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nr 4 (36)
59-77
EN
The article deals with the spatial validity of acts of local law. Before the amendments introduced by the Acts of 25 June 2015 and 27 October 2017, the basic concept proposed by the representatives of doctrine with regard to the changes in the spatial validity of acts of local law was the concept of preserving the binding force of the acts of local law in force in a strictly defined area, i.e. local development plans. Other acts of local law were to expire. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the amendments to both the Act of 8 March 1990 on Municipal Self-Government and the Act of 5 June 1998 on District Self-Government brought about the introduction of necessary regulations that had been awaited for many years – the legal gap in this area was filled with appropriate legal provisions. The article states that the legislator decided to adopt the model, according to which, in the case of mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities, acts of local law, as a rule, do not expire. The legislator took the position that such a solution does not conflict with the wording of Article 87 Paragraph 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, according to which the sources of generally binding law of the Republic of Poland are, in the area of activity of the authorities that established them, the acts of local law. The analysis of the amended regulations has proved that these new regulations have led to a solution to problems related to the validity of local acts of law in connection with the change of the area’s affiliation to a specific local government unit. Thus, it can be assumed that the amendments discussed here may lead to an acceleration and facilitation of processes related to mergers or changes in the borders of municipalities or districts.  
EN
Participation has recently received renewed attention in the context of governance. This is especially relevant in countries where democratization and decentralization have led to an increased promotion of citizen involvement into the decision-making process. This article suggests that the current debate on civic engagement would benefit from further reflection on how the concept of participation is implemented in contexts, particularly in the Nordic as well as Central and Eastern European countries, where ideas of local democracy, urban governance and involvement can be understood differently. By exploring citizen participation from the perspective of local officials in two European cities – Lublin, Poland and Tampere, Finland, the article seeks to add significant data to the on-going scholarly discussion. Based on qualitative research, it examines advantages and disadvantages of the provisions of the local citizen-participation frameworks, as perceived by the officials of the selected case cities. In the conclusion, the authors point out that although both cities have different democratic institutional systems as well as commonly accepted notions of citizen participation, their city halls frequently face similar problems related to the use of participatory tools.
3
100%
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tom 184
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nr 1
171-190
EN
Local self-government, as a structure within which civil society can thrive, where the digital competencies of the local and regional community come to life, must have the right tools to ensure adequate cybersecurity. These days, e-government, also at the local self-government level, is a common form of performing public tasks, and as a result, its activities in cyberspace must be properly secured. Many tasks are performed using ICT systems that are exposed to external attacks, and therefore, they should meet the appropriate security standards. The article refers to the legal solutions in the field of cybersecurity operating within local self-government in Poland and Hungary.
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nr 3 (23)
9-49
EN
The creation of conditions aimed at ensuring the health of the population is a supreme value. Polish legal solutions make it a constitutional obligation of the State and local self-government. The current Constitution of the Republic of Poland of2 April 1997 does not define the limits of this obligation; it only states that the conditions for ensuring everyone’s right to health protection and the scope of health services that are financed from public funds are to be specified by statute. In fact, the system leaves almost complete freedom in this area to the legislator. In the article the solutions adopted by local self-government units in 1991–2018 are evaluated. In order to fulfil certain competences and tasks imposed by law on the commune, poviat and self-governing regional bodies, the legislator has determined two spheres of their activity: (i) implementation of their own tasks in the field of health protection and health promotion, and (ii) establishment and running of entities which before 2011 were termed public health care facilities and after 2011 changed their name into medical entities which are not entrepreneurs. In neither of these spheres of activity is the participation of local government units identical. In the first sphere, the differences result from both the constitutional acts shaping their own tasks in the field of health protection, as well as health programmes which they adopt for their implementation. In the second sphere, however, the differences are a result of statutory solutions that base the model of health care on values that are not uniformly understood. Before 2011, they were conducted and maintained fully, or to a limited extent, from public funds, whereas after 2011 they were maintained from public funds only, when a budgetary unit was selected as an organisational formula of a self-government medical entity. The solutions of the Act of 2011 in its original wording pointed tended to favour commercialisation of the public health sector. The negative side of the solutions adopted is the extraordinary lack of diligence in exercising legislative diligence, especially in the scope of defining the competences and tasks of local self-government units in relation to the medical entities created/ run by these units.
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tom 77
184-198
PL
The article presents the impact of European Union law on the development of supra-local self-government structures in Poland. In the literature, it is estimated that the self-governmental reform of 1998 assuming the establishment of self-government voivodships and poviats enabled Poland to effectively join the implementation of regional development policy. The voivodship self-government and poviat became the basis of the institutional infrastructure together with the commune, enabling efficient acquisition of the Structural Funds and the EU Cohesion Fund.
