This essay discusses two episodes of temporally bounded consultant work on Tundra Yukaghir (isolate) and Tuvan (Turkic) and attempts to bridge, or at least narrow the gap between reflexive anthropological thinking (e.g., Geertz, 1973, 1988) and reasoning about linguistic fieldwork. In this respect, the essay is a follow-up on Siegl (2018), which analyzed experiences from fieldwork in moribund speech communities. Similar to Siegl (2018), this essay also focuses more on data gathering and (personal) challenges in the field and less on presenting polished research results; therefore, references to literature on linguistic fieldwork are minimized (this literature was covered in detail in Siegl, 2010, 2018). Given that the process of data gathering is usually blended out in research reports, a second aim of this essay is to offer insights on consultant/fieldwork in action so that this process becomes more transparent and can be evaluated by those without primary research interests in this sub-discipline of linguistics.
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The author considers the impact of postmodernism on contemporary humanities, and in particular on theoretical linguistics. The main thesis of the paper can be formulated as follows: postmodernism contributes to the increase of such tendencies in linguistics as: blurring of the subject of research, disregard for the ‘directives of language’, i.e. disuse of the conventional scientific language, violations of the requirement of verifiability of statements, and breaking of the rules of communication. The author examines elements of postmodern science using the example of several branches of modern linguistics: cultural linguistics (linguoculturology), ethnolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, cognitive linguistics, and discourse linguistics.
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The paper deals with (meta)linguistic categorization and its role in linguistic/grammatical research. Following the presentation of the starting point on how to assess distinct categorizations, it is shown how the absence or presence of theoretical positions on categorization in languages (structuralism, generativism, usage-based approaches) affects linguistic descriptions, and examples of inconsistencies are also presented. Subsequently, it is suggested a new categorization perspective can be used to overcome existing categorizations. The paper also presents the position that the study of language concerns causal processes applied in multiple frames and concludes that doing distinct and compatible categorizations can truly serve as a spiritus agens of new findings in linguistics.
The article discusses key concepts in contemporary philosophy of language (especially analytic), and also philosophy of linguistics, and linguistic philosophy, and the relations between these domains. Whereas linguistics, the scientific study of language, is concerned with theoretical and applied analyses of human natural language and with constructing appropriate levels of linguistic representation, philosophy of language provides (philosophical) investigations into the phenomenon of language in general, concentrating especially on the problems of meaning, reference, truth, and understanding. More recent approaches to philosophy of language considerably extend this field of investigation. Linguistic philosophy can be described as an approach to the philosophy of language, a philosophical method; further on, philosophy of linguistics offers philosophical reflections on linguistic inquiries and linguistic theories. The article investigates mutual relations among these disciplines, offers necessary terminological clarification, and provides an overview of recent studies devoted to philosophy of language.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie podstawowych zagadnień współczesnej filozofii języka (zwłaszcza w ujęciu analitycznym) oraz filozofii językoznawstwa i filozofii lingwistycznej, a także relacji między poszczególnymi dyscyplinami. Dla potrzeb niniejszej dyskusji językoznawstwo można określić jako systemowe badanie języka naturalnego, a filozofię języka jako systemowe badanie podstawowych pojęć związanych z naturą i właściwościami języka (zarówno języka naturalnego, jak i języków formalnych). Filozofia językoznawstwa, jako gałąź filozofii nauki, ma za swój przedmiot systemową refleksję nad teoriami językoznawczymi i metodami badań językoznawczych, natomiast filozofia lingwistyczna jest metodą lub techniką badania języka, również języka potocznego. W artykule dokonano również przeglądu zawartości wybranych encyklopedycznych i podręcznikowych pozycji poświęconych filozofii języka.
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