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Modeling of the Liquid-Liquid Equilibrium for Aqueous Solutions of Nonionic Surfactants CiEj

100%

Browarzik C. , Browarzik D.

2006

tom Vol. 80, nr 1

117-128

A new thermodynamic model was developed to calculate the liquid-liquid equilibria (LLE) of aqueous solutions of nonionic surfactants. It is based on continuous thermodynamics and on Flory-Huggins theory. Besides the micellization the self association ofwater is taken into account in the framework of a mass-action law approach. The polydisperse mixture of micelles and water associates is described by two continuous size distribution functions depending on temperature and surfactant concentration. First, the model is applied to several aqueous solutions of n-alkyl polyglycol ethers (CiEj) with tail length i from 6 to 8 and head length j from 3 to 6, showing lower critical solution temperatures (LCST) only. Furthermore, LLE was calculated for the aqueous solutions of C4E1, C10E4 and C10E5 with closed-loop miscibility gaps. The agreement between calculated and experimental data is very good for nearly all systems of both types.

Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Systems Containing Butanol and Ionic Liquids – A Review

75%

Kubiczek A. , Kamiński W.

nr 1

Dynamiczna oraz statyczna rozpuszczalność tymochinonu w nadkrytycznym ditlenku węgla

75%

Gurgenova K. , Wawrzyniak P.

tom Nr 6

320-321

Przeprowadzono pomiary rozpuszczalności mieszaniny modelowej, w celu Uzyskania stężenia równowagowego tymochinonu w nadkrytycznym ditlenku węgla. Modelowa mieszanina tymochinon i rafinowanego oleju rzepakowego była przygotowana tak, by naśladować stężenie tymochino fiu w naturalnym oleju z czarnuszki. Zastosowano metodę dynamiczną pomiaru stężenia równowagowego, gdy warunki procesu sprzyjały wysokim |ego wartościom. Uzyskano krzywe nasycenia. Statyczna metodę pomiaru 'Stężenia równowagowego zastosowano w zbliżonym zakresie temperatur i ciśnień. Zmierzone wartości stężeń równowagowych mieszczą się w zakresie od 6,94 o 10(6) do 5,40- 10(-5).

Solubility measurements were performed for model mixture, trying to obtain equilibrium data for thymoquinone and supercritical carbon dioxide. As thymoquinone can be extracted from black cumin raw oil, artificial mixtures of thymoquinone and commercial refined oil were prepared to imitate volatile oil of black cumin oil. The dynamic method of equilibrium concentration measurement was used for process conditions corresponding to high thymoquinone solubility. The saturation curves were found. The static method of equilibrium concentration measurement was applied for a wider range of temperatures and pressures. The observed equilibrium concentrations ranged from 6.94x10-6 to 5.4x010(-5).

Liquid-Liquid Extraction in Systems Containing Butanol and Ionic Liquids – A Review

63%

Kubiczek A. , Kamiński W.

2017

tom Vol. 38, nr 1

97--110

Room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) are a moderately new class of liquid substances that are characterized by a great variety of possible anion-cation combinations giving each of them different properties. For this reason, they have been termed as designer solvents and, as such, they are particularly promising for liquid-liquid extraction, which has been quite intensely studied over the last decade. This paper concentrates on the recent liquid-liquid extraction studies involving ionic liquids, yet focusing strictly on the separation of n-butanol from model aqueous solutions. Such research is undertaken mainly with the intention of facilitating biological butanol production, which is usually carried out through the ABE fermentation process. So far, various sorts of RTILs have been tested for this purpose while mostly ternary liquid-liquid systems have been investigated. The industrial design of liquid-liquid extraction requires prior knowledge of the state of thermodynamic equilibrium and its relation to the process parameters. Such knowledge can be obtained by performing a series of extraction experiments and employing a certain mathematical model to approximate the equilibrium. There are at least a few models available but this paper concentrates primarily on the NRTL equation, which has proven to be one of the most accurate tools for correlating experimental equilibrium data. Thus, all the presented studies have been selected based on the accepted modeling method. The reader is also shown how the NRTL equation can be used to model liquid-liquid systems containing more than three components as it has been the authors’ recent area of expertise.