7
Content available remote Self-government in the political system of Poland
89%
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nr 2
87-104
PL
Jednym z największych osiągnięć procesu transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce jest szeroka decentralizacja sfery władztwa publicznego rozumiana jako system, w którym istnieje większa liczba samodzielnych ośrodków dysponujących kompetencjami publicznoprawnymi przy jednym centralnym. Będący egzemplifikacją decentralizacji samorząd stał się zatem ważnym elementem demokratycznego systemu politycznego, współtworząc sieć powiązań odnoszących się do podziału władzy, majątku i zasobów w społeczeństwie. Nie ulega wątpliwości, że działając na rzecz zorganizowanych korporacyjnie grup obywateli samorząd przyczynia się do podniesienia efektywności funkcjonowania władzy publicznej w wymiarze terytorialnym i specjalnym. Wychodząc z tego założenia należy zauważyć, że samorząd nie jest pojęciem jednowymiarowym odnoszącym się wyłącznie do stosunków terytorialnych. Ważną rolę w systemie reprezentowania interesów określonych środowisk odgrywa także samorząd specjalny, który wyodrębnia się według innych kryteriów. W jego ramach wyróżniamy przede wszystkim samorząd zawodowy i gospodarczy. Warto również podkreślić, że samorząd należy obecnie rozpatrywać z nieco innej perspektywy, nie tylko ze względu na kontekst administracyjno-instytucjonalny, ale również z punktu widzenia realizacji interesów zorganizowanych grup społecznych, a więc w kategoriach governance, co może poprawić funkcjonowanie systemu władzy lokalnej, na przykład w kontekście kształtowania się obszarów metropolitalnych. Harmonijny rozwój wszystkich form samorządu, bez względu na charakter więzi łączących ich członków, a także wzmacnianie procesów partycypacyjnych jest zatem jednym z warunków petryfikacji demokratycznego systemu politycznego.
EN
One of the greatest achievements in the process of political transformation in Poland involves the broad decentralization of the public authorities, where a larger number of independent entities with public competences exist alongside a single center. Decentralization is embodied by self-government, which has therefore become an important element of the democratic regime co-creating a network of links related to the distribution of power, property and resources across society. Undoubtedly, self-government which works in favor of citizens’ groups being organized as corporations contributes to the increased efficiency of public authorities in the territorial and special dimension. Based on this, self-government should be understood not as a unidimensional entity involved only in territorial relations. There is also special self-government, established according to different criteria, which plays an important role in the system of the representation of the interests of defined circles. It is divided into professional self-government and, first and foremost, business self-government. Importantly, self-governments should be approached from a slightly different angle – not only in the administrative and institutional context, but also from the point of view of the realization of the interests of organized social groups, that is in terms of governance, which can improve the functioning of local authorities, for instance as concerns the emergence of metropolitan areas. The harmonious development of all forms of self-government, irrespective of the type of bonds connecting its members, as well as the consolidation of participatory processes, is one of the prerequisites for a stable democratic regime.
8
Content available remote Reformy samorządności lokalnej w Indiach – przesłanki i determinanty
88%
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nr 3(170)
43–67
EN
Following the Constitution of 1949, India is a democratic republic, a federation of states. However, in the early years of independence, the democratic rules of organising and functioning of the state applied to only two tiers – the federal one and the state one. The local tier remained undemocratic, which resulted in India being a semi-democratic country. Such a situation could not last long. It was necessary to launch reforms to democratise the local system of government and make India a fully democratic country. Numerous attempts at setting up democratic local self-government had been made, but all failed. It was not until the early 1990s that sustainable legal grounds were established for three-tier governance and its implementation began. Thirty years have passed since the Indian decentralisation. This fact induced the author to present the premises, determinants, and effects of the local government system’s democratisation and attempt to evaluate its role in the life of contemporary India.
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tom nr 4
83--102
EN
Introduction/background: Dynamic growth and competition of an organization need also improving the human resources management processes. However in local government units, this system has always been shaped under completely different conditions, determined by legal provisions. Meanwhile with socio-economic development and changing society people started to expect effectiveness and efficiency also in the public sphere, which resulted in focusing attention on the effectiveness of people employed and raising the level of customer service in public administration. Therefore, it became necessary to introduce the process of human resources management also in local government. Aim of the paper: The objective of the conducted research was to make an analysis and qualitative assessment of the process of human resources management in local government units and to show the influence of this process in local government on the efficiency and effectiveness of its functioning. Materials and methods: The conclusions presented in this paper are a result of a critical evaluation of the literature related to the topic of the work, legal provisions, participant observation, individual case study of the examined public organisation and a survey conducted among 60 people. The research methodology that was used in the study is a quantitative method. Results and conclusions: The research showed that local government units improve the recruitment process, carry out periodic assessments and develop an employee development plan, but do not create a coherent process and limit themselves to the obligatory minimum. So, the local government administration must strive to fill job positions with professional, competent and properly prepared employees.
