as pH control agent, flavor enhancer and flavoring agent. Moreover, malic acid in pharmaceutical as well as in cosmetic industry is used.

W artykule opisano występowanie, właściwości i zastosowanie kwasu jabłkowego (E 296), który należy do szeroko rozpowszechnionych w świecie roślinnym. Zwykle otrzymuje się go z niedojrzałych owoców przez ekstrakcję. W przemyśle spożywczym kwas jabłkowy stosowany jest głównie jako regulator kwasowości i dodatek smakowy. Ponadto jest stosowany w przemyśle farmaceutycznym i kosmetycznym.