The article reflects upon the way in which writings by W.G. Sebald mediate between the constructing of space and hybridity. Specifically, the function of photography within the narration is analyzed here. In conclusion, photographs, despite their strong referential charge, do not in any way diminish the undoubted textualization of space in Sebald’s works.
The paper summarizes some remarks on the metaphor of map, as it is used within the field of geopoetics. The first of its meanings refers to representation of literary space in a work of fiction. The second is often applied to describe an imaginary vision of real geographic (political, economic etc.) space. It is therefore determined (or “created”) by culture, or rather by innumerable cultural texts, which affect our common, i.e. culture-dependent imagination. In both cases “the map” should not be considered as a representation in its traditional meaning of something essentially present or given. Instead, Deleuzian metaphors of the rhizome and the fold seem more convenient here, as they highlight this unready, process- and interpretation-dependent character. The sets of metaphorical notions, such as “fold/ply”, “double fold/twofold/two-ply” and “folding/creasing/ironing imaginary maps” are used in this paper to clarify the idea of “antechamber effect”. In consequence, this is a phenomenon which, within the realm of literary imagination, renders some real territories with weak cultural potential nonexistent.
The article analyzes spatial represenatation of New York as presented in Janusz Głowacki’s works after his decision to emigrate in 1981. The literary assimilation of space is realized through three narrative strategies, i.e. stereotyping, walking, and naming/writing mode. The author of the article proposes geopoetic, anthropological, and sociological reading of his various texts (autobiography, essays, short stories, and dramas).
This article examines the staging and coding of femininity in literary works focused on cities during wartime, authored by women. Drawing on Judith Butler’s reading of Luce Irigaray and Henri Lefebvre’s The production of space, the analysis centers on the works of Lidiya Ginzburg (Zapiski blokadnogo čeloveka, 1984), Anna Świrszczyńska (Budowałam barykadę, 1974), Zlata Filipović (Le journal de Zlata, 1993), and Yevgenia Belorusets (Anfang des Krieges, 2022). The article argues that these texts challenge abstracting, phallogocentric systems of meaning on two distinct planes. First, they subvert abstract spatial structures forced on urban space by masculine power dynamics, accomplishing this through a perspective that emphasizes the city ‘from below’ and underscores the private, as opposed to the institutional, dimension of urban life. Second, they contest the erasure of the feminine in linguistic structures, shedding light on the oppression experienced by women during war and showcasing narrative and linguistic practices that reclaim agency. The article contends that these four texts not only represent deviations from conventional war narratives but also stage their own female authorship as an appeal against phallogocentric linguistic, spatial, and narrative structures. Consequently, they provide a means to articulate the precarity and marginalization of the feminine within both cities during war and economies of significance wherein the female is subjected to obliteration.
Artykuł dotyczy poezji poznańskiego twórcy - Andrzeja Babińskiego. W analizowanych utworach widoczne są wątki katastroficzne i surrealistyczne, uobecniające się w sposobie ewokowania przestrzeni poetyckiej. Składają się na nią przede wszystkim pełne fantazji wizje, często irracjonalne, wolne od zasad logiki, splecione z elementów na pierwszy rzut oka przeciwnych sobie, pochodzących z odległych pól semantycznych, a wynikające z rozluźnienia logiki związków przyczynowo-skutkowych. W przestrzeni Babińskiego o sile oddziaływania wiersza oraz o spójności komunikatu decyduje swoista logika obrazów zespolonych ciągiem asocjacji wynikających z wyobraźni poety; kluczem jest tu właśnie obrazowość tej twórczości i jej plastyczność, ukierunkowujące odbiór wierszy w kontekście geopoetyki, regionalizmu i katastrofizmu.
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The article concerns the poetry of the Poznań poet Andrzej Babiński described from the perspective of the author’s biographical experiences, his work and creative worldview. The analysis covers the author’s poetic imagination and the images of the world plunged into a permanent apocalypse. In addition, it examines the image of the world that slips away from under the feet of man, resulting from the conviction about the crisis of civilization and the death of poetry, as well as the loss of values in the post-war world. Reflections on this subject are presented in the context of geopoetics, locality and catastrophism.
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The article analyzes literary landscape in the work of Karel Hynek Mácha, specifically, it focuses on the way in which the landscape in the poem Máj and in the prose Cikáni has been interpreted through history. Using specific interpretative case studies, it illustrates the chronological change in the interpretation of Mácha’s landscape, which range from the first attempts to reconcile literary landscape with real topographies to the increasing independence of the literary representation. The author of the article interprets mimetic reading of Mácha’s landscapes as an expression of the contemporary effort to strengthen the consciousness of national self-identity based on a cultural continuity demarcated not only historically but also territorially.
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This study observes the process whereby the Czech cultural scene was redefined during the first few months of the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. In an attempt to protect Czech culture and to preserve the autonomy of Czech institutions as proclaimed by the German occupiers, society deliberately undertook centralization and self-regulatory measures. The National Partnership (Národní souručenství), which 97% of the male population joined during spring 1939, was initiated as a part of its internal policy by the Cultural Council, which had had programmatic continuity since November 1938. Under the „new conditions“ it was meant to become the autonomous, proactive working and advisory centre for the National Partnership´s cultural and educational work. Although it had taken part in the organization of such spontaneous demonstrations as the second burial of Karel Hynek Mácha, it was soon arranging a number of promotional events in an attempt to centralize, control and regulate the cultural scene. In its cultural and political discourse it highlighted the topoi of the good Czech book, which became a symbol of resistance and a means for preserving national identity. The most successful promotional event used by the Cultural Council to take control of the entire spectrum of artistic and cultural life whithin the Protectorate was the December Czech Book Month organized in towns and rural areas. The preparations were strictly centralized and controlled, and it was only possible to exhibit books previously listed by the Cultural Council. „A good Czech book“ became a cult object, on the basis of which Protectorate society was newly defined, legitimizing it in the face of overbearing German culture and bolstering its resistance. The event also resulted in economic assistance to the graphic and book industries, while redefining the Czech literary scene and the totalitarization of Czech society.