EN
West Pomeranian Voivodship Sejmik adopted a resolution containing a position in which it appealed to the Government of the Republic of Poland to withdraw its veto of the draft European Union budget for 2021–2027 and the Next Generation UE (NGEU). In a supervisory decision, the Voivode declared the resolution invalid on the grounds that it had been adopted with the violation of substantive law. The Voivodship Administrative Court in Szczecin overturned this decision, as a result of which the Voivode lodged a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland. The subject of the commentary is the judgement of the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland, in which it upheld this appeal and overruled the judgement of the Voivodship Administrative Court in Szczecin, justifying it with the lack of a legal basis for the West Pomeranian Voivodship Sejmik position and a breach of the competences of the Council of Ministers. According to the author of the commentary, the Supreme Administrative Court of Poland did not take into account the fact that the voivodship self-government also conducts development policy, the financing of which is related to the issues aforementioned in the position of the West Pomeranian Voivodship Sejmik. Hence, this body was entitled to adopt the resolution and did not thereby encroach upon the competences of the Council of Ministers.
EN
Referring to this year’s local government elections in Poland traditionally on the occasion of this type of events which concern the manifestation of local democracy in the public debate, there are many questions about the essence and role of local self-government in a modern democratic state. Therefore it is necessary to consider what is the essence and role of local self-government in a democratic state in which Catholicism dominates, a state based on the principles of a democratic state of law and the doctrine of the Catholic Church which seems to be Poland at the time. Bearing these matters in mind, in this article the subject of my considerations in the first part is to present the essence and role of local self-government in a democratic state, while in the second part to present the essence and role of local self-Government in the social teaching of the Catholic Church, whose teaching is related to the development of modern societies
PL
Nawiązując do wyborów samorządowych w Polsce, które odbyły się 21 października (I tura) i 4 listopada (II tura) 2018 r., tradycyjnie przy okazji tego typu wydarzeń, które dotyczą przejawów demokracji lokalnej, w debacie publicznej pojawia się wiele pytań na temat istoty i roli samorządu terytorialnego we współczesnym państwie demokratycznym, np. pytań o to, czy nowożytny samorząd terytorialny jest silny i czy odpowiada na zmiany zachodzące w otaczającej go rzeczywistości.
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tom 11(1)
247-256
EN
An important task of today's science is to overcome a simplified understanding of de-mocracy as an unrestricted freedom of citizens. That is why the basis of the implemen-tation of public opinion should be the interaction of public authorities with public organizations, as well as accountability of public authorities in the regions in front of representative organizations of communities. A prerequisite for progressive social development is the equality of citizens and their associations. Active intervention of civic organizations in the development of regions, the destruction of managerial stereotypes, readiness for non-standard decisions, the application of new management methods proves the effectiveness and superiority of leadership through the interaction of public authorities with civic organizations. The interaction of public authorities with non-governmental organizations in the field of humanitarian development of the region is substantiated in the article. The actuali-ty of the mentioned problem under conditions of constitutional modernization in Ukraine is determined. The essence of interaction of authorities and communities in the development of humanitarian field of the region is clarified. public authority, non-governmental organizations, humanitarian field of the region, state strategy of regional development, local self-government, territorial communities, democracy Ważnym zadaniem dzisiejszej nauki jest przezwyciężenie uproszczonego rozumienia demokracji jako nieograniczonej wolności obywateli. Dlatego podstawą wdrażania opinii publicznej powinna być interakcja władz publicznych z organizacjami publicznymi, a także odpowiedzialność i kontrola władz publicznych w regionach przed reprezentatywnymi organizacjami społeczności. Równość obywateli i ich stowarzyszeń jest niezbędnym warunkiem stopniowego rozwoju społecznego. Aktywna interwencja organizacji publicznych w rozwój regionów, niszczenie stereotypów zarządzania, gotowość do nie-standardowych decyzji, stosowanie nowych metod zarządzania, dowodzi skuteczności i przewagi regionalnego przywództwa poprzez interakcje władz publicznych z organizacjami pozarządowymi. Artykuł uzasadnia interakcje władz publicznych z organizacjami publicznymi w dziedzinie rozwoju humanitarnego regionu. Określono aktualność wspomnianego problemu w warunkach zmiany konstytucji na Ukrainie. Wyjaśniono istotę interakcji między władzami publicznymi a organizacjami publicznymi w rozwoju sfery humanitarnej regionu władze publiczne, organizacje publiczne, sfera humanitarna regionu, państwowa strategia rozwoju regionalnego, samorząd lokalny, wspólnoty terytorialne, demokracja
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2017
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nr 1 (35)
155-172
PL
Samorząd lokalny w Republice Białorusi jest instytucją prawa konstytucyjnego. Przewiduje się w nim funkcjonowanie instytucji demokracji pośredniej i bezpośredniej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie prawnych aspektów funkcjonowania instytucji demokracji bezpośredniej w systemie samorządu lokalnego w Republice Białoruś, w tym referendum lokalnego, zebrania lokalnego oraz organów terytorialnego samorządu społecznego Wskazano również problemy w realizacji zasad demokracji bezpośredniej, odnosząc je do specyfiki niedemokratycznego reżimu politycznego współczesnej Białorusi.
EN
Local self-government in the Republic of Belarus is an institution of constitutional law. It declares functioning of institutions of direct and indirect democracy. The aim of following paper is to describe legal aspects of institutions of direct democracy in the system of local self-government in Belarus including local referendum, local assembly and territorial social self-government. It discusses also problems in implementation of direct democracy mechanisms, relating this with the specificity of nondemocratic political regime in contemporary Belarus.
15
Content available Samorząd terytorialny jako wspólnota obywatelska
75%
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2016
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tom 16/1
99-114
PL
Oczekiwania obywateli co do sposobu zarządzania ich sprawami, zwłaszcza przez samorząd terytorialny, stopniowo ulegają zmianie. Zainteresowani są oni nie tyle biernym uczestnictwem w życiu wspólnoty lokalnej, ale aktywnie chcą brać udział w realizacji spraw, które ich bezpośrednio dotyczą. Obywatele chcą być partnerami dla wybranych przez siebie władz lokalnych. Wymaga przy tym podkreślenia, że jest to trudne partnerstwo, wymagające od jego uczestników zaangażowania, wyrozumiałości, zaufania.
EN
Citizens’ expectations of how their affairs are managed, especially by the local self- -government, have gradually changed. They are not interested in passive participation in the life of the local community, but they actively want to participate in the implementation of matters they are directly affected with. Citizens want to be partners for the local authorities they have chosen. What must be emphasised is the fact that it is a difficult partnership, requiring involvement of its participants, their understanding and trust.
16
Content available Zadania jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce
75%
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nr XXVII
330-340
EN
The local self-government is acting out the importnt part in the country’s economy. According to the Constitution of the Republic of Poland the local self- -government is carrying the essential part of public objectives. The concept of public objectives is in practice elusive, because it is connected closely with such determinations as: public purposes and the public interest. Concepts in question are as well definable with difficulty, because they are mutually interpenetrating as well as are supplementing. Public purposes are directed at the common good of communities, and in the case of objectives of the local self-government it has a more local or regional dimension, because these purposes must have character of the public utility.
PL
Samorząd terytorialny odgrywa znaczącą rolę w gospodarce kraju. Zgodnie z Konstytucją RP samorząd terytorialny wykonuje istotną część zadań publicznych. Pojęcie zadań publicznych jest w praktyce trudne do zdefiniowania, ponieważ jest ściśle powiązane z takimi określeniami jak: cel publiczny i interes publiczny. Przedmiotowe pojęcia są również trudno definiowalne, ponieważ wzajemnie się przenikają i uzupełniają. Cel publiczny ukierunkowany jest na dobro wspólne społeczności, a w przypadku zadań samorządu terytorialnego ma ono wymiar bardziej lokalny lub regionalny, ponieważ te cele muszą mieć charakter użyteczności publicznej.
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2014
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nr Nr 3(1)
95-110
PL
W artykule poddano analizie kwestię sprzyjania demokracji dla rozwoju sfery obywatelskiej, istnienie rozmaitych modeli rozwoju demokratycznego, typów demokracji, konieczność stworzenia uniwersalnego (idealnego) modelu społeczeństwa obywatelskiego.
EN
The article analyses the issue of promoting democracy in order to develop the civic sphere, favouring various models of democratic development, types of democracy as well as the necessity to create a universal (ideal) model of a civic society.