The article attempts to recognize the most distinctive aspects of spatial representations in literary works from the 20th and 21st centuries. It analyzes the narrative strategies employed in the following novels Terminal by Marek Bieńczyk, Sońka by Ignacy Karpowicz and Ludzka rzecz by Paweł Potoroczyn. Consequently, it shows that textual exploration of space which is foreign, other, untameable may be instrumental in authorial self-representation and that it may additionally reveal the writing process with its innate limitations.
The article reflects upon the works of Andrzej Bart and Zbigniew Kruszyński, concentrating on how urban space is correlated with the category of identity. The most useful here then seems geopoetic reading with its concepts of history’s influence upon geography (and different visions of Polish identity), biography and space identity, mythologizing urban space (Łódź in Bart, Radom and Wrocław in Kruszyński), and the relationship between autobiographical memory and space experience. Additionally, of special importance here is the interaction between movement and stability and between sedentariness and nomadism.
On the basis of literary sketches from the Frozen in Time volume and Zbigniew Żakiewicz’s novels Lupine Meadows, The Abacz Clan and Wilio, in the Depths of the Sea, a symbolic connection between the writer’s family home and the past, especially his childhood, is presented. In the article, the house is regarded as a pictorial embodiment of lost homeland and the destruction of the protagonist/narrator’s private world following his exile from the Borderlands. The space of the family home collapses, and thus ceases to evoke a feeling of belonging, to be a sign of childhood order. In Żakiewicz’s works, memory as an identity category is depicted in material, social, symbolic and personalistic dimensions. Family home is related to the material side of things, as well as behaviors, relations, ideas, and values. It becomes a specific marker which, depending on context, can be used in a variety of ways, acting as a metonymy or synecdoche. Space as a component of identity extends from autobiographical to collective memory, it is the knowledge about the roots from which one grows. The change of individual and collective space-time leads the writer to identify what is “home” and what is “memory”: “home” becomes a model of “memory,” and “memory” a model of a “home” that exists thanks to memories and dreams. Zbigniew Żakiewicz shows how space shrinks, how his family home turns into a house of cards within a few years and, dependent on the individual perspective, loses its entire spiritual and material treasure for the family.
Esej dotyczy belektrystycznej twórczości niektórych pisarzy debiutujących po 1989 roku (A. Stasiuk, P. Siemion, W. Kowalewski, Z. Kruszyński, K. Varga). Analiza przestrzeni miejskiej w ich powieściach i opowiadaniach na podstawie trzech chronotopów (Bachtin) – centrum, ulica, droga – pozwala zdefiniować pewne cechy bohatera literackiego oraz sposób narracji. W polskim literackim mieście epoki postsocjalistycznej już nie ma śladu flâneura: zastąpiony postacią wędrowca lub uciekiniera, bohater polskich fikcji literackich gubi się w ośrodkach miejskich, które przyjmują specyficzne cechy labiryntu. W tym można doszukiwać się przyczyny ponownego powodzenia i przywrócenia wartości paradygmatu podróży w nowej polskiej prozie.
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This essay concerns the fiction works of some Polish writers who made their literary debuts after 1989 (A. Stasiuk, P. Siemion, W. Kowalewski, Z. Kruszyński, K. Varga). Analysis of the urban space in their novels and tales based on three chronotopes (Bachtin) – center, street, road – serves to define certain characteristics of the hero and of the literary narrative mode. In the Polish literary city of the post-socialist era, there is now no trace of the flâneur: replaced with the figure of a wanderer or fugitive, the hero of Polish literary fiction is lost in urban centers that take on the unique characteristics of the labyrinth. In this can be sought the reason behind the revived popularity of the theme of travel in the new Polish prose.
The article is focused on the emotional perception of space and ways of its designation in Feodor Sologub’s creative works. The base of this perception is so-called “claustrophobic” experience which is understood as a way of spatial self-identification of the subject which connects ontologic, existential, mental and subject realities. This phenomenon provokes a number of specific feelings (discomfort, excitement, horror; feeling of closeness, weight, constraint; losing the orientation in the world and self-control). “Literary claustrophobia” at various levels of the text is the key model for F. Sologub’s poetics.
W artykule omówiono strukturę czasoprzestrzeni w powieści „Ptaki i gniazda” wybitnego białoruskiego pisarza Janki Bryla. Zwrócono uwagę na wpływ kategorii czasu i przestrzeni na oś konstrukcyjną i fabularną utworu. Współistnienie dwóch płaszczyzn czasu i przestrzeni (życie i wspomnienia Alesia Runiewicza) było uwarunkowane fabularno-kompozycyjną strukturą powieści i pozwoliło wielopłaszczyznowo odsłonić świat wewnętrznych przeżyć głównego bohatera.
EN
The author of the article analyzes time-spacial structure of the novel “Birds and Nests” written by an eminent Belarusian writer Yanka Bryl. It is emphasized that time and space influence structural and storyline axes of the book. Coexistence of these two layers (life and memories of Ales Runevich) was conditioned by the structure and storyline, and enabled to show the main heroe’s mental experiences.
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