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2017
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tom 13
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nr 4
138-156
PL
Opieka zdrowotna jest jednym z najważniejszych zadań publicznych współczesnego świata. Odpowiedzialność za funkcjonowanie systemu opieki zdrowotnej co do zasady spoczywa na władzy centralnej państwa. W Unii Europejskiej istnieją znaczne różnice pomiędzy organizacją systemów opieki zdrowotnej poszczególnych państw. Funkcjonują różne modele organizacyjne, odmienne są zasady finansowania oraz stopień decentralizacji. Artykuł przedstawia różne modele systemów ochrony zdrowia, koncentrując się głównie na roli władz lokalnych i regionalnych w systemach zarządzania zdrowiem. Rola ta jest analizowana pod względem stopnia samodzielności jednostek samorządu terytorialnego, zakresu ich kompetencji, zasad finansowania oraz odpowiedzialności i funkcji normatywnej. W artykule podjęto również próbę budowy modeli systemów opieki zdrowotnej w oparciu o rolę jednostek samorządu terytorialnego w ich zarządzaniu.
EN
Healthcare is one of the most important public tasks in the modern world. Responsibility for the functioning of the health care system in principle rests with the central state authorities. There are significant differences in the scope of its organization, funding principles and the degree of decentralization in the EU Member States. The article presents different models of health care systems, focusing mainly on the role of local and regional authorities in health management systems in EU Member States. This role is analyzed in terms of the degree of independence of local government units, the scope of their competences, funding rules, responsibilities and functions in relation to health protection legislation. The article also attempts to build models of health care systems based on the role of local and regional authorities in their management.
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tom 2(21)
11-20
EN
Presented article shows current problems regarding the lack of compliance by public authorities of the fundamental principles and values defining the democratic systemic order.Failure to obey the constitutional rules of social life, circumventing the law, and even breaking them, weakening civic institutions, inevitably threats the security of the democratic systemic worked by Poland after 1989.In this context, the right to selfgovernment ceases to be one of the most important, elementary values allowing the fullfilling of the principle of a democratic state of law.
RU
В данной статье представлены актуальные проблемы несоблюдения органами го- сударственной власти основополагающих принципов и ценностей, определяющих демократический системный порядок. Несоблюдение конституционных правил общественной жизни, обход законов и даже нарушение их, ослабление граждан- ских институтов неизбежно ставит под угрозу безопасность демократического системного строя, сложившегося в Польше после 1989 года. В этом контексте право на самоуправление перестаёт быть одной из важнейших элементарных ценностей, позволяющих реализовать принцип демократического правового государства.
PL
Wiedza jest zasobem, który obecnie nabiera coraz większego znaczenia w rozwoju gospodarki. Rośnie rola kapitału ludzkiego i innowacji. Natomiast stopniowo ogranicza się znaczenie surowców naturalnych oraz nisko wykwalifikowanej siły roboczej. Coraz częściej mówi się o gospodarce opartej na wiedzy (GOW, z ang. the knowledge-based economy), tj. gospodarce bazującej na wiedzy i informacji. Niebagatelną rolę w procesie wspomagania jej rozwoju odgrywają samorządy terytorialne, które jednocześnie stają przed koniecznością zmierzenia się z jej wyzwaniami w aspekcie narastającej konkurencji między obszarami .Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i ocena aktywności samorządów lokalnych w tworzeniu gospodarki opartej na wiedzy. Przyjęto, że współcześnie ważnym instrumentem kształtowania procesów rozwojowych w naszym kraju są fundusze europejskie, które mogą się przyczynić do pobudzania czynników wzrostu gospodarczego i rozwoju GOW. W prowadzonych na potrzeby niniejszej pracy badaniach dokonano zatem kwerendy i analizy danych dotyczących projektów zrealizowanych w gminach województwa małopolskiego przy wsparciu unijnych środków pomocowych.
EN
Knowledge is a resource that is becoming increasingly important today in the development of the economy. The role of human capital and innovation is growing. However, the importance of natural resources and low-skilled labour is gradually being reduced. There is more and more talk about the knowledge-based economy (KBE), i.e. an economy based on knowledge and information. A considerable role in the process of supporting the development of the knowledge-based economy is played by local self-governments, who also face the need of coping with its challenges in terms of growing competition between areas. The purpose of this article is to analyse and evaluate the activity of local self-governments in creating a knowledge-based economy. It has been assumed that European funds are an important instrument for shaping development processes in our country today, which may contribute to the stimulation of growth factors and development of the KBE. Therefore, for the purpose of this research, the authors conducted an enquiry and analysis of data on projects carried out with the support of EU aid funds in municipalities of the voivodeship of Malopolska.
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